Literature values of independent measurements of dry deposition velocities are summarized as a function of particle diameter and gas speciation. In most of the experiments reported in the literature, there are uncertainties that have hindered the development of general predictive deposition velocity models. However, one model (Sehmel and Hodgson, 1978) offers a more useful approach for predicting particle dry deposition velocities as a function of particle diameter, friction velocity, aerodynamic surface roughness, and particle density.

An in-reactor fatigue experiment is being designed to determine the effect of dynamic irradiation on the fatigue crack propagation (FCP) behavior of candidate fusion first wall materials. This investigation has been prompted by studies which show gross differences in crack growth characteristics of creep rupture specimens testing by postirradiation versus dynamic in-reactor methods. The experiment utilizes miniature center-cracked-tension specimens developed specifically for in-reactor studies. In the test, a chain of eight specimens, precracked to various initial crack lengths, is stressed during irradiation to determine crack growth rate as a function of stress intensity. Load levels were chosen which result in small crack growth rates encompassing a regime of the crack growth curve not previously investigated during irradiation studies of FCP. The test will be conducted on 20% cold worked 316 stainless steel at a temperature of 425/sup 0/C, in a sodium environment, and at a frequency of 1 cycle/min. Irradiation will occur in the Oak Ridge Research Reactor, resulting in a He/dpa ratio similar to that expected at the first wall in a fusion reactor. Detailed design of the experiment is presented, along with crack growth data obtained from prototypic testing of the experimental apparatus. These results are compared to …

The variation of known dissociation energies of the transition metal diatomics across the Periodic Table is rather irregular like the bulk sublimation enthalpy, suggesting that the valence-bond model for bulk metallic systems might be applicable to the gaseous diatomic molecules and the various intermediate clusters. Available dissociation energies were converted to valence-state bonding energies considering various degrees of promotion to optimize the bonding. The degree of promotion of electrons to increase the number of bonding electrons is smaller than for the bulk, but the trends in bonding energy parallel the behavior found for the bulk metals. Thus using the established trends in bonding energies for the bulk elements, it was possible to calculate all unknown dissociation energies to provide a complete table of dissociation energies for all M/sub 2/ molecules from H/sub 2/ to Lr/sub 2/. For solids such as Mg, Al, Si and most of the transition metals, large promotion energies are offset by strong bonding between the valence state atoms. The main question is whether bonding in the diatomics is adequate to sustain extensive promotion. The most extreme example for which a considerable difference would be expected between the bulk and the diatomics would be that of the …

A prototype fission chamber was tested and several chambers were built. The design and performance characteristics are presented. (FS)

A microcomputer-based x-ray image analysis system to select and measure laser fusion targets is described. This system positions a photographic plate in x and y, focuses a microscope image, digitizes and extracts measurements within seconds.

Individual abstracts were prepared for 19 of the papers in these proceedings. The remaining two have already been cited in ERA, and may be located by reference to the entry CONF-790834-- in the Report Number Index. (RWR)

Objective is to understand the spent fuel performance. In order to do this, we must quantify the spent fuel characteristics at various time intervals during specific field and laboratory tests. This spent fuel characterization is used to identify and describe mathematically the degradation modes experienced during the tests. Incorporation of these descriptions into the more comprehensive spent fuel performance prediction model will aid in the overall licensing of repositories for permanent disposal of the spent fuel waste form.

This document is a compilation of status reports on the national solar heating and cooling programs of seventeen countries participating in the Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society's Solar Energy Pilot Study. These reports were presented in two special sessions of the 25th Congress of the International Solar Energy Society held in May 1979, in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. This information exchange activity was part of the two-year follow up (1978-1980) of the Solar Energy Pilot Study, which ended in October 1978.

In-reactor tests designed to provide information on the relationship between compositional variations and irradiation-induced swelling and creep have achieved an exposure of 4.6 x 10/sup 22/ n/cm/sup 2/ (E > 0.1 MeV) at 450/sup 0/C. Postirradiation diametral measurements of pressurized tube specimens have indicated that irradiation-induced creep of 316 stainless steel can be modified by compositional variations of minor alloying elements. There is a general trend for specimens with higher swelling to exhibit higher creep. Silicon, phosphorus and molybdenum all retard in-reactor creep and inhibit irradiation-induced swelling as well. However, the relationship between creep and swelling is strongly composition dependent. The data suggest that carbon and nitrogen act synergistically the major influence being the nitrogen concentration. The irradiation-induced creep is insensitive to cobalt variations to the fluences investigated.

Progress is reported in the understanding of dense gas dispersion through application of theory from other disciplines and preliminary experimentation particularly in the area of LNG. Future efforts should be directed to providing generalizations that can be expanded to all hazardous dense gases and to reducing uncertainties in dense gas models. Specific suggestions are made for research applicable to dense gas dispersion.

