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Evaluation of environmental data relating to selected nuclear power plant sites: the Three Mile Island Nuclear Station Site
Environmental monitoring data for the years 1973 and 1974 pertaining to the Three Mile Island Nuclear Station Unit 1, which began operation in early 1974, were analyzed by the most practical qualitative and quantitative methods. Terrestrial biotic resources were considered for this plant. The effects of the operation of Unit 1 on the local terrestrial organisms were found to be undetectable. Although the plant has not operated long enough to reveal long-term deleterious effects, the present indications do not lead to a concerned prediction that any are developing. The data acquired, method of analysis, and results obtained are presented in detail along with recommendations for improving monitoring techniques.
Date:
August 1, 1976
Creator:
Murarka, I. P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Spin structures of Fe/Gd and Fe/Cr multilayers determined by polarized neutron reflectometry
Polarized neutron reflection was used to determine the magnetic structure of two different antiferromagnetically coupled multilayer systems, Fe/Gd and Fe/Cr. In Fe/Gd, the Fe and Gd moments are coupled antiparallel at the interface. At low temperatures a surface induced magnetic phase transition was found. In Fe/Cr, annealing at temperatures of up to 425{degrees}C, resulted in the degrading of antiferromagnetic coupling between Fe layers and in the formation of ferromagnetically coupled regions.
Date:
August 1, 1992
Creator:
Loewenhaupt, M.; Hahn, W. (Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH (Germany). Inst. fuer Festkoerperforschung); Huang, Y. Y.; Felcher, G. P. (Argonne National Lab., IL (United States)) & Parkin, S. S. P. (IBM Research Div., San Jose, CA (United States). Almaden Research Center)
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tandem mirror rate code and cyclic purging of alphas in tandem reactors
A set of coupled rate equations for densities and energies in a tandem mirror machine have been incorporated into a fast-running code. The code is suitable for parameter-searching and studying time-dependent processes. The code has been used to study buildup of thermalized alphas in a tandem mirror reactor, and cyclic schemes for limiting the alpha population. The principal findings are: Q/sub av/ is drastically reduced as alphas build up from a steady-state in which alphas were artificially eliminated; running in a pulsed mode to clean out alphas improves the time-averaged Q significantly, but not enough; elimination of 80% of the alphas by nonadiabatic loss and running in pulsed mode allows a reasonable time-averaged Q.
Date:
August 3, 1977
Creator:
Cohen, R. H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Feasibility study for the computerized automation of the Annapolis Field Office of EPA region III
This report describes a feasibility study for computerized automation of the Annapolis Field Office (AFO) of EPA's Region III. The AFO laboratory provides analytical support for a number of EPA divisions; its primary function at present is analysis of water samples from rivers, estuaries, and the ocean in the Chesapeake Bay area. Automation of the AFO laboratory is found to be not only feasible but also highly desirable. An automation system is proposed which will give major improvements in analytical capacity, quality control, sample management, and reporting capabilities. This system is similar to the LLL-developed automation systems already installed at other EPA laboratories, with modifications specific to the needs of the AFO laboratory and the addition of sample file control. It is estimated that the initial cost of the system, nearly $300,000, would be recouped in about three years by virtue of the increased capacity and efficiency of operation.
Date:
August 1, 1976
Creator:
Ames, H. S.; Barton, G. W. Jr.; Bystroff, R. I.; Crawford, R. W.; Kray, A. M. & Maples, M. D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Catalog of known hot springs and thermal place names for Honduras
Thermal place names were compiled from all 1:50,000 topographic quadrangle maps for the Republic of Honduras as of July 1986, from other published maps, and from several sources of unpublished data. Known hot spring sites include those visited by Empresa Nacional de Energia Electrica (Honduras) geologists, sites visited by Los Alamos geologists in 1985, and other sites known to R.C. Finch. The number of known hot spring sites in Honduras with temperatures >30/sup 0/C is 125. In addition, 56 thermal sites are suspected on the basis of thermal place names. The total number of geothermal sites, known and suspected, is 181.
