The physics of the hadron-hadron collider experiment is considered from an experimental point of view. The problems encountered in determination of how well the standard model describes collider results are discussed. 53 refs., 58 figs.

Transverse energy distributions have been measured for collisions of 10 GeVnucleon Si with targets of Al, Cu and Pb using a combination of a NaI wall and a uranium based sampling calorimeter. The measured cross sections d..sigma..dE/sub T/ and dE/sub T/d)eta are consistent with full stopping and an increase, with increasing values of E/sub T/, of energy flow into large angles. 4 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs

New platinum-coated grazing incidence mirrors with low surface roughnesses have been developed to focus bending magnet radiation from the SSRL/SLAC SPEAR storage ring on the entrance slits of two Beam Line VIII grating monochromators. The first mirror in the toroidal grating monochromator (TGM) branch is a cooled SiC cylinder capable of absorbing synchrotron radiation power levels of up to 260 watts without excessive distortion. This mirror deflects the beam vertically through a 12/degree/ angle and focuses it sagitally on the TGM entrance slit plane. The second TGM optical element is a fused-silica spherical mirror with a large radius of curvature that deflects the beam vertically through an additional 12/degree/ and focuses it tangentially with 3/1 demagnification. The first mirror in our spherical grating branch is a 5/degree/-vertically deflecting, cooled SiC toroid designed to focus tangentially on the monochromator entrance slits and sagitally in the exit slits. A 4/degree/-deflecting fused silica mirror is used after the exit sites in each beam line to refocus on to the sample. For this application a thin cylinder is bent to approximate an ellipsoid. The mirrors are now installed at SSRL and performance measurements are planned. Qualitatively the focus of the TGM optics at the …

Problems of technological interest can very often be described by partial differential equations (PDEs) with one dependent and two independent variables (call them c, z, and t, respectively). Many such PDEs are invariant to one-parameter families of one-parameter affine groups. Similarity solutions are solutions of the PDE that are invariant to one group of the family. The great utility of similarity solutions is that they may be calculated by solving an ODE rather than a PDE and are thus much more easily accessible than other solutions. The form of the principal ODE depends, of course, on the form of the PDE, but it can be proved quite generally that the principal ODE is itself invarient to the one-parameter affine group or associated group. because of the invariance of the principal ODE to the associated group, the dependence on the boundary and initial conditions of certain special values of the function y(x), e.g., y(O), y(infinity), y(O), ets., may be predicted a priori without solving the principal ODE. The nonlinear PDE of heat transport in superfluid He-II, is used as an illustration of these ideas in this review.

Central features of a mirror plasma are strong departures from Maxwellian distribution functions, ambipolar potentials and densities which vary along a field line, and losses, and the mirror field itself. To examine these features, mirror theorists have developed analytical and numerical techniques to solve the Fokker-Planck equation, evaluate the potentials consistent with the resulting distribution functions, and assess the microstability of these distributions. Various combinations of mirror-plasma fetures are present and important in toroidal plasmas as well, particularly in the edge region and in plasmas with strong r.f. heating. In this paper we survey problems in toroidal plasmas where mirror theory and computational techniques are applicable, and discuss in more detail three specific examples: calculation of the toroidal generalization of the Spitzer-Haerm distribution function (from which trapped-particle effects on current drive can be calculated), evaluation of the nonuniform potential and density set up by pulsed electron-cyclotron heating, and calculation of steady-state distribution functions in the presence of strong r.f. heating and collisions. 37 refs., 3 figs.

The monopole strength, MS, within a single set of nuclear shape excitations is compared with the MS between different shapes. After misconceptions are pointed out concerning the spin dependence of B(E2) values, MS properties are juxtaposed with gamma-ray and beta-decay properties of /sup 70/Se, /sup 96/Zr, /sup 102/Pd, and the N = 60 isotones to illustrate the utility of combined investigations and evidence is given for the observation of a two-phonon octupole multiplet. Finally, consideration is given to the dominance of the /sup 3/S/sub 1/ force in producing deformation in the N > 50 1g nuclei. 23 refs., 4 figs.

