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Comparison of site evaluation methods (open access)

Comparison of site evaluation methods

This report presents results of tests of different final site selection methods used for siting large-scale facilities such as nuclear power plants. Test data are adapted from a nuclear power plant siting study conducted on Long Island, New York. The purpose of the tests is to determine whether or not different final site selection methods produce different results, and to obtain some understanding of the nature of any differences found. Decision rules and weighting methods are included. Decision rules tested are Weighting Summation, Power Law, Decision Analysis, Goal Programming, and Goal Attainment; weighting methods tested are Categorization, Ranking, Rating Ratio Estimation, Metfessel Allocation, Indifferent Tradeoff, Decision Analysis lottery, and Global Evaluation. Results show that different methods can, indeed, produce different results, but that the probability that they will do so is controlled by the structure of differences among the sites being evaluated. Differences in weights and suitability scores attributable to methods have reduced significance if the alternatives include one or two sites that are superior to all others in many attributes. The more tradeoffs there are among good and bad levels of different attributes at different sites, the more important are the specifics of methods to the final decision. 5 …
Date: August 1, 1979
Creator: Rowe, M. D. & Pierce, B. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Ocean Thermal Energy Conservation (OTEC) power system development (PDS) II. Preliminary design report (open access)

Ocean Thermal Energy Conservation (OTEC) power system development (PDS) II. Preliminary design report

This report documents the results and conclusions of the PDS II, Phase I, preliminary design of a 10 MWe OTEC power system, using enhanced plate type heat exchangers, and of representative 0.2 MWe test articles. It further provides the documentation (specifications, drawings, trade studies, etc.) resulting from the design activities. The data and discussions of the technical concepts are organized to respond to the PDS II, Phase II proposal evaluation criteria. This volume, which specifically addresses the three evaluation categories (heat exchangers, rotating machinery, and power system configuration and performance) is an integral part of the Phase II plans (proposal) which describe the technical approach to delivering test articles to OTEC-1. In addition, there is a section which addresses power system cost and net energy analysis and another which discusses the results of stainless steel feasibility studies. Supporting documentation is contained in two appendix volumes.
Date: August 10, 1979
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Potential for energy conservaton in the metal forming industries. Progress report, July 1, 1978-August 15, 1979 (open access)

Potential for energy conservaton in the metal forming industries. Progress report, July 1, 1978-August 15, 1979

Reduced energy consumption and improved product attributes are realizable benefits that are achievable through the adoption of optimal metal forming techniques. With the meteoric rise in energy costs, certain segments of the metal forming industries have accelerated their efforts in switching from energy intensive manufacturing techniques, e.g., casting, to metal forming, and, furthermore, from hot forming and machined components to cold forming, notably the automotive industry. The first year results of a two year study that will identify and document potential energy and cost savings associated with the adoption of low energy consumption techniques are presented. When compared with techniques requiring energy for hot forming, heat treatments, and excess or scrap material, the utilizaton of alternative metal forming processes offer considerable promise for energy savings. Descriptions of savings achieved by a combination of analytical methods and imaginative new processes are provided in the form of specific industrial case studies. The elimination of defects through the use of an analytical criteria for the prevention of the central burst is presented. Such available criteria for central burst serve as a justification for the desirability to develop criteria for the prevention of fishskin and other defects. Other savings which may be possible through …
Date: August 1, 1979
Creator: Avitzur, B.; Beidleman, C. R. & Smackey, B. M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Impact of RCRA on coal gasification wastes (open access)

Impact of RCRA on coal gasification wastes

Coal conversion processes offer the potential for almost every possible mode of environmental contamination. Potential environmental pollution will occur from huge streams of wastewater, scores of gaseous vents and enormous quantities of solid materials. The nature of the waste streams is of particular concern in view of the recently enacted Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The passage and implementation of RCRA poses new levels of control for the traditional solid waste disposal process and establishes a new set of material standards for hazardous wastes in which conforming materials will require even more stringent controls. Key definitions in the Act which may pertain to coal gasification wastes include hazardous waste, sludge and solid waste. It is the goal of this report to collect, analyze, and interpret data and other technical information relevant to solid waste by-product generation, handling, and disposal at existing and future coal conversion plants. The analysis and interpretation of the collected data has been directed towards identifying gaps in the data, potential problem areas in solid waste disposal in view of RCRA, and needed research activities in the area of solid waste disposal.
Date: August 1, 1979
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Code manual for passive solar design single family residential construction (open access)

