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Parametric Study for Large Wind Turbine Blades: WindPACT Blade System Design Studies
This report presents the results of a study of various wind turbine blade design parameters as a function of blade length in the range from 30 meters to 70 meters. The results have been summarized in dimensional and non-dimensional formats to aid in interpretation. The parametric review estimated peak power and annual energy capture for megawatt scale wind turbines with rotors of 62, 83, 104, 125, and 146 meters in diameter. The baseline ''thin'' distribution represents conventional airfoils used in large wind turbine blades. The ''thicker'' and ''thickest'' distributions utilize airfoils that have significantly increased thickness to improve structural performance and reduce weight. An aerodynamic scaling effort was undertaken in parallel with the structural analysis work to evaluate the effect of extreme thickness on aerodynamic characteristics. Increased airfoil section thickness appears to be a key tool in limiting blade weight and cost growth with scale. Thickened and truncated trailing edges in the inboard region provide strong, positive effects on blade structural performance. Larger blades may require higher tip speeds combined with reduced blade solidity to limit growth of design loads. A slender blade can be used to reduce extreme design loads when the rotor is parked, but requires a higher …
Date:
August 1, 2002
Creator:
ASHWILL, THOMAS D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Infiltration Heat Recovery in Building Walls: Computational Fluid Dynamics Investigations Results
Conventional calculations of heating (and cooling) loads for buildings assume that conduction heat loss (or gain) through walls is independent of air infiltration heat loss (or gain). During passage through the building envelope, infiltrating air substantially exchanges heat wall insulation leading to partial recovery of heat conducted through the wall. The Infiltration Heat Recovery (IHR) factor was introduced to quantify the heat recovery and correct the conventional calculations. In this study, Computational Fluid Dynamics was used to calculate infiltration heat recovery under a range of idealized conditions, specifically to understand factors that influence it, and assess its significance in building heat load calculations. This study shows for the first time the important effect of the external boundary layers on conduction and infiltration heat loads. Results show (under the idealized conditions studied here) that (1) the interior details of the wall encountered in the leakage pa th (i.e., insulated or empty walls) do not greatly influence the IHR, the overall relative location of the cracks (i.e., inlet and outlet locations on the wall) has the largest influence on the IHR magnitude, (2) external boundary layers on the walls substantially contribute to IHR and (3) the relative error in heat load calculations …
Date:
August 5, 2002
Creator:
Abadie, Marc O.; Finlayson, Elizabeth U. & Gadgil, Ashok J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electricity: The Road Toward Restructuring
The Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 (PUHCA) and the Federal Power Act (FPA) were enacted to eliminate unfair practices and other abuses by electricity and gas holding companies by requiring federal control and regulation of interstate public utility holding companies. Comprehensive energy legislation has passed the House and Senate. The House passed H.R. 6 on April 11, 2003. On July 31, 2003, the Senate suspended debate on S. 14, inserted the text of H.R. 4 (107th Congress) as a substitute, and passed H.R. 6. A conference agreement was reached November 17, 2003, and passed by the House the next day. H.R. 6 includes an electricity title that would, in part, repeal PUHCA, would prospectively repeal the mandatory purchase requirement under PURPA, and would create an electric reliability organization. On June 15, 2004, H.R. 4503, a comprehensive energy policy bill, passed the House.
Date:
August 22, 2002
Creator:
Abel, Amy & Parker, Larry
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Study of the Relationship Between the Levels of Self-Awareness within Students Enrolled in Counseling Practicum and the Measurements of Their Counseling Effectiveness
Counselor self-awareness is considered an important aspect of counseling effectiveness according to the American Counseling Association and the American Psychological Association and in numerous studies and articles within the counseling literature. With the effort to improve the effectiveness of counseling practicum students comes the need to understand the relationship between effectiveness ratings and the levels of counselor self-awareness. Gestalt Therapy literature, and the development of the Personal Orientation Inventory (Shostrom, 1963) provided the working definition of self-awareness in this study. Research and evaluation are means for improving the correlation between students' characteristics in counselor training programs and their effectiveness as perceived by faculty and doctoral supervisors. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of practicum students' ages and their levels of self-awareness upon counseling effectiveness as measured by faculty and doctoral supervisors in a university clinic setting. Twenty-nine students who were enrolled in four practicum classes were administered the Personal Orientation Instrument. Four faculty supervisors and eight doctoral supervisors were administered the Counselor Effectiveness Rating Scale (Myrick & Kelley, 1971). The instruments were administered in the tenth week of the counseling practicum semester. Analyses of the data revealed a statistically significant interaction between the older practicum students' …
Date:
August 2002
Creator:
Abney, Paul C.