Results are presented from Fermilab E-400 on the production of charmed baryons and mesons using incident neutrons. We show evidence for the charm-strange baryon, ..xi../sub c//sup +/, and present our measurements of its mass, width, lifetime, cross section and relative branching fractions, and the A, x/sub f/, p/sub t/, and particle/antiparticle dependence of the state. We show evidence for both the ..sigma../sub c//sup + +/ and ..sigma../sub c//sup 0/, and present measurements of three mass differences, ..sigma../sub c//sup + +/ - ..sigma../sub c//sup 0/, ..sigma../sub c//sup 0/ - ..lambda../sub c//sup +/, and ..sigma../sub c//sup + +/ - ..lambda../sub c//sup +/. Preliminary results on the ratio of two decay modes of the D/sup 0/ are shown. D/sup 0/ ..-->.. K/sup +/K/sup -/ and D/sup 0/ ..-->.. K/sub 0/ anti K/sub 0/. The latter mode has not been previously observed. 8 refs., 10 figs.

The distortion of beam profiles and skewing of beam energy observed in transmission of ultrasound into a transversely isotropic medium can lead to erroneous interpretations of NDE data for materials such as columnar-grain steels and fiber-reinforced composites. In this paper, results are presentd for the numerical evaluation of the exact Fourier integral representation of transmission of an arbitrary incident field from an isotropic into a transversely isotropic half-space. The problem is fully three-dimensional, i.e., the symmetry axis of the transversely isotropic material is oriented arbitrarily relative to the half-space boundary and angles of incidence. The cases chosen for numerical study were selected from previously unexplained experimental data obtained from the study of propagation in columnar grain steels (welds), and from situations commonly encountered during the inspection of fiber-reinforced composites. Experimental results which give evidence to the numerically observed phenomena are presented. 11 refs., 4 figs.

Primary E1 transitions due to thermal neutron capture by the nuclides /sup 9/Be, /sup 32,34/S, /sup 40,42,44,46,48/Ca, and /sup 58/Ni are quantitatively interpreted by the Lane-Lynn formula and are compared with recent optical model calculations. The two approaches are equivalent provided the internal region of the nucleus is excluded in the optical model approach. Theoretical justifications for such a procedure are briefly presented. 32 refs., 4 tabs.

Corrosion data are presented for several vanadium alloys exposed to flowing lithium at 427, 482, and 538/sup 0/C. The corrosion behavior is evaluated by weight change measurements. Metallographic results and data on the nonmetallic element transfer in lithium-exposed specimens are also presented. The influence of alloy composition and exposure conditions on the corrosion behavior of vanadium alloys is discussed. 6 refs., 9 figs., 2 tabs.

The Heavy Ion Transfer Line used to inject heavy ions created at the Tandem Van de Graaff into the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) is briefly discussed, particularly as regards its control system. (LEW)

Piping in light water reactor (LWR) power systems is affected by several types of environmental degradation: intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) of austenitic stainless steel piping in boiling water reactors (BWRs) has required research, inspection, and mitigation programs that will ultimately cost several billion dollars; erosion-corrosion of carbon steel piping has been observed frequently in the secondary systems of both BWRs and pressurized water reactors (PWRs); the effect of the BWR environment can greatly diminish the design margin inherent in the ASME Section III fatigue design curves for carbon steel piping; and cast stainless steels are subject to embrittlement after extended thermal aging at reactor operating temperatures. These problems are being addressed by wide-ranging research programs in this country and abroad. The purpose of this review is to highlight some of the accomplishments of these programs and to note some of the remaining unanswered questions.

