Radian Corporation and the North Dakota Mining and Mineral Resources Research Institute (MMRRI) are funded to develop information to be used by private industry and government agencies for managing solid waste produced by advanced coal processes. This information will be developed by conducting several field studies on disposed wastes from these processes. Data will be collected to characterize these wastes and their interactions with the environments in which they are disposed. The first two tasks of this project involve the development of test plans. Through July of 1988 we have developed a generic test design manual, detailed test procedures manual, and test plans for three sites. Task three, field studies, will be initiated as soon as final site access is obtained and the facilities producing the waste are fully operational.

The report was prepared in response to a request from the Administrator of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Administration (VA) Coordination (CIRRPC) to provide guidelines to the VA with respect to the questions ``...for what levels of radiation exposure, if any, the radioepidemiological tables can be used credibly in the rule-making we are conducting pursuant to Public Law 98-542`` and ``...whether CIRRPC`s views in this regard vary with the type of cancer involved and whether use of the NIH tables for certain cancers may be more justifiable than for other cancers.`` The report prepared by the Science Subpanel on Radioepidemiological Tables and approved by the CIRRPC Science Panel answers these questions by listing those cancers both considered to be radiogenic in the NIH Report and to be applicable to veterans and by providing, for these cancers, radiation doses that allow the VA to exclude from further consideration those claims having ``no reasonable possibility`` (a VA stated criteria) of merit. The report provides important scientific information which can be used as part of the evidence for evaluating, along with other evidence, claims not eliminated by the screening procedure.

A single batch of dissolver solution from the twelfth Rocky Flats Scrub Alloy (RFSA) campaign has been analyzed for chloride content following head end treatment to reduce its concentration. Scrub alloy buttons were dissolved in Tank 6.4D during July. In subsequent head end processing, chloride was precipitated with mercurous ion added as the nitrate. The precipitate, Hg{sub 2}Cl{sub 2}, was co-removed with the gelatin floc via centrifugation. Duplicate samples from Tank 11.2, containing the head end product, produced excellent agreement between their density measurements and acid analyses, indicating them to be truly representative of the tank`s contents. Duplicate aliquots from each of these solutions were analyzed using the turbidimetric chloride method developed in the Separations Technology Laboratory. These resulted in an average chloride value of 53 ppm ({micro}g/mL) chloride for the head end product. Relative standard deviation of the measurement was {+-}6 ppm (n = 4), a precision of {+-}11%. Such a variance is normal at this low chloride level. Since initial chloride values prior to head end averaged 1365 ppm (0.0385M), as analyzed by Laboratories Department, a chloride DF of approximately 26 was obtained. Such a reduced chloride level (to less than 100 ppm) in the treated solution will …

The shielding estimates for the Electron and Positron Linacs and the Booster Synchrotron, contained in the 1987 Conceptual Design Report (CDR) of the APS (ANL-87-15), have been reviewed and recalculated, along with newly initiated calculations of the required shielding for the addition of a Positron Accumulator Ring (PAR). Several new assumptions with respect to beam intensity, projected losses in the system, and assumed operational time have been incorporated into the calculations. Details of the previous calculations, which describe the methodology used, may be found in APS Light Source Note LS-90.

This note will address a proposed method for specifying the multipole tolerance for the design and production of APS quadrupole magnets. The tolerances for the multipole components for the quadrupole magnets will be set to that level which reduces the dynamic aperture by about 10--15% from the ideal machine dynamic aperture (as specified in CDR-87). This level may appear rather stringent, especially compared to the 50--60% reduction resulting from quad placement errors. However, when all tolerances are taken together, the residual dynamic aperture would be prohibitively small and commissioning would be difficult if these tolerances were at twice this level. The dynamic aperture was determined using the numerical tracking program RACETRACK.

The Separations Technology Laboratory has prepared four sources to be used for calibrating a waste assay system (Passive/Active Neutron Assay) in Building 724-8G (Burial Ground). The four sources contain 0.5, 0.1, 0.05, and 0.01 grams Pu{sup 239}, respectively. The sources were prepared using aliquots from a single solution provided by the Quality Control (QC) group of Laboratories Department. The solution contained weapons-grade plutonium dissolved in nitric acid. Final solution acidity was 3M. Coulometry had been used to obtain a total plutonium content per unit volume. The weight percent of the plutonium isotopes present was obtained via mass spectrometry.