Date:
August 1, 1986
Creator:
Finch, R. C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Energy use and distribution in the pulp paper and boardmaking industries
The Pulp, Paper and Boardmaking Industries (PPBI) are major energy consumers in the U.S. economy, ranking fourth among all industry groups in this respect. Including the consumption of waste streams generated within the industry's manufacturing processes, the overall energy consumption in 1972 was 2.2 x 10/sup 15/ Btu (2.2 quads or 2.3 x 10/sup 18/ joules). Energy consumption is almost equally distributed between pulpmaking and recovery or regeneration of pulping chemicals, on the one hand, and pulp drying, papermaking and boardmaking, on the other. The impact of proposed near-term pollution abatement regulations upon the industry's overall energy consumption is expected to be modest, with additional energy use for discharge control to both air and water aggregating less than 5%. Zero Pollution Discharge (ZPD) regulations could nearly double the energy requirements per ton of product however, due mainly to liquid effluent treatment requirements. The energy savings predicted by the industry, assuming that ZPD is not required, is approximately 10% below the 1972 level, per unit of product, by 1980. Full utilization of all industry alternatives for conservation could probably double this savings.
Date:
August 1, 1977
Creator:
Kaplan, S. I.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
D2PC sensitivity analysis
The Chemical Hazard Prediction Model (D2PC) developed by the US Army will play a critical role in the Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program by predicting chemical agent transport and dispersion through the atmosphere after an accidental release. To aid in the analysis of the output calculated by D2PC, this sensitivity analysis was conducted to provide information on model response to a variety of input parameters. The sensitivity analysis focused on six accidental release scenarios involving chemical agents VX, GB, and HD (sulfur mustard). Two categories, corresponding to conservative most likely and worst case meteorological conditions, provided the reference for standard input values. D2PC displayed a wide variety of sensitivity to the various input parameters. The model displayed the greatest overall sensitivity to wind speed, mixing height, and breathing rate. For other input parameters, sensitivity was mixed but generally lower. Sensitivity varied not only with parameter, but also over the range of values input for a single parameter. This information on model response can provide useful data for interpreting D2PC output.
Date:
August 1, 1992
Creator:
Lombardi, D. P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Containment and recovery system for fuel-reprocessing plants
Tritium containment and removal problems in a fuel-reprocessing plant are identified and conceptual process designs for reducing emissions to the environment to below 1 Ci/day are studied. The conceptual design recommended would allow an air atmosphere in the reprocessing-plant hall and would use a continuous-catalytic-oxidizer/molecular-sieve-adsorber cleanup system to maintain a 40-..mu..Ci/m/sup 3/ tritium level (5 ..mu..Ci/m/sup 3/ HTO) against 180 Ci/day leakage from components and process piping.
Date:
August 25, 1976
Creator:
Galloway, T. R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electronic excited states as a probe of surface adsorbate structure and dynamics in liquid xenon
A combination of second harmonic generation (SHG) and a simple dipole-dipole interaction model is presented as a new technique for determining adsorbate geometries on surfaces. The polarization dependence of SHG is used to define possible geometries of the adsorbate about the surface normal. Absorption band shifts using geometry constraints imposed by SHG data are derived for a dimer constructed from two arbitrarily placed monomers on the surface using the dipole-dipole interaction potential. These formulae can be used to determine the orientation of the two monomers relative to each other. A simplified version of this formalism is used to interpret absorption band shifts for rhodamine B adsorbed on fused silica. A brief history of the exciton is given with particular detail to Xe. Data are presented for transient absorption at RT in liquid xenon on the picosecond time scale. These are observations of both tunneling through the barrier that separates the free and trapped exciton states and the subsequent trapping of the exciton. In high densities both of these processes are found to occur within 2 to 6 picoseconds in agreement with theories of Kmiecik and Schreiber and of Martin. A threshold density is observed that separates relaxation via single binary …
Date:
August 1, 1992
Creator:
Peterson, E. S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Resolution of safety issues associated with the storage of high-level radioactive waste at the Hanford Site
