An attempt is made to discuss systematics of new particles and their spectroscopy in a simple manner. The main emphasis is on charm and SU(4), weak decays of charmed mesons, hadronic masses, and charmonium. (SDF)

Drawings and specifications are included for the system to heat water for the swimming pool and dehumidify the building of the Glen Cove YMCA. An overview is presented of the Nautica product used in this system. (MHR)

The ion ring project objective is to trap a ring of high energy, axis-encircling ions in a magnetic mirror. The number of ring ions should be such as to produce deltaB/B on the ring axis of order 10%. The second experiment, LONGSHOT, is directed to producing a long pulse ion beam source so that the total number of protons required for an ion ring can be provided a lower diode power and, hence, at much less cost than that of 100 nsec pulsed power generators like the NRL GAMBLE II. A detailed report of the progress on IREX and LONGSHOT is given. (MOW)

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I want to tell you about an improved Thomas-Fermi method for calculating shell-averaged nuclear properties, such as density distributions, binding energies, etc. A shell-averaged statistical theory is useful as the macroscopic component of microscopic-macroscopic theories of nuclei, such as the Strutinsky method, as well as in theories of nuclear matter in the bulk, relevant in astrophysical applications. In nuclear physics, as well as in atomic and molecular problems, the following question often has to be answered: you are given a potential well, say a deformed Woods-Saxon potential, into which you put N quantized fermions into the lowest N eigenstates, up to a Fermi energy'' To. You square the wave functions of the particles and add them up to get the total density [rho]([sub r][sup [yields]]) = [Sigma][sub i][sup N][vert bar][psi][sub i][vert bar][sup 2]. Is there some simple way of estimating [rho]([sub r][sup [yields]]) without going through the misery of numerically solving N partial differential Schroedinger equations for the N particles

CdZnTe (CZT) has been traditionally used as substrate for HgCdTe (MCT) epitaxy. The constraint of good lattice matching plays a fundamental role in the use of this substrate. In, fact, despite the difficulties in growing large area of affordable high-quality substrates, CZT wafers remain the best choice for high yield infrared devices. Nevertheless, material quality of the substrate and epilayer play a limiting role in IR focal plane array (FPA) detector technology. Furthermore, data suggest that the quality of the epilayer is affected by imperfections in the CZT substrate. In addition the pixel size for the current generation of FPAs (less than 20 {micro}m) suggests a need for detailed microscale characterization and an understanding of the substrates and epilayers on at least the spatial scale of the pixel dimensions. In an effort to understand the correlation between material quality and device performances, we have begun to study CZT substrates to investigate bulk and surface properties. The National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS, BNL) permits a wide variety of material investigations that take advantage of the highly collimated photon radiation emitted from the X-ray and VUV-IR rings. Synchrotron radiation offers the capability to combine good resolution and shorter exposure times than conventional …

In the Nd-Fe-A1 system, compositions in the range of Nd{sub 60}Fe{sub 30}Al{sub 10} have been reported to be ferromagnetic bulk metallic glasses with high coercivities. Careful examination of both the microstructure and magnetic properties of these materials shows this to be true only in the most general sense. The materials are shown to be nanocomposites, in the strictest sense, with characteristic structural length scales on the order of 1.2 nm. Magnetically, the materials are also composites exhibiting a number of magnetic transitions as a function of temperature. The temperature dependence of the magnetic properties will be discussed in terms of strongly-interacting superparamagnetic clusters residing in a paramagnetic matrix. The clusters exhibit a frequency-dependent blocking temperature as determined from AC susceptibility, that is inconsistent with simple superparamagnetic behavior but is consistent with a spin glass-type ordering of the clusters to form a cluster glass. For a temperature region extending approximately 100 K below the cluster glass ordering temperature, the materials exhibit low coercivity. Below this temperature regime significant coercivities develop. The energy barrier to magnetic reversal provided by the product of the cluster volume multiplied by the anisotropy energy is inconsistent with the values required to fit the superparamagnetic behavior above …

As adaptive optics (AO) matures, it becomes possible to envision AO systems oriented towards specific important scientific goals rather than general-purpose systems. One such goal for the next decade is the direct imaging detection of extrasolar planets. An 'extreme' adaptive optics (ExAO) system optimized for extrasolar planet detection will have very high actuator counts and rapid update rates - designed for observations of bright stars - and will require exquisite internal calibration at the nanometer level. In addition to extrasolar planet detection, such a system will be capable of characterizing dust disks around young or mature stars, outflows from evolved stars, and high Strehl ratio imaging even at visible wavelengths. The NSF Center for Adaptive Optics has carried out a detailed conceptual design study for such an instrument, dubbed the eXtreme Adaptive Optics Planet Imager or XAOPI. XAOPI is a 4096-actuator AO system, notionally for the Keck telescope, capable of achieving contrast ratios >10{sup 7} at angular separations of 0.2-1'. ExAO system performance analysis is quite different than conventional AO systems - the spatial and temporal frequency content of wavefront error sources is as critical as their magnitude. We present here an overview of the XAOPI project, and an error …

