The reactor design which forms the base for the current economic status of D/sub 2/O-moderated reactors was estimated from developments in several reactor programs. However, since a heavy water-moderated reactor was not operated on natural U fuel at power reactor conditions, considerable improvement from this current status can be foreseen. A summary of improvements is presented concerning the concept which would result solely from operation of succeeding generation plants without a parallel development program, and improvements which would result from the successful completion of the development program as presented. One plant size was used in the evaluation of plant potential, with a 300 Mw/sub e/ nominal rating. The boiling D/sub 2/O-cooled, pressure tube direct cycle plant design was used. The current development program is outlined; this work includes several items leading to the long-range development of the concept. (auth)

An evaluation of 300- and 100-Mwe power plants was conducted using ground rules prescribed by the USAEC for this study. Costs corresponding to two average discharged fuel burnups are: 8.6 mills/kwh (8500 Mwd/ metric ton) and 8.8 mills/kwh (7500 Mwd/metric ton) for the 300-Mw plant. Costs for the 100 Mw plant are 14.7 mills/kwh for an average discharged fuel burnup of 6010 Mwd/metric ton. Estimates of future potential indicate that the 300 Mw/sub 3/ (8500 Mwd/metric ton) plant could produce power for 7.3 mills/kwh in a second generation, full scale plant of the same type. A further reduction to 6.4 mills/kwh should be possible as the result of the recommended ten-year development program. The current development program is adequate for providing the data needed to design and construct a prototype reactor. However, there is no natural U-fueled prototype and no prototype of the chosen reference design scheduled in the U.S. Current technology is sufficiently developed to initiate the design and construction of a pressure tube, boiling D/sub 2/Ocooled, natural UO/sub 2/- fueled reactor prototype plant in the immediate future. This plant would demonstrate the main features of a full scale plant and, in addition. would provide design data which could …

AMAX Research Development Center (AMAX R D) has been investigating methods for enhancing the reactivity and durability of the zinc ferrite desulfurization sorbent. Zinc ferrite sorbents are intended for use in desulfurization of hot coal gas in integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) or molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) applications. For the present program, the reactivity of the sorbent may be defined as its sulfur sorption capacity at the breakthrough point and at saturation in a bench-scale, fixed-bed reactor. Durability may be defined as the ability of the sorbent to maintain important physical characteristics such As size, strength, and specific surface area during 10 cycles of sulfidation and oxidation.

A preliminary winding pack design was performed with the goal of showing feasibility of producing 10-T maximum field with a pack current density of 40 A.mm/sup -2/ while accepting 2.7 kW per coil nuclear heating. A cable-in-conduit conductor design (CIC), reported at the 6th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy, was based on several key issues.

A model has been created of the explosive vaporization of small droplets by the absorption of energy from a high energy laser beam. The model consists of a polarizable drop of fluid interacting with laser radiation. A criterion for the explosion of the droplet has been introduced. Selfsimilarity is invoked to reduce the spherically symmetric problem involving hydrodynamics and Maxwell's equations to simple quadrature. Experimental evidence in favor of the model is cited.

The effects of flux surface shape on the gyrokinetic stability and transport of tokamak plasmas are studied using the GS2 code [M. Kotschenreuther, G. Rewoldt, and W.M. Tang, Comput. Phys. Commun. 88, 128 (1995); W. Dorland, F. Jenko, M. Kotschenreuther, and B.N. Rogers, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 5579 (2000)]. Studies of the scaling of nonlinear turbulence with shaping parameters are performed using analytic equilibria based on interpolations of representative shapes of the Joint European Torus (JET) [P.H. Rebut and B.E. Keen, Fusion Technol. 11, 13 (1987)]. High shaping is found to be a stabilizing influence on both the linear ion-temperature-gradient (ITG) instability and the nonlinear ITG turbulence. For the parameter regime studied here, a scaling of the heat flux with elongation of χ ∼ ℵ-1.5 or ℵ-2.0, depending on the triangularity, is observed at fixed average temperature gradient. While this is not as strong as empirical elongation scalings, it is also found that high shaping results in a larger Dimits upshift of the nonlinear critical temperature gradient due to an enhancement of the Rosenbluth-Hinton residual zonal flows.