In the storage ring of the 7 GeV Advanced Photon Source, there are 480 vacuum-chamber end flanges and 80 tube welded joints, accounting for a total of 560 full-penetration weldments. This note is to give an estimation of the longitudinal and transverse losses contributed by these weldments. For this purpose, the elliptical cross-section of the structure is approximated by a circular one. The 2D code TBCI is then employed to calculate the losses for three different beam bunch lengths, which are, respectively, 0.58, 1.16 and 1.76 cm. As a comparison, the losses of the RF cavities and of the transitions between beam chamber and insertion device (ID) sections are also listed. It is seen that the losses contributed by the weldments are very small. They should not have any significant effects on beam dynamics.

In preparation for the Aladdin experiments, I will give an analytic treatment of a third-integral resonance. By starting from the equations for an actual ring, we can then connect the analytic parameters with the real ring.

This report summarizes results of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) evaluations on waste packages designed for containment of radioactive high-level nuclear waste (HLW). The waste package is a proposed engineered barrier that is part of a permanent repository for HLW. Metal alloys are the principal barriers within the engineered system. Since enactment of the Budget Reconciliation Act for Fiscal Year 1988, the Yucca Mountain, Nevada, site (in which tuff is the geologic medium) is the only site that will be characterized for use as high-level nuclear waste repository. During the reporting period of August 1987 to January 1988, five reviews were completed for tuff, and these were grouped into the categories: ferrous alloys, copper, groundwater chemistry, and glass. Two issues are identified for the Yucca Mountain site: the approach used to calculate corrosion rates for ferrous alloys, and crevice corrosion was observed in a copper-nickel alloy. Plutonium can form pseudo-colloids that may facilitate transport. NBS work related to the vitrification of HLW borosilicate glass at the West Valley Demonstration Project (WVDP) and the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) and activities of the DOE Materials Characterization Center (MCC) for the 6-month reporting period are also included. 27 refs., 3 figs.

This is the fifth Annual Report to Congress by the Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM). The report covers the activities and expenditures of OCRWM during fiscal year 1987, which ended on September 30, 1987. The activities and accomplishments of OCRWM during fiscal year 1987 are discussed in chapters 1 through 9 of this report. The audited financial statements of the Nuclear Waste Fund are provided in chapter 10. Since the close of the fiscal year, a number of significant events have occurred. Foremost among them was the passage of the Nuclear Waste Policy Amendments Act of 1987 (Amendments Act) on December 21, 1987, nearly 3 months after the end of the fiscal year covered by this report. As a result, some of the plans and activities discussed in chapters 1 through 9 are currently undergoing significant change or are being discontinued. Most prominent among the provisions of the Amendments Act is the designation of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, as the only candidate first repository site to be characterized. Therefore, the site characterization plans for Deaf Smith, Texas, and Hanford, Washington, discussed in chapter 3, will not be issued. The refocusing of the waste management program under the Amendments Act …

During the past year, the main emphasis in this research program has been on multiphoton ionization spectroscopy of aromatic clusters. This is being pursued in addition to continuing work in areas of ion dip spectroscopy and ion fragmentation spectroscopy. The program has the overall objective of developing improved ultrasensitive molecular detection methods based on multiphoton laser spectroscopy. Photoionization techniques are employed due to their extreme sensitivity combined with mass selectivity. The combination of these two features has led to the current capability to study molecular clusters of specific sizes with high spectral resolution. Clusters are formed in abundance in a supersonic expansion, where they are excited and ionized by an ultraviolet laser beam. The studies reported here are principally based on simple resonant excitation of clusters, followed by one-photon ionization. For the naphthalene clusters, a single laser wavelength suffices for both excitation steps. Additional investigations have been carried out to measure excited state cluster ionization spectra and cluster ion fragmentation spectra. Results from these measurements are not yet sufficiently advanced to report in detail, however the preliminary data support the importance of recently proposed new fundamental ionization mechanisms in clusters. This brief report summarizes results described in more detail in …

