Energy security, a major driver of federal renewable energy programs in the past came back into play as oil and gas prices rose late in the year 2000. The terrorist attack in 2001 and the Iraq war has led to heightened concern about energy security, energy infrastructure vulnerability, and the need for alternative fuels. Further, the 2001 electricity shortages in California, the northeast-midwest blackout of 2003, and continuing high natural gas prices have brought a new emphasis to the the role that renewable energy may play in producing electricity, displacing fossil fuel use, and curbing demand for power transmission equipment.

This report includes information regarding Pakistan. Information including historical background, Pakistan and U.S. relations, and U.S. aid to Pakistan is detailed in this report.

This report includes information related to energy efficiency, including history, various bills and budgets, and conservation. Climate change and energy security related to energy efficiency are also discussed in this report.