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) established an area monitoring dosimeter program in accordance with Article 514 of the Department of Energy (DOE) Radiological Control Manual (RCM) in January 1993. This program is to minimize the number of areas requiring issuance of personnel dosimeters and to demonstrate that doses outside Radiological Buffer Areas are negligible. In accordance with 10 CFR Part 835.402 (a)(1)-(4) and Article 511.1 of the PNNL Radiological Control Program Description, personnel dosimetry shall be provided to (1) radiological workers who are likely to receive at least 100 mrem annually, and (2) declared pregnant workers, minors, and members of the public who are likely to receive at least 50 mrem annually. Program results for calendar years 1993-2003 confirm that personnel dosimetry is not needed for individuals located in areas monitored by the program.

We report on large-scale applications of the ab initio, no-core shell model with the primary goal of achieving an accurate description of nuclear structure from the fundamental inter-nucleon interactions. In particular, we show that realistic two-nucleon interactions are inadequate to describe the low-lying structure of {sup 10}B, and that realistic three-nucleon interactions are essential.

In an exposure of the Fermilab 15' neon (64 atomic %)--H/sub 2/ bubble chamber to a broad band anti ..nu.. beam, 3 ..mu../sup +/e/sup -/X and 6 ..mu../sup -/e/sup +/X events (with estimated backgrounds 1.1 and 0.6 events, respectively) were found with the ..mu../sup +-/ identified in the EMI. The fractions of ..mu../sup +/e/sup -/ and ..mu../sup -/e/sup +/ production relative to anti ..nu../sub ..mu../ and ..nu../sub ..mu../ charged current interactions are respectively anti f = (0.10 +- /sub 0.07//sup 0.13/)% and f = (0.34 +- /sub 0.13//sup 0.23/)%, giving anti f/f = 0.3 +- /sub 0.2//sup 0.5/.

A micro-mechanistic understanding of bone fracture that encompasses how cracks interact with the underlying microstructure and defines their local failure mode is lacking, despite extensive research on the response of bone to a variety of factors like aging, loading, and/or disease. Micro-mechanical models for fracture incorporating such local failure criteria have been widely developed for metallic and ceramic materials systems; however, few such deliberations have been undertaken for the fracture of bone. In fact, although the fracture event in mineralized tissues such as bone is commonly believed to be locally strain controlled, until recently there has been little experimental evidence to support this widely held belief. In the present study, a series of in vitro experiments involving a double-notch bend test geometry are performed in order to shed further light on the nature of the local cracking events that precede catastrophic fracture in bone and to define their relationship to the microstructure. Specifically, crack-microstructure interactions are examined to determine the salient toughening mechanisms in human cortical bone and to characterize how these may affect the anisotropy in fracture properties. Based on preliminary micro-mechanical models of these processes, in particular crack deflection and uncracked ligament bridging, the relative importance of these …

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A technique for creating renewable reflective optics suitable for focusing of pulsed laser beams is proposed. It is based on the heating of the surface of a planar reflecting slab by an auxiliary heating source that causes thermal expansion of the slab material and creates a desired surface relief. The presence of this relief is a transient phenomenon, but, for short-enough main pulse, this does not cause any problems. If the surface is damaged by the main pulse, the shifting of the slab and repeating the whole cycle allows recreating the transient mirror. Favorable features of this approach include controlling the optics ''at a distance'', without any direct mechanical contact. Detailed discussion of the possibilities provided by this technique for the focusing of x-ray beams at the planned LCLS facility at Stanford is presented. It is concluded that 10-fold increase of intensity of 8-keV beam and 100-fold increase of intensity of 0.8 keV beam is possible. A set of design equations and constraint is formulated. The analysis presented can be used as a template for analyses of similar transient optical systems for the UV and optical range.

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Using the LLNL EBIT/RETRAP system non-neutral plasmas of highly charged ions were produced and cooled to temperatures around one Kelvin. These strongly coupled plasmas can model white dwarf astrophysical plasmas in the laboratory. These systems may also have potential application to quantum computation. The experimental results from the last operations of the trap at Livermore are discussed. Molecular dynamics simulation results are discussed as a guide to past and future experiments. The status and future plans for RETRAP at LBNL's 88 inch Cyclotron are discussed.