A number of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) safety issues have been identified at the Hanford Site in southeastern Washington State. Resolution of these issues is one of the Highest Priorities of the US Department of Energy. The most urgent issues are the potential for explosions in certain tanks (due to periodic venting of large quantities of flammable gases, or the presence of substantial quantities of ferrocyanide and/or organic compounds in combination with nitrates-nitrites). Other safety issues have been identified as well, such as the requirement for periodic water additions to one tank to control its temperature and the release of noxious vapors from a number of tanks. Substantial progress has been made toward safety issue resolution. Potential mechanisms have been identified for the generation, retention and periodic venting of flammable gas mixtures; potential methods for controlling the periodic release behavior have been identified and in-tank testing will be initiated in 1992. Research is being conducted to determine the initiation temperatures, energetics, reaction sequences and effects of catalysts and initiators on ferrocyanide-nitrate/nitrite reactions; waste characterization on a tank-by-tank basis will be required to identify whether ferrocyanide-containing wastes are safe to store as-is or will require further treatment to eliminate safety concerns. …
Date:
August 1, 1992
Creator:
Mellinger, G. B. (Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States)) & Tseng, J. C. (USDOE Assistant Secretary for Environmental Restoration and Waste Management, Washington, DC (United States))
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Rework of multilayer printed wiring board assemblies
Processes of reworking printed wiring assemblies (PWA) built with multilayer printed wiring boards (MLPWB) were investigated. Because of the MLPWBs added thickness and increased heat absorption potential, assemblies built with these boards are suspected of being more susceptible to damage during component removal than assemblies built with single-layer double-sided boards. There also have been questions raised about the effect that rework has on the internal connections of the MLPWBs. A review and limited evaluation of all known rework methods resulted in selecting ''solder wick'' and ''vacuum extraction'' as the two main rework methods for use in the evaluations. The Appendix defines and describes these rework techniques. Two different groups of units, intended to be representative of a wide range of proposed and presently used MLPWB-component configurations, were fabricated and then reworked by variations of these two techniques. Approximately 16,000 internal connections of MLPWBs were subjected to rework. No internal connections became open or degraded. In addition, 80 PTHs with internal connections were subjected to 10 cycles of rework to examine the effect of rework on MLPWB internal connections. Continuity of the internal connections was measured before and after all rework. Even though the rework did cause extensive external damage to …
Date:
August 1, 1976
Creator:
Clement, D. W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Elevated-temperature benchmark tests of simply supported beams and circular plates subjected to time-varying loadings
This report presents the measured elastic-plastic-creep responses of eight simply supported type 304 stainless steel beams and circular plates that were subjected to time-varying loadings at elevated temperature. The tests were performed to provide experimental benchmark problem data suitable for assessing inelastic analysis methods and for validating computer programs. Beams and plates exhibit the essential features of inelastic structural behavior; yet they are relatively simple and the experimental results are generally easy to interpret. The stress fields are largely uniaxial in beams, while multiaxial effects are introduced in plates. The specimens tested were laterally loaded at the center and subjected to either a prescribed load or a center deflection history. The specimens were machined from a common well-characterized heat of material, and all the tests were performed at a temperature of 593/sup 0/C (1100/sup 0/F). Test results are presented in terms of the load and center deflection behaviors, which typify the overall structural behavior. Additional deflection data, as well as strain gage results and mechanical properties data for the beam and plate material, are provided in the appendices.
Date:
August 8, 1977
Creator:
Corum, J. M.; Richardson, M. & Clinard, J. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Molten-salt reactor program. Semiannual progress report for period ending February 29, 1976
Separate abstracts and indexing were prepared for sections dealing with MSBR design and development; chemistry of fuel-salt and coolant-salt systems and analytical methods; materials development; fuel processing for molten-salt reactors; and salt production. (DG)
Date:
August 1, 1976
Creator:
McNeese, L. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Plasma production and flow in ion beams
Space charge neutralization of ion beams results from plasma generated by the beam. The two dimensional flow of plasma to walls surrounding a beam is analyzed to provide spatial distributions. Negative ion beams receive particular attention; the results are applied to electron control in beams subject to post-acceleration.