Cracking in sensitized austenitic stainless steel (SS) piping and associated components in boiling water reactors (BWRs) has been observed since the mid-1960s. Proposed remedies include procedures that produce a favorable residual stress state in the weld regions, replacement of the piping with materials that are more resistant to SCC, and modification of the reactor coolant environment. During this year, studies that have important implications for all three classes of proposed remedies have been carried out. These studies include fracture-mechanics crack-growth-rate tests on Type 316 NG SS and weld overlay specimens in impurity and high-purity environments, finite-element studies on weldments treated by the Mechanical Stress Improvement Process (MSIP) developed by O'Donnell and Associates, heat-to-heat studies of SCC in alternate alloys such as Types 316 NG and 347 Mod SS, and slow-strain-rate tests for the characterization of a variety of potential reactor coolant impurities. In addition, studies on the corrosion potential of irradiated stainless steel have been performed. This work is intended to provide a better understanding of the conditions associated with irradiation-assisted SCC (IASCC) in the core region.

The concept of using a mid-ocean island for a geologic high-level waste repository was investigated. The technical advantages include geographical isolation and near-infinite ocean dilution as a backup to repository geological waste isolation. The institutional advantages are reduced siting problems and the potential of creating an international waste repository. Establishment of international waste repository would allow cost sharing, aid US nonproliferation goals, and assure proper disposal of spent fuel from developing countries. The major uncertainties in this concept are rock conditions at waste disposal depths and costs. 13 refs., 2 tabs.

Several techniques (RBS, TEM, CEMS) have been used to characterize sapphire single crystals implanted with iron at room temperature to fluences of 10/sup 16/ to 10/sup 17/ ions cm/sup -2/. At low fluences the as-implanted iron is found mainly in the ferrous state. As the fluence is increased, Fe/sup 3 +/ and metallic iron clusters became dominant. There is a strong correlation between the probability of finding specific configurations of iron ions within four cation coordination shells and the relative amounts of each charge state observed. The superparamagnetic behavior of the clusters suggest that they are of the order of 2 nm in size but the large amount of irradiation-induced damage and residual stress has prevented their imaging by TEM. 13 refs., 7 figs.

An overview is given of some recent and planned experiments which have or will substantially increase our knowledge of the electromagnetic properties of few body systems. Specific examples include the proton and neutron elastic form factors, the deuteron elastic form factors, deuteron threshold electrodisintegration and quasi-elastic scattering, deuteron photodisintegration, and finally measurements of cross sections in deep inelastic scattering from hydrogen, deuterium, and iron. 47 refs., 13 figs. (DWL)

We illustrate the utility of preequilibrium plus equilibrium decay models in reproducing neutron and ..gamma..-ray spectra for incident nucleons of approx. = 2 to 20 MeV. We discuss models and theories for calculating preequilibrium nucleon angular distributions and the short comings involved. Attention is focussed on special problems in modelling preequliibrium reactions for target nuclei near shell closures, and possible ways to improve the modelling in these regimes by use of shell model levels to generate few quasi-particle state densities. We show preliminary tests of applicability of preequilibrium models to incident nucleon energies up to 1 GeV and for heavy ion induced reactions at energies up to 300 MeV, areas where modern technology is increasingly seeking nuclear data input. 40 refs., 16 figs.

The propagation of unstable mesons in nuclei is considered with regard to the use of the nucleus as a micro-laboratory. Specific problems considered are those of the nu and the S*/delta systems. 17 refs., 12 figs.

Since its publication in 1978, Feigenbaum's predictions of the onset of turbulence via period-doubling bifurcations have been thoroughly borne out experimentally. In this paper, Feigenbaum's theory is extended into the regime in which we expect to see fully developed turbulence. We develop a method of averaging that imposes correlations in the fluctuating system generated by this map. With this averaging method, the field variable is obtained by coarse-graining, while microscopic fluctuations are preserved in all averaging scales. Fully developed turbulence will be shown to be a result of microscopic fluctuations with proper averaging. Furthermore, this model preserves Feigenbaum's results on the physics of bifurcations at the onset of turbulence while yielding additional physics both at the onset of turbulence and in the fully developed turbulence regime.