Under the subject contract, Unidynamics/Phoenix recorded the ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectra of 50 samples supplied by LANL. A Varian Cary 2300 series spectrophotometer produced the spectral data. The spectrophotometer was interfaced to a Varian D5-15 Data Station, and hard copies of data were made. Baseline corrections throughout the wavelength range were established using Halon as a reference material. Corrected measurements were automatically made by the system on every sample. Two types of sample holders were tried. Before collecting data on the LANL samples, identical samples of PETN were examined using both holders.

It has been well documented that summer heat islands increase the demand for air conditioning. Several studies have suggested developing guidelines to mitigate this negative effect, on both micro- and meso-scales. Reducing summer heat islands saves cooling energy, reduces peak demand, and reduces the emission of CO{sub 2} from electric power plants. This paper summarizes some of the efforts to quantify the effects of techniques to reduce heat islands. In particular, the authors summarize simulations they have made on the effects of plating trees and switching to light colored surfaces in cities. The results indicate that these techniques effectively reduce building cooling loads and peak power in selected US cities, and are the cheapest way to save energy and reduce CO{sub 2} emissions. This paper compares the economics of technologies to mitigate summer heat islands with other types of conservation measures. The authors estimate the cost of energy conserved by planting trees and recoating surfaces on a national level and compare it with the cost of energy conserved by increasing efficiencies in electrical appliances and cars. Early results indicate that the cost of energy saved by controlling heat islands is less than 1{cents}/kWh, more attractive than efficient electric appliances ({approximately} …

The goal of this research is to develop catalysts that directly convert methane and light hydrocarbons to intermediates that later can be converted to either liquid fuels or value-added chemicals, as economics dictate. During this reporting period, much of our effort focused on investigating the stability of the methane reforming catalysts (Task 2) with respect to storage time. Many of these catalysts demonstrated lessened activity when they were reexamined up to 18 months after they ere first synthesized and tested. We also synthesized and tested two new phthalocyanines supported on magnesia (MgO) for examination in the methane oxidation reaction. We reexamined many of the hexaruthenium and tetraruthenium clusters which had been supported on zeolite Y, zeolite 5A, alumina or magnesia. These reexaminations were conducted at relatively slow flow rates (15 ml/min), since previous studies had shown that the lower flow rates maximized the conversion of methane in this reaction. In every case, the catalyst exhibited diminished activity compared to the earlier runs. In addition, the selectivity of the catalysts changed as well; relatively less C{sub 2} and no C{sub 6} was observed in the reactions conducted during this reporting period. In the previous technical report we reported that palladium tetrasulfophthalocyanine …

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The installation of flow restricting orifices in both the nitrogen gas and instrument air supply lines in the D-Zero Building limits the flow available to the various users. These orifices are strategically positioned along the lines such that no one user can monopolize the gas supply and deprive others of their flow required to operate. Provided that the necessary orifice plates are machined in a manner similar to that of the prototypes, the orifices for the various lines were sized using the discharge coefficient for the round edge orifice because the calculated values were in good agreement with the empirically obtained values for this case. The final calculated orifice diameters for the round edge, sharp edge, and short tube cases are listed in Table 2.

A heat exchanger is necessary to warm the gaseous nitrogen from the nitrogen dewar from 77 K to ambient temperature for use in the D-Zero Building. The original proposal would use an ambient air vaporizer, but further investigation led to the consideration and evaluation of other possibilities and a different final system. The vaporizer must be able to handle a flow rate of 1200 scfh at 30 psig on a continuous basis subject to local weather conditions. Upon consulting with a representative from Thermax Incorporated, So. Dartmouth, Massachusetts, four different heat exchanging systems were proposed. Their advantages and disadvantages are stated.