Date:
August 22, 1977
Creator:
Hooper, Jr. E. B. & Willmann, P. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced waste forms research and development. First quarterly report
Activities during the last two months are described. A significant portion of time was spent reviewing the literature on the Cs/sub 2/O-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-SiO/sub 2/ system, on the use of clays and zeolites for Cs-fixation of aqueous wastes, and on silicate-phosphate apatite structure crystal chemistry. The results from the latest group of compatibility studies (CS-runs) were used to modify the first demonstration supercalcine formulation so that it is more in line with the actual crystalline phase formation. Supercalcine formuation 75-2 is described.
Date:
August 5, 1975
Creator:
McCarthy, G. J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Number systems: cross-reference guide MCS-8 microcomputer. [Decimal binary, octal, and hexidecimal number systems equivalents, and corresponding teletype characters]
This Number System Cross Reference Guide constitutes a ready reference for programing the MCS-8 Microcomputer or designing logic systems. Columns give the number equivalents of decimal, binary, octal, and hexidecimal systems for decimal numbers zero through 255, as well as a corresponding teletype character opposite each row of equivalent numbers. (RWR)
Date:
August 15, 1974
Creator:
Ball, M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Operation of the Hazards Control Calibration Facility neutron generator
The operating procedure for the LLL Hazards Control Calibration and Standards Facility neutron generator is described. The generator is a Texas Nuclear Model 9400, and is located in the Low-Scatter Room. A general description of the generator is included.
Date:
August 4, 1976
Creator:
Elliott, J. H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
ERDA artificial heart program workshop. Final report, September 1, 1975--August 31, 1976
The major conclusions of the ERDA Artificial Heart Program Workshop are that the concept of a biologically compatible mechanical device which can totally replace the heart is sound, that such a device is needed as an alternative to cardiac transplantation and that its development is a realistic goal. The major recommendation of the committee is that an ERDA program with primary orientation toward development of a total heart replacement should continue, with assured funding about 50 percent higher than at present, for a minimum of 3 additional years at which time another major review should take place. To achieve better management of the program it is recommended that the present contract effort be reorganized under one prime contractor with responsibility for development and demonstration of the ERDA artificial heart system. The formation of a joint artificial heart advisory committee to improve coordination between ERDA and NHLI is also recommended. The committee suggests future policies and directions which it believes will lead to more effective use of funds available for specific aspects of the program. These include the nuclear heart source, engine, blood pump, biomaterials and overall system reliability. Possible future goals for the program are also proposed.
Date:
August 1, 1976
Creator:
Kantrowitz, A.; Altieri, F. & Beall, A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaluation of environmental data relating to selected nuclear power plant sites. The Duane Arnold Energy Center site
Analyses were made on 1974-1975 data pertaining to water quality and the use of biocides at the Duane Arnold Energy Center, which began operating in February 1975. The analyses showed no immediate deleterious effects due to plant operations. Although the plant has not been in operation long enough to reveal any long-term deleterious effects, present indications do not lead to a concerned prediction that any are developing. The data utilized, the methods of analysis, and the results obtained are presented in detail along with recommendations for improving the current monitoring techniques.
Date:
August 1, 1976
Creator:
Vaslow, F. & Murarka, I. P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Brookhaven superconducting cable test facility
Construction has started on an outdoor testing station for flexible ac superconducting power transmission cables. It is intended to serve as an intermediate step between laboratory-scale experiments and qualification testing of prototype-scale cables. The permanent equipment includes a 500 W supercritical helium refrigerator using a screw compressor and multistage turbine expanders. Helium storage for 250,000 cu ft of helium at 250 psi is provided. Initially, the cables will be tested in a horizontal cryostat some 250 ft long. High-voltage 60 Hz tests will be performed with the cable in a series resonant mode with a maximum line to ground capability of 240 kV, this is adequate for a 138 kV system design. Impulse testing up to about 650 kV is planned. The cable conductor will be energized by current transformers, initially at about 4 kA and later up to fault levels of 40 kA. The refrigerator is now at the site and testing on a dummy load will commence in the Fall of 1976. The cryostat will be installed in 1977 followed about a year later by the first cable tests.