Object Type:
Thesis or Dissertation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Computer Generated Reduced Iso-Octane Chemical Kinetic Mechanism Applied to Simulation of HCCI Combustion
This paper shows how a computer can systematically remove non-essential chemical reactions from a large chemical kinetic mechanism. The computer removes the reactions based upon a single solution using a detailed mechanism. The resulting reduced chemical mechanism produces similar numerical predictions significantly faster than predictions that use the detailed mechanism. Specifically, a reduced chemical kinetics mechanism for iso-octane has been derived from a detailed mechanism by eliminating unimportant reaction steps and species. The reduced mechanism has been developed for the specific purpose of fast and accurate prediction of ignition timing in an HCCI engine. The reduced mechanism contains 199 species and 383 reactions, while the detailed mechanism contains 859 species and 3606 reactions. Both mechanisms have been used in numerical simulation of HCCI combustion. The simulations show that the reduced mechanism predicts pressure traces and heat release with good accuracy, similar to the accuracy obtained with the detailed mechanism. As may be expected, emissions of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide are not as well predicted with the reduced mechanism as with the detailed mechanism, since the reduced mechanism was targeted for predicting HCCI ignition and not HC and CO emissions. Considering that the reduced mechanism requires about 25 times less computational …
Date:
August 12, 2002
Creator:
Aceves, S. M.; Martinez-Frias, J.; Flowers, D.; Smith, J. R.; Dibble, R. & Chen, J. Y.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Detailed Analysis and Control Issues of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI)
Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a new combustion technology that may develop as an alternative to diesel engines with high efficiency and low NOx and particulate matter emissions. This paper describes the HCCI research activities being currently pursued at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and at the University of California Berkeley. Current activities include analysis as well as experimental work.
Date:
August 25, 2002
Creator:
Aceves, Salvador M.; Flowers, Daniel L.; Martinez-Frias, Joel; Espinosa-Loza, Francisco & Dibble, Robert
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
University Press (Beaumont, Tex.), Vol. 79, No. 1, Ed. 1 Wednesday, August 28, 2002
Semiweekly newspaper from Lamar University in Beaumont, Texas that includes local, national, and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
August 28, 2002
Creator:
Achilles, Jenny
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
New Crystalline Materials for Nonlinear Frequency Conversion, Electro-Optic Modulation, and Mid-Infrared Gain Media
New crystalline materials were investigated for applications in frequency conversion of near-infrared wavelengths and as gain media for tunable mid-infrared solid-state lasers. GaCa{sub 4}O(BO{sub 3}){sub 3} (GdCOB), YCa{sub 4}O(BO{sub 3}){sub 3} (YCOB), LaCa{sub 4}O(BO{sub 3}){sub 3} (LaCOB), and Gd{sub 0.275}Y{sub 0.725}Ca{sub 4}O(BO{sub 3}){sub 3} were characterized for frequency conversion of 1 {micro}m lasers. For type I doubling at 1064 nm, LaCOB, GdCOB, and YCOB were found to have effective coupling coefficients (d{sub eff}) of 0.52 {+-} 0.05, 0.78 {+-} 0.06, and 1.12 {+-} 0.07 pm/V, respectively. LaCOB was measured to have angular and thermal sensitivities of 1224 {+-} 184 (cm-rad){sup -1} and < 0.10 (cm-{sup o}C){sup -1}, respectively. The effective coupling coefficient for type II noncritically phasematched (NCPM) doubling at 1064 nm in Gd{sub 0.275}Y{sub 0.725}Ca{sub 4}O(BO{sub 3}){sub 3} was measured to be 0.37 {+-} 0.04 pm/V. We predict LaCOB to have a type I NCPM fundamental wavelength of 1042 {+-} 1.5 nm. Due to its low angular and thermal sensitivities for doubling near 1047 nm, LaCOB has potential for frequency doubling of high-average power Nd:LiYF{sub 4} and Yb:Sr{sub 5}(P0{sub 4}){sub 3}F lasers. LaCOB, GdCOB, and YCOB were also investigated for optical parametric oscillator applications and we determined that they …
Date:
August 9, 2002
Creator:
Adams, J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ensemble: 2002-08-29 – Adkins String Ensemble
Ensemble performance at the UNT College of Music Winspear Hall.
