This selected bibliography lists articles and books on various issues concerning legislation to limit Federal spending and proposed constitutional amendments requiring a balanced budget, especially economic issues. The bibliography focuses mainly on literature of recent years.

Women have become an integral part of the armed forces, but several issues remain. One is whether to reduce, maintain, or expand the number of women in the services as the total forces are being reduced. A second question is to what extent women should continue to be excluded from some combat positions by policy. A third question is whether or not women should be included if the draft is reinstated? Would national security be jeopardized or enhanced by increasing reliance on women in the armed forces? Should women have equal opportunities and responsibilities in national defense? Or do role and physical differences between the sexes, the protection of future generations, and other social norms require limiting the assignments of women in the armed forces? Opinion in the United States is deeply divided on the fundamental issues involved.

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This report provides basic firearms-related issues and a summary of legislative action.

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This report discusses the leasing of energy and mineral resources on federal lands. Leasing of energy minerals has been an issue of varying intensity for most of the past century, as oil, gas, and coal became indispensable commodities in both U.S. and world commerce.

This report provides a brief side-by-side comparison of Civil Service Retirement and Social Security benefits.

The purpose of this report is to provide statistical data on the actual number of businesses that are filing for bankruptcy or ceasing operations. Tabular data of both a historical and current nature concerning business failures and bankruptcies is provided.

An assessment by the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) of "the Nation's ability to use models more efficiently and effectively analyze and solve our water resource problems" (p. iii).

A report by the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) that "examines the potential financial and managerial barriers to carrying out-at some future date-a large-scale program to create a new high-speed, long-range commercial air transport employing new technology" (p. iii).

A report by the Office of Technology Assessment that "describes the major processes degrading land productivity, assesses whether productivity is sustaining using current agricultural technologies, reviews a range of new technologies with potentials to maintain productivity and profitability simultaneously, and presents a series of options for congressional consideration" (p. iii).

A study by the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) that looks at how "advances in technology and increased competition in the communications marketplace will significantly affect USPS finances, service levels, and labor force requirements over the next two decades" (p. xi).

A report by the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) that examines the January 1982 plan by the National Airspace System (NAS), which "attempts to integrate the various improvements into a single long-range program that addresses major shortcomings and reduces costs of the current system" (p. 3).

Report issued by the National Bureau of Standards over investigations of construction failure in Cocoa Beach, Florida. Factors for the construction failure are discussed. This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.

A computer code, FCUP, developed by A. Craft computes currents of recoil protons from a time- and energy-dependent neutron flux striking a CH{sub 2} foil. Three problem areas need to be addressed to extend the code`s usefulness. First, FCUP computes a response that is not time dependent; that is, only the input time bin is broadened to account for the finite time distribution of protons from a single neutron energy; second, the time coordinate of the signal predicted is translated arbitrarily rather than absolutely relative to the time of maximum neutron production in the source; and third, the code does not account for electron pickup by protons at low proton energies in the target and absorber foils. This report describes the changes in calculational method used to overcome these problems.

Quarterly report discussing fuel cell research and development work at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). This report describes efforts directed toward (1) improving understanding of component behavior in molten carbonate fuel cells and (2) developing alternative concepts for components. The principal focus has been on the development of sintered y-LiAIO2 electrolyte supports, stable NiO cathodes, and hydrogen diffusion barriers. Cell tests were performed to assess diffusion barriers and to study cathode voltage relaxation following current interruption.

This physics assessment is based on roughly 300 control rod worth measurements in ZPPR from 1972 to 1981. All ZPPR assemblies simulated mixed-oxide LMFBRs, representing sizes of 350, 700, and 900 MWe. Control rod worth measurements included single rods, various combinations of rods, and tantalum and europium rods. Additional measurements studied variations in B4C enrichment, rod interaction effects, variations in rod geometry, neutron streaming in sodium-filled channels, and axial worth profiles. Analyses were done with design-equivalent methods, using ENDF/B Version IV data. Some computations for the sensitivities to approximations in the methods have been included. Comparisons of these analyses with the experiments have allowed the status of control rod physics in the US to be clearly defined.