Code manual for passive solar design single family residential construction

General information is presented on types of passive solar techniques and a method for estimating passive solar performance. Important codes and standards are described, each description listing the items in the code which could have a potential impact on a passive solar design and analyzing the effect of the code on the use of such techniques. State and local codes and code agencies are summarized. The local summary contains the name of a contact in the enforcement agency to whom specific questions may be addressed. The requirements to file for a building permit are given briefly. (LEW)
Date: August 1, 1979
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Energy study of railroad freight transportation. Volume 2. Industry description (open access)

Energy study of railroad freight transportation. Volume 2. Industry description

The United States railroad industry plays a key role in transporting materials to support our industrial economy. One of the oldest industries in the US, the railroads have developed over 150 years into their present physical and operational configuration. Energy conservation proposals to change industry facilities, equipment, or operating practices must be evaluated in terms of their cost impact. A current, comprehensive and accurate data baseline of railroad economic activity and energy consumption is presented. Descriptions of the history of railroad construction in the US and current equipment, facilities, and operation practices follow. Economic models that relate cost and energy of railroad service to the volume of railroad output and to physical and operational parameters are provided. The analyses and descriptions should provide not only an analytical baseline for evaluating the impact of proposed conservation measures, but they should also provide a measure of understanding of the system and its operations to analysts and policy makers who are involved in proposing, analyzing, and implementing such changes.
Date: August 1979
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Energy study of railroad freight transportation. Volume 4. Efficiency improvements and industry future (open access)

Energy study of railroad freight transportation. Volume 4. Efficiency improvements and industry future

Railroad equipment and operating practices were largely developed in an era during which the price of fuel was a relatively minor part of the cost of railroad operations; however, fuel has now become a scarce and expensive resource. Although many opportunities exist for installing new equipment and operating practices that will result in fuel conservation, cost and market factors can promote or retard the rate at which changes are adopted, and only limited technology may be available for use in conservation applications. Conservation opportunities are identified and potential technological and operational improvements are described that can be introduced; the process of introducing new technology in the railroad industry is analyzed; the future of the railroad industry is assessed; and research and development that will contribute to the adoption of energy conservation equipment or processes in the industry are identified.
Date: August 1979
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Estimate of the coupling impedance for the storage rings of the NSLS (open access)

Estimate of the coupling impedance for the storage rings of the NSLS

The most important ingredient to evaluate the stability of a particle beam in a storage ring is the longitudinal coupling impedance Z/n and the transverse impedance Z/sub perpendicular/ which is usually associated to the former. These impedances are calculated for the two storage rings which are part of the NSLS, namely the Ultra Violet Ring (UVR) and the X-Ray Ring (XRR)-the parameters for these two rings which are used throughout the paper are shown.
Date: August 1, 1979
Creator: Ruggiero, A. G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
El Centro Geothermal Utility Core Field Experiment environmental-impact report and environmental assessment (open access)

El Centro Geothermal Utility Core Field Experiment environmental-impact report and environmental assessment

The City of El Centro is proposing the development of a geothermal energy utility core field experiment to demonstrate the engineering and economic feasibility of utilizing moderate temperature geothermal heat, on a pilot scale, for space cooling, space heating, and domestic hot water. The proposed facility is located on part of a 2.48 acre (1 hectare) parcel owned in fee by the City in the southeastern sector of El Centro in Imperial County, California. Geothermal fluid at an anticipated temperature of about 250/sup 0/F (121/sup 0/C) will heat a secondary fluid (water) which will be utilized directly or processed through an absorption chiller, to provide space conditioning and water heating for the El Centro Community Center, a public recreational facility located approximately one-half mile north of the proposed well site. The geothermal production well will be drilled to 8500 feet (2590m) and an injection well to 4000 feet (1220m) at the industrially designated City property. Once all relevant permits are obtained it is estimated that site preparation, facility construction, the completion and testing of both wells would be finished in approximately 26 weeks. The environmental impacts are described.
Date: August 1, 1979
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Model predictions and a summary of dry deposition velocity data (open access)