Date:
August 29, 2002
Creator:
Adkins String Ensemble
Object Type:
Sound
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nucleon Compton Scattering with Two Space-Like Photons
We calculate two-photon exchange effects for elastic electron-proton scattering at high momentum transfers. The corresponding nucleon Compton amplitude is defined by two space-like virtual photons that appear to have significant virtualities. We make predictions for (a) a single-spin beam asymmetry, and (b) a single-spin target asymmetry or recoil proton polarization caused by an unpolarized electron beam.
Date:
August 1, 2002
Creator:
Afanasev, Andrei; Akushevich, I. & Merenkov, N.P.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Probing the gateway to superheavy nuclei in cranked relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory.
The cranked relativistic Hartree+Bogoliubov theory has been applied for a systematic study of the nuclei around {sup 264}No, the heaviest nuclei for which detailed spectroscopic data are available. The deformation, rotational response, pairing correlations, quasi-particle and other properties of these nuclei have been studied with different relativistic mean field (RMF) parametrizations. For the first time, the quasi-particle spectra of odd deformed nuclei have been calculated in a fully self-consistent way within the framework of the RMF theory. The energies of the spherical subshells, from which active deformed states of these nuclei emerge, are described with an accuracy better than 0.5 MeV for most of the subshells with the NL1 and NL3 parametrizations. However, for a few subshells the discrepancy reach 0.7-1.0 MeV. The implications of these results for the study of superheavy nuclei are discussed.
Date:
August 29, 2002
Creator:
Afanasjev, A. V.; Khoo, T. L.; Frauendorf, S.; Lalazissis, G. A. & Ahmad, I.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Eastern Statesman (Wilburton, Okla.), Vol. 81, No. 1, Ed. 1 Sunday, August 11, 2002
Biweekly student newspaper from Eastern Oklahoma State College in Wilburton, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
August 11, 2002
Creator:
Agent, Alicia & Cunningham, Terren
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Eastern Statesman (Wilburton, Okla.), Vol. 81, No. 2, Ed. 1 Monday, August 26, 2002
Biweekly student newspaper from Eastern Oklahoma State College in Wilburton, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
August 26, 2002
Creator:
Agent, Alicia & Cunningham, Terren
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Contactless Technique for Measuring Minority-Carrier Parameters in Silicon
Characterization of minority-carrier parameters is a primary interest for a range of devices, including solar cells. For 'on-line' testing needs, contactless techniques are mandatory, as any diagnostic requiring contact formation is impractical. Here, we will describe the resonance-coupled photoconductive decay (RCPCD) technique that has proven to be a valuable diagnostic for a number of semiconductor technologies. This technique avoids some of the inherent limitations of microwave reflection. Our system is a pump-probe technique, using an optical pump and a microwave probe (400 to 900 MHz). These low frequency microwaves penetrate most silicon wafers with common doping levels. By varying the optical excitation wavelength, one can probe wafers of standard (300 to 400 {micro}m) wafer thickness. Also, the method is very linear in sample photoconductivity, and we have observed a linear response over more than three orders of magnitude of excess carrier concentration. This attribute allows us to measure the carrier recombination lifetime over many decades of injection level, allowing the use of a procedure that is called injection-level spectroscopy (ILS). The RCPCD technique was developed [1,2,3,4,5,6] at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and has been applied to more than 5000 samples, ranging from small-area thin films to 350-{micro}m-thick, 250-mm-diameter …
Date:
August 1, 2002
Creator:
Ahrenkiel, R. K. & Johnston, S. W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Transnational Organized Crime and the Drug Business
This study analyzes the activities of the organized crime groups involved in the drug business, as well as examining national and international efforts to control these groups. Specifically, this study addresses the following questions: How is organized crime connected to the international drug business?; What are the major transnational organized crime groups involved in the international drug business?; What is the nature of the drug problem as it relates to organized crime internationally?; What international cooperative law enforcement efforts currently exist to deal with organized crime and the drug business? Findings indicate that efforts to create an effective international law enforcement network are needed to meet the challenges of drug trafficking and globalized crime. To date, such efforts have largely been unsuccessful.