Date:
August 17, 1976
Creator:
Forsyth, E. B. & Gibbs, R. J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Near-term electric vehicle program: Phase I, final report
A final report is given for an Energy Research and Development Administration effort aimed at a preliminary design of an energy-efficient electric commuter car. An electric-powered passenger vehicle using a regenerative power system was designed to meet the near-term ERDA electric automobile goals. The program objectives were to (1) study the parameters that affect vehicle performance, range, and cost; (2) design an entirely new electric vehicle that meets performance and economic requirements; and (3) define a program to develop this vehicle design for production in the early 1980's. The design and performance features of the preliminary (baseline) electric-powered passenger vehicle design are described, including the baseline power system, system performance, economic analysis, reliability and safety, alternate designs and options, development plan, and conclusions and recommendations. All aspects of the baseline design were defined in sufficient detail to verify performance expectations and system feasibility.
Date:
August 1, 1977
Creator:
Rowlett, B. H. & Murry, R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Improved rigorous upper bounds for transport due to passive advection described by simple models of bounded systems
The work of Krommes and Smith on rigorous upper bounds for the turbulent transport of a passively advected scalar (/ital Ann. Phys./ 177:246 (1987)) is extended in two directions: (1) For their ''reference model,'' improved upper bounds are obtained by utilizing more sophisticated two-time constraints which include the effects of cross-correlations up to fourth order. Numerical solutions of the model stochastic differential equation are also obtained; they show that the new bounds compare quite favorably with the exact results, even at large Reynolds and Kubo numbers. (2) The theory is extended to take account of a finite spatial autocorrelation length L/sub c/. As a reasonably generic example, the problem of particle transport due to statistically specified stochastic magnetic fields in a collisionless turbulent plasma is revisited. A bound is obtained which reduces for small L/sub c/ to the quasilinear limit and for large L/sub c/ to the strong turbulence limit, and which provides a reasonable and rigorous interpolation for intermediate values of L/sub c/. 18 refs., 6 figs.
Date:
August 1, 1988
Creator:
Kim, Chang-Bae & Krommes, J. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Drilling rate changes when air drilling is switched to mist drilling. [Claystone]
Eight shallow (30-foot-deep) holes were drilled in four formations to determine if the reduction in penetration rate that usually occurs when air drilling is changed to mist drilling might be due to the physical action of drilling a wet, soapy rock. The results showed an average loss of 9.3%, with the greatest loss occurring in limestone. The softest formation (claystone) showed only a 1.2% reduction in penetration rate; the two sandstones averaged 10.0-percent loss; and the limestone showed a significant 15.8% loss. This indicates that the loss of penetration rate due to wetting the rock while mist drilling is small but would be significant when drilling a long interval. The findings indicate that when drilling hard rocks at the surface with mist instead of air, a penetration rate loss of approximately 12% (compared to the drilling rate with air) will occur due to the effect of jetting the soapy water through the bit onto the formation being drilled.
Date:
August 1, 1977
Creator:
Williams, C. R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Reactor technology for space electrical power (10 to 100 kWe)
The Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory is studying various reactor power plants for space applications in the range of 10 to 100 kWe to meet space missions in the late 1980's and 1990's. The study is concentrating on a high-temperature, compact, fast reactor that could be coupled with various radiation shielding systems and thermoelectric, thermionic, or dynamic electrical power conversion systems, depending on the mission. Though the study is continuing, this report provides a description of what a typical power plant might contain in the time period and at the power levels of interest.
Date:
August 1, 1977
Creator:
Buden, D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library