Model predictions and a summary of dry deposition velocity data

Literature values of independent measurements of dry deposition velocities are summarized as a function of particle diameter and gas speciation. In most of the experiments reported in the literature, there are uncertainties that have hindered the development of general predictive deposition velocity models. However, one model (Sehmel and Hodgson, 1978) offers a more useful approach for predicting particle dry deposition velocities as a function of particle diameter, friction velocity, aerodynamic surface roughness, and particle density.
Date: August 1, 1979
Creator: Sehmel, G.A.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) power system development (PSD) II. Preliminary design report. Appendix I: specifications and drawings (open access)

Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) power system development (PSD) II. Preliminary design report. Appendix I: specifications and drawings

This volume contains the specifications and drawings prepared in support of the preliminary design of a 10MWe OTEC power system using enhanced plate type heat exchangers. Included are: (1) the specification tree; (2) system specification; (3) 10 MWe heat exchangers; (4) nitrogen storage, conditioning and supply subsystem specification; (5) ammonia storage, conditioning and supply specification; (6) electrical power distribution and control subsystem specification; (7) equipment valves, instruments and live lists and specifications; (8) drawing tree; (9) drawing package; and (10) 0.2 MWe test articles procurement specifications. (WHK)
Date: August 10, 1979
Creator: Pearson, R.O.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Influence of phase boundaries on photo-induced electron transfer reactions. Final report, July 1, 1977-August 31, 1979 (open access)

Influence of phase boundaries on photo-induced electron transfer reactions. Final report, July 1, 1977-August 31, 1979

A summary is presented of results of research which was conducted on bipyridyl complexes of ruthenium, with the objective of storing visible light energy. The research covered analytical techniques, synthesis, properties of Ru complexes in monolayers and micelles, and luminescence quenching. 23 references. (DLC)
Date: August 1, 1979
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Energy study of rail passenger transportation. Volume 1. Executive summary (open access)

Energy study of rail passenger transportation. Volume 1. Executive summary

The results and conclusions of the study by SRI treats the following topics: physical assets and services of rail passenger systems; energy demands and intensities; roles of local institutions; the industry future; and the role of the Federal government. Data reported were collected in 1976 and 1977, and in most cases, cover calendar year 1975.
Date: August 1979
Creator: Henderson, Clark
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Industrial Fuel Gas Demonstration-Plant Program. Volume II. The environment (Deliverable No. 27). [Baseline environmental data] (open access)

Industrial Fuel Gas Demonstration-Plant Program. Volume II. The environment (Deliverable No. 27). [Baseline environmental data]

The proposed site of the Industrial Fuel Gas Demonstration Plant (IFGDP) is located on a small peninsula extending eastward into Lake McKeller from the south shore. The peninsula is located west-southwest of the City of Memphis near the confluence of Lake McKeller and the Mississippi River. The environmental setting of this site and the region around this site is reported in terms of physical, biological, and human descriptions. Within the physical description, this report divides the environmental setting into sections on physiography, geology, hydrology, water quality, climatology, air quality, and ambient noise. The biological description is divided into sections on aquatic and terrestrial ecology. Finally, the human environment description is reported in sections on land use, demography, socioeconomics, culture, and visual features. This section concludes with a discussion of physical environmental constraints.
Date: August 1, 1979
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Conceptual design of a large Spectral Shift Controlled Reactor (open access)

Conceptual design of a large Spectral Shift Controlled Reactor

Within the framework of the Nonproliferation Alternative Systems Assessment Program (NASAP), the US Department of Energy (DOE) has sponsored the development of a conceptual design of a large Spectral Shift Controlled Reactor (SSCR). The results are presented of the development program, and the performance of the conceptual SSCR is assessed on the basis of fuel resource utilization and total power costs. The point of departure of the design study was a 1270 MW(e) PWR using Combustion Engineering's System 80 reactor and Stone and Webster's Reference Plant Design. The initial phase of the study consisted of establishing an optimal core design for both the once-through uranium cycle and the denatured U-235/thorium cycle with uranium recycle. The performance of the SSCR was then also assessed for the denatured U-233/thorium cycle with uranium recycle and for the plutonium/thorium cycle with plutonium recycle. After the optimal core design was established, the design of the NSSS and balance of plant was developed.
Date: August 1, 1979
Creator: Matzie, R A & Menzel, G P
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) power system development (PSD) II. Preliminary design report. Appendix II: supporting data (open access)

Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) power system development (PSD) II. Preliminary design report. Appendix II: supporting data

The trade studies, calculations, and reports which provide the rationale for design conclusions for the 10 MWe OTEC power system are presented in this volume. These appendices include: (1) system design and optimization model; (2) system off-design performance computer model; (3) seawater system dynamics; (4) system mechanical design studies; (5) electrical design studies; (6) structural design studies; (7) tube cleaner design report and proposed brush test program; (8) heat exchangers: mechanical design; (9) heat exchangers: thermal hydraulic computer model; (10) heat exchangers: manufacturing flow plan; (11) heat exchangers: installation and removal procedures; (12) heat exchangers: stainless steel conceptual design; (13) heat exchangers: cost studies; (14)heat exchangers: materials selection and corrosion; and (15) heat exchangers: quality assurance. (WHK)
Date: August 10, 1979
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Energy study of railroad freight transportation. Volume 1. Executive summary (open access)

Energy study of railroad freight transportation. Volume 1. Executive summary

The railroad industry plays a vital role in transporting goods, raw materials, and food necessary to the well being of the population and necessary to facilitate the operations of our industrial economy. Because of the vital part that the railroad industry plays in the economy and because of its ability to move goods with relatively small amounts of fuel, the US ERDA embarked on a study to determine the role of the Federal government in promoting conservation in the industry and in freight movements in general. Toward this final objective, the study compiled a description of the railroad industry, its structure, equipment, facilities, economics, and energy consumption; compiled a description of the regulation of the industry and considered ways in which the regulation has affected fuel consumption by the railroads; and analyzed candidates for fuel efficiency improvement and evaluated them on the basis of economics and the likelihood of their adoption by industry. A description of the industry, an analysis of energy consumption by the industry, a discussion of mechanisms for evaluating efficiency improvement proposals, a description and evaluation of conservation efficiency improvement proposals, a description and evaluation of conservation opportunities, and a discussion of recommended activities are included.
Date: August 1979
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Gas reactor international coope--ative program. Interim report: assessment of gas-cooled reactor economics (open access)

Gas reactor international coope--ative program. Interim report: assessment of gas-cooled reactor economics

A computer analysis of domestic economic incentive is presented. Included are the sample computer data set for ten combinations of reprocessing and reactor assumptions; basic data set and computer output; higher uranium availability computer output; 50 percent higher GCR fabrication cost computer output; 50 percent higher GCR reprocessing cost computer output; year 1990 and year 2000 GCR introduction scenario computer outputs; 75 percent perceived capacity factor for PBR computer output; and capital cost of GCRs 1.2 times that of LWRs.
Date: August 1, 1979
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Materials program plan for inertial confinement fusion (open access)

Materials program plan for inertial confinement fusion

The effect of the irradiation environment on the microstructure of materials is studied. A major part of the initial activity in this area will be aimed toward evaluating the importance of pulse effects on microstructural development. The development effort that is necessary to cope with the high cycle loading of the first wall structure is studied. The loading pulses are expected to range from 1 to 20 per second (3 x 10/sup 7/ to 6 x 10/sup 8//year), thus creating a high cycle fatigue problem for any long-lived first wall structure. The interrelationship between specimen and component testing is a major issue in this section. Static mechanical property requirements are also considered here. Lithium compatibility is treated. The final section integrates the conclusions reached in the body of the report into a unified strategy that suggests a particular effort level to support major program milestones.
Date: August 1, 1979
Creator: Garde, A.; Hall, B. O.; Harkness, S. D.; Maiya, P. S.; Rechtin, M. D. & Li, C. Y.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Energy studies of rail passenger transportation. Volume 3. Institutions (open access)

Energy studies of rail passenger transportation. Volume 3. Institutions

The institutional structures of most rail passenger systems have undergone major changes during the past decade because of the decline in private ownership and control and the increase in responsibilities of numerous public agencies - both long established and newly created. These shifts in ownership and control are described and some of the institution-related problems that Federal agencies may encounter in planning and executing future programs for energy conservation in rail passenger transportation are discussed. The principal private companies and public agencies participating in rail passenger transportation are briefly discussed.
Date: August 1, 1979
Creator: Henderson, C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Energy study of automated guideway transit (AGT) systems (open access)