Date:
August 2002
Creator:
Aksakal, Baris
Object Type:
Thesis or Dissertation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Metadata Approach to Preservation of Digital Resources: The University of North Texas Libraries' Experience
Article discussing metadata approaches to preservation of digital resources and the experiences of the University of North Texas (UNT) Libraries.
Date:
August 5, 2002
Creator:
Alemneh, Daniel Gelaw; Hastings, Samantha Kelly & Hartman, Cathy Nelson
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Higher temperature reactor materials workshop sponsored by the Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy, Science, and Technology (NE) and the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES).
On March 18-21, 2002, the Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, Science, and Technology (NE) and the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) sponsored a workshop to identify needs and opportunities for materials research aimed at performance improvements of structural materials in higher temperature reactors. The workshop focused discussion around the reactor concepts proposed as part of the Generation IV Nuclear Energy System Roadmap. The goal of the Generation IV initiative is to make revolutionary improvements in nuclear energy system design in the areas of sustainability, economics, safety and reliability. The Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems Roadmap working groups have identified operation at higher temperature as an important step in improving economic performance and providing a means for nuclear energy to support thermochemical production of hydrogen. However, the move to higher operating temperatures will require the development and qualification of advanced materials to perform in the more challenging environment. As part of the process of developing advanced materials for these reactor concepts, a fundamental understanding of materials behavior must be established and the data-base defining critical performance limitations of these materials under irradiation must be developed. This workshop reviewed potential reactor designs and operating regimes, potential materials for application …
Date:
August 12, 2002
Creator:
Allen, T.; Bruemmer, S.; Kassner, M.; Odette, R.; Stoller, R.; Was, G. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
ANL/CRIEPI collaborative program for evaluation of irradiated EBR-II stainless steels.
The objective of this collaboration between Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) and the Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI) is to evaluate the effects of long-term, low-dose neutron exposure on the mechanical properties, dimensional stability, and associated microstructural changes of reactor structural materials. ANL believes that material data obtained from components irradiated in EBR-II provide valuable information that is useful for LWR plant life extension. CRIEPI is currently conducting research on many aspects of materials aging of LWR components including irradiation damage. Therefore, ANL and CRIEPI have decided to perform the following joint work, which is of interest to both laboratories and continues the collaborative relationship between the two labs. The program was initiated in February of 1999. Samples were taken from two separate subassemblies, designated S1951 and S1952. These subassemblies were constructed of 20% cold-worked Type 316 stainless steel. The samples from these subassemblies were irradiated at temperatures from 371-390 C to doses up to 56 dpa. The examinations in this program included: immersion density, microhardness, microstructure, and tensile properties. The material history, test plan, results of measurements, and discussion of results are included in this report.