A peat deposit occupying over 80 square kilometers, and averaging 8 meters in thickness, was discovered on the Caribbean coast of northwestern Panama near the town of Changuinola. This deposit occurs inland (behind) the present beach-barrier shoreline. It is thickest in the center and thins toward all edges (as if domed). The surface vegetation in the central regions consists primarily of ombrotrophic plants (especially sedges, grasses, Sphagnum, Sagittaria, and various scattered shrubs). Toward the edges, the deposit has a surface cover of more minerotrophic plants (such as swamp-forest trees, ferns, and palms). Petrographic/botanical analysis of the deposit with depth reveals the presence of five peat types (swamp-forest, sedge-grass-fern, Sagittaria et al., Nymphaea et al., and Rhizophora). Typically peats of the thick, central portions of the deposit are very low in ash and sulfur (less than 2% ash and 0.3% sulfur). Ash contents tend to increase abruptly at the base and more gradually toward the edges of the deposit and sulfur contents increasing gradually toward the ocean and bay. Vertical and lateral variations in botanical, chemical, and physical properties of this deposit can be related to factors that have controlled: (1) the surrounding rocks and water chemistry; (2) the source vegetation; …

Our experience with model-based accelerator control started at SPEAR. Since that time nearly all accelerator beamlines have been controlled using model-based application programs, for example, PEP and SLC at SLAC. In order to take advantage of state-of-the-art hardware and software technology, the design and implementation of the accelerator control programs have undergone radical changes with time. Consequently, SPEAR, PEP and SLC all use different control programs. Since many of these application programs are embedded deep into the control system, they had to be rewritten each time. Each time this rewriting has occurred a great deal of time and effort has been spent on training physicists and programmers to do the job. Now, we have developed an integrated system called GOLD (Genetic Orbit and Lattice Debugger) for debugging and correcting trajectory errors in accelerator lattices. The system consists of a lattice modeling program (COMFORT), a beam simulator (PLUS), a graphical workstation environment (micro-VAX) and an expert system (ABLE). This paper will describe some of the features and applications of our integrated system with emphasis on the automation offered by expert systems. 5 refs.

Nuclear stopping and energy deposition into the central rapidity region of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions are studied through the application of a model incorporating hydrodynamic baryon flow coupled to a self-consistent field calculated in the flux tube model. Ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions are modeled in which the nuclei have passed through each other and as a result are charged and heated.

We have measured the mass and kinetic-energy partitioning in the spontaneous fission of five heavy nuclides: /sup 258/Fm, /sup 259/Md, /sup 260/Md /sup 258/No, and /sup 260/(104). Each was produced by heavy-ion reactions with either /sup 248/Cm, /sup 249/Bk, or /sup 254/Es targets. Energies of correlated fragments from the isotopes with millisecond half lives, /sup 258/No and /sup 260/(104), were measured on-line by a special rotating-wheel instrument, while the others were determined off-line after mass separation. All fissioned with mass distributions that were symmetric. Total-kinetic-energy distributions peaked near either 200 or 235 MeV. Surprisingly, because only a single Gaussian energy distribution had been observed previously in actinide fission, these energy distributions were skewed upward or downward from the peak in each case, except for /sup 260/(104), indicating a composite of two energy distributions. We were able to fit accurately two Gaussian curves to the gross energy distributions from the four remaining nuclides. From the multiple TKE distributions and the shapes of the mass distributions, we conclude that there is a low-energy fission component with liquid-drop characteristics which is admixed with a much higher-energy component due to closed fragment shells. We now have further evidence for this conclusion from measurements of …

A tutorial account is given of the main characteristics and distinctive features of conceptual magnetic fusion systems employing the magnetic mirror principle. These features are related to the potential advantages that mirror-based fusion systems may exhibit for the generation of economic fusion power.