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This report summarizes the preliminary results of a durability analysis performed by SIMCO Technologies Inc. to assess the effects of contacting saltstone Vaults 1/4 and Disposal Unit 2 concretes with highly alkaline solutions containing high concentrations of dissolved sulfate. The STADIUM{reg_sign} code and data from two surrogate concretes which are similar to the Vaults 1/4 and Disposal Unit 2 concretes were used in the preliminary durability analysis. Simulation results for these surrogate concrete mixes are provided in this report. The STADIUM{reg_sign} code will be re-run using transport properties measured for the SRS Vaults 1/4 and Disposal Unit 2 concrete samples after SIMCO personnel complete characterization testing on samples of these materials. Simulation results which utilize properties measured for samples of Vaults 1/4 and Disposal Unit 2 concretes will be provided in Revision 1 of this report after property data become available. The modeling performed to date provided the following information on two concrete mixes that will be used to support the Saltstone PA: (1) Relationship between the rate of advancement of the sulfate front (depth of sulfate ion penetration into the concrete) and the rate of change of the concrete permeability and diffusivity. (2) Relationship between the sulfate ion concentration …

We have developed a monolithic radiation pixel detector using silicon on insulator (SOI) with a commercial 0.15 {micro}m fully-depleted-SOI technology and a Czochralski high resistivity silicon substrate in place of a handle wafer. The SOI TEG (Test Element Group) chips with a size of 2.5 x 2.5 mm{sup 2} consisting of 20 x 20 {micro}m{sup 2} pixels have been designed and manufactured. Performance tests with a laser light illumination and a {beta} ray radioactive source indicate successful operation of the detector. We also briefly discuss the back gate effect as well as the simulation study.

The Tandem Mirror Experiment uses Ti-15% Ta getter wire for sublimation in the vacuum chambers in which the magnets are located. These wires have failed prematurely in service, resulting in increased costs and downtime. We have used optical metallography to show that the reason for these failures was the cycling of the material through the alpha-beta transition temperature, causing alpha-titanium precipitation at the grain boundaries, depression of the melting temperatures of those boundaries, and the subsequent melting of those boundaries in areas where the wires had achieved localized higher temperatures.

The spectrum-dependent zero dimensional depletion code, LEOPARD, was modified to permit a study of uranium-232 buildup in pressurized (PWR) and boiling water reactors (BWR). The results of the study showed good agreement with comparable calculations performed by Westinghouse for PWRs but poor agreement with General Electric calculations for BWRs. Differences noted were attributed to the nuclear cross section data and, in the case of the BWR results, the method of calculation. This study indicates that even at the high burnups projected for current light water reactor fuels, the discharged fuels do not reach concentrations of U-232 in excess of the current gaseous diffusion plant feed specification of 110 ppB (U-232/U-235) provided the fuel charged to the reactor is free of thorium and U-236 and that the reactor achieves a reasonable load factor. However, the U-232 concentration in reactor fuel increases between the time it is discharged from the reactor and the time it is reprocessed. After about two years of storage the U-232 concentration reaches the 110 ppB limit. The following conditions were shown to cause the U-232 concentration in reactor fuel at discharge to exceed the current GDP feed specification: a fuel loading with in excess of 88 ppB …

Before specific test prototypes were developed, six potential evaporative roof cooling configurations with alternative storage and heat transfer mechanisms were examined, and preliminary cost estimates were made. Each system uses a wet roof system which sprays or floods the roof, allowing evaporative heat transfer to the environment. Finite difference thermal network methods were used for the evaluation of the systems. Detailed results including charts of the hourly heat flows during particular days are presented, and the performance is summarized for Las Vegas. (LEW)

The objective of this test is to establish that scavenging of first-cycle wastes in the Bismuth Phosphate Plant will give a supernatant liquor, after the precipitate settles, that may be routinely cribbed. This test will also perform the functions: establish an effective scavenging procedure, shakedown the pH monitor, and train operational personnel. This document discusses test procedures and results.

It is anticipated that by employing high temperature, high pressure air to inject fuel into the combustion chamber of a diesel engine, the combustion process can be improved significantly. Better combustion should lead to better fuel economy, lower emissions of nitrogen oxides and unburnt hydrocarbons, less smoke, less noxious odors, reduced noise, less vibrations, increased power per unit weight of the engine, improved cold starting capability and engine operation with a wider range of fuels. The program involves development, design, fabrication and breadboard testing of an air assisted fuel injector for a single cylinder diesel engine. The experiments are to be guided by an analytical combustion study based on a stochastic model of turbulent mixing with chemical reactions. Progress is reported. (WHK)

The reliability of the emergency ac-power systems typical of several nuclear power plants was estimated, the costs of several possible improvements was estimated. Fault trees were constructed based on a detailed design review of the emergency ac-power systems of 18 nuclear plants. The failure probabilities used in the fault trees were calculated from extensive historical data collected from Licensee Event Reports (LERs) and from operating experience information obtained from nuclear plant licensees. It was found that there are not one or two improvements that can be made at all plants to significantly increase the industry-average emergency ac-power-system reliability, but the improvements are varied and plant-specific. Estimates of the improvements in reliability and the associated cost are estimated using plant-specific designs and failure probabilities.