Date:
August 19, 2002
Creator:
Allen, T.; Cole, J.; Tsai, H.; Jensen, R.; Bunde, K.; Ohta, J. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Improved Austenitic Steels for Power Plant Applications
Using alloy design principles, an austenitic alloy, with base composition of Fe-16Cr-16Ni-2Mn-1Mo (in weight percent, wt%), was formulated to which up to 5 wt% Si and/or Al were added specifically to improve the oxidation resistance. Cyclic oxidation tests were carried out in air at 700 and 800 C for 1000 hours. For comparison, Fe-18Cr-8Ni type-304 stainless steel alloys was also tested. The results showed that at 700 C, all the alloys were twice as oxidation resistant as the type-304 alloy (i.e., the experimental alloys showed weight gains about half that of type-304). Surprisingly, at 800 C, alloys that contained both Al and Si additions were less oxidation resistant than the type-304 alloy. However, alloys containing only Si additions were significantly more oxidation resistant than the type 304 alloys (i.e., showed weight gains 4 times less than the type-304 alloy). Further, alloys with only Si additions pre-oxidized at 800 C, showed zero weight gain in subsequent testing for 1000 hours at 700 C. This implies the potential for producing in-situ protective coating for these alloys. Preliminary exposure tests (1%H2S at 700 C for 360 hrs) indicated that the Si-modified alloys are more sulfidation resistant than type-304 alloy. The mechanical properties of …
Date:
August 6, 2002
Creator:
Alman, David E.; Dunning, John S.; Schrems, Karol K.; Rawers, James C.; Wilson, Rick D.; Hawk, Jeffrey A. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Membership of the 107th Congress: A Profile
None
Date:
August 1, 2002
Creator:
Amer, Mildred L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Final report (September, 1999--February, 2002) [Public outreach and information dissemination - cellulosic and corn-based ethanol outreach project]
EESI's ''Ethanol, Climate Protection, Oil Reduction'' (ECO) electr[on]ic newsletter reaches out to the environmental and agricultural communities, state/local government officials and other interested parties, and provides a forum for dialogue about ''the potential benefits of ethanol--and particularly the expanded opportunities provided by cellulosic ethanol--with a special focus on climate protection.'' Each issue features expert commentary, excerpts from recent studies about ethanol, a summary of current government activity on ethanol, and ''notable quotables.'' The newsletter is distributed primarily via email and is also posted on EESI's web site. EESI also conducts outreach on the benefits of ethanol and other biofuels by attending and speaking at conferences, meetings and workshops around the country. The 16 issues of the newsletter published through December 2001 are included as attachments.
Date:
August 1, 2002
Creator:
Ames, Jeremy & Werner, Carol
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Dynamic Agent Population in Agent-Based Distance Vector Routing
This paper discusses dynamic agent population in agent-based distance vector routing.
Date:
August 2002
Creator:
Amin, Kaizar A. & Mikler, Armin R.
Object Type:
Paper
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of Novel Polymeric Materials for Gene Therapy and pH-Sensitive Drug Delivery: Modeling, Synthesis, Characterization, and Analysis
The underlying theme of this thesis is the use of polymeric materials in bioapplications. Chapters 2-5 either develop a fundamental understanding of current materials used for bioapplications or establish protocols and procedures used in characterizing and synthesizing novel materials. In chapters 6 and 7 these principles and procedures are applied to the development of materials to be used for gene therapy and drug delivery. Chapter one is an introduction to the ideas that will be necessary to understand the subsequent chapters, as well as a literature review of these topics. Chapter two is a paper that has been published in the ''Journal of Controlled Release'' that examines the mechanism of drug release from a polymer gel, as well as experimental design suggestions for the evaluation of water soluble drug delivery systems. Chapter three is a paper that has been published in the ''Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences'' that discusses the effect ionic salts have on properties of the polymer systems examined in chapter two. Chapter four is a paper published in the Materials Research Society Fall 2000 Symposium Series dealing with the design and synthesis of a pH-sensitive polymeric drug delivery device. Chapter five is a paper that has been published …
Date:
August 27, 2002
Creator:
Anderson, Brian Curtis
Object Type:
Thesis or Dissertation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Design of Wrapper Integration Within the DataFoundry Bioinformatics Application
The DataFoundry bioinformatics application was designed to enable scientists to directly interact with large datasets, gathered from multiple remote data sources, through a graphical, interactive interface. Gathering information from multiple data sources, integrating that data, and providing an interface to the accumulated data is non-trivial. Advanced techniques are required to develop a solution that adequately completes this task. One possible solution to this problem involves the use of specialized information access programs that are able to access information and transmute that information to a form usable by a single application. These information access programs, called wrappers, were decided to be the most appropriate way to extend the DataFoundry bioinformatics application to support data integration from multiple sources. By adding wrapper support into the DataFoundry application, it is hoped that this system will be able to provide a single access point to bioinformatics data for scientists. We describe some of the computer science concepts, design, and the implementation of adding wrapper support into the DataFoundry bioinformatics application, and then discuss issues of performance.
Date:
August 20, 2002
Creator:
Anderson, J & Critchlow, T
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library