JAKEF is a compiler that accepts as data a single or double precision FORTRAN subroutine program defining an objective function F(x) or a vector function f(x) and produces as output a single or double precision FORTRAN program defining the gradient of F(x) or the Jacobian of f(x).

Report discussing safeguards for liquid-metal fast breeder reactors (LMFBFRs) and their fuel handling systems.

Each of these samples was analyzed using automated, scanning x-ray diffractometry. The blue vanadium surface was run in the as-received condition, while a new method of sample preparation was used for the scale. This new method involved (1) grinding the sample in a conventional fashion, (2) mixing the sample with collodion to form a castable slurry, (3) pouring and spreading the mixture on a taut, clean sheet of plastic film, and (4) then covering the resultant sample with a second plastic film layer to form a sandwich-type assembly. Only a few milligrams of sample are needed for this procedure, and the resultant data is much more accurate than that obtained by the previously-used Debye-Scherrer technique. The phase analysis for this sample finds vanadium as the major constituent and minor constituents of V{sub 2}C and a surface contaminant, PuO{sub 2}.

Data from the second exchange of dosimeters from the Climax Spent Fuel Test Facility were evaluated for gamma-ray and neutron exposures. The data followed the previous trend of significant disagreement between the various exposures derived from measurements of different absorption peaks. The effects of temperature during irradiation were investigated and shown to be the major, if not the only, cause of the differences observed and commented on in the previous data collected last year. New data concerning irradiation temperature can be used to eliminate from consideration any neutron-caused effects, of at least a gross magnitude, at the Climax facility. Corrected data taking into account the effects of temperature during irradiation are provided for last year`s data as well as for the current year. The gamma-ray data show an overall decline in integrated dose, as expected from decay considerations. The neutron data are less consistent, with some apparent spectral shifts with time. The 247-nm and 374-nm absorption peaks in LiF chips can provide dosimetry coverage from 10{sup 4} to 10{sup 8} rads-LiF. Calibration data at 25 to 30{sup 0}C have verified that the dosimetry system is essentially temperature-independent over this range. The neutron fluence at the facility is small but measurable, …

The Climax ground water fails to match the commonly held views regarding the nature of deep granitic ground waters. It is neither dilute nor in equilibrium with the granite. Ground-water samples were taken for chemical analysis from five sites in the fractured Climax granite at the Nevada Test Site. The waters are high in total dissolved solids (1200 to 2160 mg/L) and rich in sodium (56 to 250 mg/L), calcium (114 to 283 mg/L) and sulfate (325 to 1060 mg/L). Two of the samples contained relatively high amounts of uranium (1.8 and 18.5 mg/L), whereas the other three contained uranium below the level of detection (< 0.1 mg/L). The pH is in the neutral range (7.3 to 8.2). The differences in composition between samples (as seen in the wide range of values for the major constituents and total dissolved solids) suggest the samples came from different, independent fracture systems. However, the apparent trend of increasing sodium with depth at the expense of calcium and magnesium suggests a common evolutionary chemical process, if not an interconnected system. The waters appear to be less oxidizing with depth (+ 410 mV at 420 m below the surface vs + 86 mV at 565 …

This report provides an engineering performance and cost correlations from which user could estimate costs of mitigating principal emissions from geothermal power systems. Hydrogen sulfide abatement describes four processes; Iron catalyst, Stretford, EIC, and Dow oxygenation process. Wastewater treatments include: Chemical precipitation, Evaporation ponds, Injection without pretreatment, and Injection with pretreatment. Process and cost estimates are given for Best Case, Most Probable Case, and Worst Case 50 MWe power plant. The cases may be confusing since the worst case has the lowest resource temperature, but the highest loads to mitigate. (DJE 2005)