The cost of structural components in a large superconducting coil may well exceed the coil and cryostat cost. As a result, the idea of constructing a system composed of two different coil types assembled in such a way that the forces balance and reduce the total structural requirement is oft proposed. A suitable geometry has never been found for the fundamental reason that there can be no force compensated solution. In this paper, the general problem is presented and an analysis of the energy stored and stresses produced in the structure are described in a fundamental way. Finally, the relation between structural mass M and stored energy E, M {ge} {rho}E/{sigma}{sub w}, that is valid for all, magnetic systems is developed, where {rho} is the density of the structure and {sigma}{sub w} is the working stress in the structure.

In accoradnce with the ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31 version of Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping, ANSI/ASME B31.3-1984 Edition, the maximum allowable stress for 304 stainless steel piping is 25,500 psi. This 'Allowable Displacement Stress Range' value was calculated using equation (1a) found on page 16 of the above mentioned reference. Each of the lines that comprise the End Cap Calorimeter (BC) piping were modeled on ANSYS and the appropriate constraints were applied. This was done using the Piping Stress Analysis Module of ANSYS. The bending stresses and displacements due to the thermal contraction that occurs in cooling the piping from 300 K to 77 K were calculated by ANSYS. The seven lines involved and their maximum bending stresses are as follows: (1) Rupture Disc - Maximum bending stress is 8335 psi; (2) Argon Relief - Maximum bending stress is 12,619 psi; (3) Gaseous Argon Supply - Maximum bending stress is 5399 psi; (4) Liquid Nitrogen Cooldown Supply - Maximum bending stress is 7049 psi; (5) Liquid Nitrogen Operating Supply - Maximum bending stress is 5774 psi; (6) Nitrogen Exhaust - Maximum bending stress is 1826 psi; and (7) Argon/Nitrogen Vent - Maximum bending stress is 48,364 psi. …

This engineering note describes a test fill of the 4-inch x 6-inch rotary bayonet test fixture with LN{sub 2}. This test verifies the operation of valves on the fixture, and checks for proper construction/insulation. Further cold testing is imminent (with rotation and moment loading of the bayonet) after proper construction is verified and the test fixture is accepted. While this test fixture is a pressure vessel (4-inch), it does not require special safety treatment because it is under 6-inch in diameter. Flow capacity calculations were done to insure that the relief valve chosen would be capable of handling fire/loss of vacuum conditions. The D-Zero Safety Committee Chairman was notified of this testing.

A current to pressure (I/P) transducer will be used in the D-Zero piping system. The transducer is necessary to precisely control the control valve positioners located at the argon and nitrogen dewars. A 4-20 rnA signal will come from the PLC function of the TI565. This electric signal must be converted by the transducer to a pneumatic signal of 3-15 psi which will position the actuator. By doing this, the valve can be opened or closed to any adjusted amount from the control room or a remote I/P controller. A total of 9 transducers will be used at the dewars. The nitrogen dewar will have 3 that are located outside and will have to be weatherproof. The argon dewar will have 6, located inside, that will have to be explosion proof or intrinsically safe.

This report quantifies certain characteristics of the rotary bayonets and associated platform piping on the DO detector. The Vacuum Jacketed 4-inch x 6-inch and 1.5-inch x 3-inch and the 4-inch and 6-inch vacuum pipe articulating jumpers are considered here. The values of greatest importance are the forces required at the bayonet moment arms given in Table II and the stresses summarized in Table III. The forces required should be noted and checked that they are acceptable to the problem. The maximum bending stresses of the vacuum pipes do not exceed 1000 psi and are essentially negligible. The 4-inch x 6-inch vacuum jacketed line experiences the maximum bending stress of 10,300 psi. According to code B31.1, the maximum allowable bending stress is 25,500 psi. The major sources of error in these calculations should be summarized. First, all weights used were approximations and all lengths used were scaled from drawings. Second, while the FRAME MAC{trademark} models resemble the vacuum pipe articulating jumpers, they are definitely simplified. For instance, they do not account for the different stiffnesses of the unions. Finally, the bayonets in the ANSYS models consist of an outer jacket and an inner pipe fixed together at the end of the …

This report addresses the definitions of tems used in intrabeans scattering computation and tracking studies.

Report dedicated to Acceleration of Pb Ions in the CERN SPS