Energy study of automated guideway transit (AGT) systems

Automated guideway transit systems provide passenger transportation on exclusive guideways in vehicles without operators. An energy study of 6 AGT systems was made for the Seattle-Tacoma International Airport; Tampa International Airport; Busch Gardens, Wiliamsburg, Virginia; Fairland Town Center, Dearborne, Michigan; Dallas-Fort Worth Regional Airport; and West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virinia. Selected physical, operating, and economic characteristics of the systems; services rendered; direct, indirect, and capital energy demands; and energy intensities are described.
Date: August 1979
Creator: Henderson, Clark; Cronin, Robert H. & Ellis, Hazel T.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
In-reactor fatigue crack propagation (open access)

In-reactor fatigue crack propagation

An in-reactor fatigue experiment is being designed to determine the effect of dynamic irradiation on the fatigue crack propagation (FCP) behavior of candidate fusion first wall materials. This investigation has been prompted by studies which show gross differences in crack growth characteristics of creep rupture specimens testing by postirradiation versus dynamic in-reactor methods. The experiment utilizes miniature center-cracked-tension specimens developed specifically for in-reactor studies. In the test, a chain of eight specimens, precracked to various initial crack lengths, is stressed during irradiation to determine crack growth rate as a function of stress intensity. Load levels were chosen which result in small crack growth rates encompassing a regime of the crack growth curve not previously investigated during irradiation studies of FCP. The test will be conducted on 20% cold worked 316 stainless steel at a temperature of 425/sup 0/C, in a sodium environment, and at a frequency of 1 cycle/min. Irradiation will occur in the Oak Ridge Research Reactor, resulting in a He/dpa ratio similar to that expected at the first wall in a fusion reactor. Detailed design of the experiment is presented, along with crack growth data obtained from prototypic testing of the experimental apparatus. These results are compared to …
Date: August 1, 1979
Creator: Ermi, A. M.; Mervyn, D. A. & Straalsund, J. L.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Models for Calculation of Dissociation Energies of Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules (open access)

Models for Calculation of Dissociation Energies of Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules

The variation of known dissociation energies of the transition metal diatomics across the Periodic Table is rather irregular like the bulk sublimation enthalpy, suggesting that the valence-bond model for bulk metallic systems might be applicable to the gaseous diatomic molecules and the various intermediate clusters. Available dissociation energies were converted to valence-state bonding energies considering various degrees of promotion to optimize the bonding. The degree of promotion of electrons to increase the number of bonding electrons is smaller than for the bulk, but the trends in bonding energy parallel the behavior found for the bulk metals. Thus using the established trends in bonding energies for the bulk elements, it was possible to calculate all unknown dissociation energies to provide a complete table of dissociation energies for all M/sub 2/ molecules from H/sub 2/ to Lr/sub 2/. For solids such as Mg, Al, Si and most of the transition metals, large promotion energies are offset by strong bonding between the valence state atoms. The main question is whether bonding in the diatomics is adequate to sustain extensive promotion. The most extreme example for which a considerable difference would be expected between the bulk and the diatomics would be that of the …
Date: August 1, 1979
Creator: Brewer, L. & Winn, J. S.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Industrial Fuel Gas Demonstration Plant Program. Volume III. Demonstration plant environmental analysis (Deliverable No. 27) (open access)

Industrial Fuel Gas Demonstration Plant Program. Volume III. Demonstration plant environmental analysis (Deliverable No. 27)

An Environmental Report on the Memphis Light, Gas and Water Division Industrial Fuel Demonstration Plant was prepared for submission to the US Department of Energy under Contract ET-77-C-01-2582. This document is Volume III of a three-volume Environmental Report. Volume I consists of the Summary, Introduction and the Description of the Proposed Action. Volume II consists of the Description of the Existing Environment. Volume III contains the Environmental Impacts of the Proposed Action, Mitigating Measures and Alternatives to the Proposed Action.
Date: August 1, 1979
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library