The performance of two large NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors has been determined as a function of detector type and as a function of temperature. One detector had dimensions of 4?4?16 in.3 with a stainless steel shell while the other detector was 2?4?16 in.3 with an aluminum shell. Absolute counting efficiencies for photopeaks and total counts were measured at 0.46 m and 2.0 m for gamma sources ranging in energy from 25 keV to 2500 keV. Photopeak resolutions were measured over the same energy range. The changes in pulse height and photopeak resolution were measured as a function of temperature over the range -50 C to +60 C. As expected from prior literature data, the scintillator light output decreases at both higher and lower temperatures compared to room temperature. However, the maximum peak height in this work occurred at 0 C whereas the literature gives the maximum light output at about 40 C. This difference is attributed to the fact that in this work, the phototubes and preamplifiers were heated and cooled along with the scintillator. Both detectors continued to function successfully over the entire temperature range studied in this work. The pulse height decreased by about 33% at -50 C and …

The authors observed dynamically driven phase transitions in isentropically compressed bismuth. By changing the stress loading conditions they explored two distinct cases one in which the experimental signature of the phase transformation corresponds to phase-boundary crossings initiated at both sample interfaces, and another in which the experimental trace is due to a single advancing transformation front in the bulk of the material. They introduce a coupled kinetics-hydrodynamics model that for this second case enables them, under suitable simplifying assumptions, to directly extract characteristic transition times from the experimental measurements.

The aim of this project has been to develop a spectral analysis tool with a level of quality and completeness commensurate to that expected in data from the current generation of X-ray observatories. The code is called LXSS (Livermore X-Ray Spectral Synthesizer). X-ray-emitting astrophysical plasmas are rarely, if ever, in LTE, so they have adopted the detailed level accounting approach, in which rates for processes that populate or depopulate atomic energy levels are treated explicitly. This entails the generation of a large quantity of atomic data, most of which is calculated using ''in-house'' computer codes. Calculations are benchmarked against laboratory data, and spectral models have been used to provide first-time interpretations of astrophysical X-ray spectra. The design of a versatile graphical user interface that allows access to and manipulation of the atomic database comprises the second major part of the project.

The Data Change Request (DCR) log is designed to promote data integrity within the Solid Waste Information and Tracking System (SWITS). It achieves this function by providing a record of all data changes performed on the database. This document contains records of those data changes from March 91 through June 94. The DCR log is also a supplement to an electronic database -- the DCR Tracking System, which provides an electronic record of all data changes preformed on the SWITS database. The records found in this document are Data Change Request forms. These forms are required for SWITS users who wish to request data changes in the database. The procedure formalizing this policy did not go into effect until September 1, 1994; therefore, some records created before that date may be incomplete.

In the quantum mechanical calculations of electron and photon emission from atoms in strong laser fields we have employed a single-active-electron (SAE) model. We determine the effect of the time varying electric field of the laser on each of the valence electrons separately. The active electron in each calculation moves in the time-independent mean field of the remaining, unexcited electrons and the nucleus. This approach works well for the rare gas atoms, at least partially because the neglected double or higher excitations involve states well above the ionization threshold. The photoelectron and photon emission spectra calculated using this technique agree quantitatively with observed emission rates. In this paper we will present a simple semiclassical model for high intensity ionization which reproduces the observed harmonic emission spectra obtained in this regime and which provides considerable insight into the dynamics of this process. The basic models has been used in the past to predict electron energy distributions in the tunneling regime and we will use it here for harmonics.

The federally mandated phase-out of chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants requires screening tests for motor materials compatibility with alternative refrigerant/lubricant mixtures. In the current phase of the program, ARTI is supporting tests of promising candidate refrigeration/lubricant systems in key refrigeration component systems such as bearings and hermetic motor insulation systems to screen for more subtle detrimental effects and allow estimates of motor-compressor life. This report covers: mechanisms of failure of hermetic motor insulation, current methods for estimation of life of hermetic motors, and conceptual design of improved stator simulator device for testing of alternative refrigerant/lubricant mixtures.

An FEL provides a convenient method of reaching short wavelengths by resonating with an input source at the fundamental wavelength while providing bunching at a harmonic of the fundamental. Recently schemes have been proposed that use two wiggler segments, one resonant at the fundamental to pre-bunch the beam, the other lasing at the desired (third) harmonic. A similar effect, with some advantages and some disadvantages, can be achieved using the Multi-Cavity FEL (MC/FEL). The MC/FEL employs several short cavities, operating in an oscillator-like manner, to achieve high output power. In this paper we consider the use of the MC/FEL as a means of generating harmonics. We investigate the competitiveness of this option in comparison with other harmonic generation schemes, in terms of the total wiggler length needed, the saturated power achieved, and the restrictions imposed by mirror reflectivity.

This reference is concerned with the Crossroads of Humanity workshop which is part of the Environmental Hazards Assessment Program at the Medical University of South Carolina. This workshop was held during the months of June and July 1994. Topics discussed include: Radioactive contamination, aging, medical ethics, and environmental risk analysis.