This report describes the direct essential material requirements for processing a standard run through the precipitation separations process in effect on August 1, 1954. Flow sheet conditions are based on a starting maximum batch size of 300 grams of product at a uranium irradiation level of 215 MWD/ton. The essential material requirements are those used to process with 2.5 grams of Bismuth per liter in Extraction, First Decontamination Cycle volumes at 56% of the September 1, 1946 standard, and Second Decontamination Cycle through the Lanthanum Fluoride Product Precipitation volumes at 49% of this standard.

The Safety Analysis and Engineering Services Group has performed a survey of the Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) technical capabilities, skills, and experience in Decontamination and Decommissioning (D&D) activities. The goal of this survey is to enhance the integration of the SRTC capabilities with the technical needs of the Environmental Restoration Department D&D program and the DOE Office of Technology Development through the Integrated Demonstration Program. This survey has identified technical capabilities, skills, and experience in the following D&D areas: Characterization, Decontamination, Dismantlement, Material Disposal, Remote Systems, and support on Safety Technology for D&D. This review demonstrates the depth and wealth of technical capability resident in the SRTC in relation to these activities, and the unique qualifications of the SRTC to supply technical support in the area of DOE facility D&D. Additional details on specific technologies and applications to D&D will be made available on request.

Tube 1794-C was removed from the pile as a leaker on July 15, 1954. The tube had been in-pile since startup and had contained a charge of 32 ``C`` metal slugs just prior to discharge. The tube was slit and examined at the 105-DR underwater viewing facility by Pile Coolant Studies tube examination personnel. A report is made of the examination of tube 1794-C which revealed areas of severe pitting damage. This damage was apparently caused by cocked slugs abrading the tube. The attack was great enough to cause perforation of the tube at about 27 feet from the rear Van Stone flange. Examination of the slugs showed that a considerable number had been cocked. Evidence of severe tube scarring and rib grooves was found on the slugs. Strikingly similar examples of pitting and grooving were observed on flow laboratory minitubes and slugs exposed in high velocity water. It is concluded that the damage observed both in- and ex- pile was caused by the chattering of misaligned low density slugs in a high velocity stream. If the number of in-pile occurrences of this attack becomes excessive it is recommended that the water flow rate in tubes containing ``C`` metal slugs …

This document provides estimates of the volume of sludge (1) expected from Integrated Process Strategy (IPS) processing of the fuel elements and (2) in the fuel storage canisters in K West Basin. The original estimates were based on visual observations of fuel element condition in the basin and laboratory measurements of KE canister sludge density. Revision 1 revised the volume estimates of sludge based on additional data from evaluations of material from the KW Basin fuel subsurface examinations and KW canister sludge characterization data. A nominal Working Estimate and an upper level Working Bound is developed for the canister sludge and the fuel wash sludge components in the KW Basin.

This document provides estimates of the volume of sludge expected from Integrated Process Strategy (IPS) processing of the fuel elements and in the fuel storage canisters in K East Basin. The original estimates were based on visual observations of fuel element condition in the basin and laboratory measurements of canister sludge density. Revision 1 revised the volume estimates of sludge from processing of the fuel elements based on additional data from evaluations of material from the KE Basin fuel subsurface examinations. A nominal Working Estimate and an upper level Working Bound is developed for the canister sludge and the fuel wash sludge components in the KE Basin.

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Using the example of the helical wiggler proposed for the KEK photon factory, we show how to integrate the equation of motion through the wiggler. The integration is performed in cartesian coordinates. For the usual expanded Hamiltonian (without square root), we derive a first order symplectic integrator for the purpose of tracking through a wiggler in a ring. We also show how to include classical radiation for the computation of the damping decrement.

A small, self-powered, acoustic transponder was designed, fabriated, and tested to demonstrate the feasibility of producing a minimum-szie transponder package capable of operating at slant ranges of several miles in a deep-water environment.

A fundamental problem in providing high-quality surveillance images recorded over long horizontal or slant paths is the blurring caused by atmospheric turbulence, which reduces both the resolution and contrast. The objective of the work reported here is to develop a capability for long-range imaging through the atmosphere that is not limited by the atmosphere but only by the fundamental diffraction limit of the optics. This paper describes our recent horizontal and slant-path imaging experiments of point targets and extended scenes as well as simulations of point targets in comparison to experiment. We show the near-diffraction limited resolution results obtained using bispectral speckle-imaging techniques. The experiments were performed with an 8-inch diameter telescope placed either in a field, on a rooftop, or on a hillside and cover ranges of interest from 100 meters up to 10 km. The scenery includes resolution targets, people, vehicles, and other structures.