The laws of fluid flow in fractures, the dependence of fracture conductivity on the size of the sample tested, and the thermomechanical properties of both intact and discontinuous samples in crystalline rocks were discussed. (DC)

The Direct Heat Removal Service (DHRS) of the Clinch River Breeder Reactor Plant provides an alternative means of cooling of the core in the extremely unlikely event that both the normal and auxiliary heat paths are not available. The hot sodium is taken from the outlet plenum, cooled and returned into the outlet plenum at a different location; this sodium is mixed in the outlet plenum and pumped through the primary loops into the reactor core to remove the decay heat. The hydraulic performance of the outlet plenum was evaluated with a test using a 1/21 scale outlet plenum feature model. The model hydraulically simulated the Upper Internals Structure and the sodium within the reactor vessel. The hydraulic characteristics were studied to determine the amount of mixing which occurs in the outlet plenum.

Large deformation engineering analysis at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory has benefited from a synthesis of computational technology from the finite difference hydrocodes of the scientific weapons community and the structural finite element methodology of engineering. Two- and three-dimensional explicit and implicit Lagrangian continuum codes have been developed exploiting the strengths of each. The explicit methodology primarily exploits the primitive constant stress (or one point integration) brick element. Similarity and differences with the integral finite difference method are discussed. Choice of stress and finite strain measures, and selection of hour glass viscosity are also considered. The implicit codes also employ a Cauchy formulation, with Newton iteration and a symmetric tangent matrix. A library of finite strain material routines includes hypoelastic/plastic, hyperelastic, viscoelastic, as well as hydrodynamic behavior. Arbitrary finite element topology and a general slide-line treatment significantly extends Lagrangian hydrocode application. Computational experience spans weapons and non-weapons applications.

The present status of photoelectron spectroscopy in the 50-500 eV range is discussed in relation to its application to surface science. Instrumentation aspects of synchrotron radiation sources are reviewed. The direct transition model is shown to be applicable in this range with some limitations. Cooper minima and adsorbate sensitivity enhancement for h..nu.. > 100 eV are reviewed. A new effect--condensed phase photoelectron asymmetry--is noted. Finally, photoelectron diffraction - another new effect - is described and evaluated.

It is possible to produce high T/sub c/ wires or tapes from the V-Ga system by a monolithic process in which an ingot is cast as a supersaturated solution of V and Ga, homogenized at elevated temperature, quenched to preserve the supersaturation, formed into a wire or tape, and finally heat treated at a relatively low temperature to precipitate the superconducting phase. To achieve exceptionally high critical temperatures, the precipitation reaction must be carried out at temperatures below approximately 750/sup 0/C. The measured critical temperature then becomes a function of the aging time, and reaches a maximum value as high as 14.8/sup 0/K in alloys containing 17 to 19 at. % Ga. The reason for the exceptionally high critical temperature when the precipitation is carried out at lower aging temperatures is not established, but may be plausibly interpreted as due to a thermodynamic tendency for small precipitates formed from highly supersaturated solid solutions to be rich in solute content.

The perturbation theory of Barker, Henderson, Alder, and others has been extended to gaseous and liquid water first by inclusion of Prigogine's parameter c to account for external degrees of freedom due to rotation and vibration and second by including chemical and hydrogen bonding. Water molecules are assumed to form dimers in chemical equilibrium with monomers in both liquid and vapor phases. Using our equation of state, which contains only two parameters characterizing the water molecule and a temperature-dependent dimerization constant, we fit the saturation pressure of water to within 0.1% (from the triple point to just below the critical point) and the saturated liquid and vapor volumes to within 1.8 and 3.2%, respectively. Superheated-steam and compressed-water volumes and enthalpies (to 800{sup 0}C, 1000 bars) agree with experiment to within 1.2 and 5.4%, respectively. Consideration is also given to the effect of multiple associations (trimers, tetramers, etc.). Our equation may be useful for engineering applications where the above-quoted accuracy is adequate and where a relatively simple analytic equation of state is desirable for computational efficiency.

Further measurements of parity-violating asymmetries in inelastic scattering of polarized electrons from deuterium were made for a range of y values from 0.15 to 0.36. Only a small y-dependemce was observed in the asymmetries. Using the quark-parton model, these results are in good agreement with the Weinberg-Salam predictions. A value of the parameter sin/sup 2/theta/sub W/ = 0.224 +- 0.020 was obtained. 4 figures.

As now being explored for fusion applications confinement systems based on the mirror principle embody two kinds of plasma regimes. These two regimes are: (a) high-beta plasmas, stabilized against MHD and other low frequency plasma instabilities by magnetic-well fields, but characterized by non-Maxwellian ion distributions; (b) near-Maxwellian plasmas, confined electrostatically (as in the tandem mirror) or in a field-reversed region within the mirror cell. Common to both situations are the questions of anomalous transport owing to high frequency instabilities in the non-maxwellian portions of the plasmas. This report will summarize the status of theory and of experimental data bearing on these questions, with particular reference to the high temperature regimes of interest for fusion power.

New results are presented from the Lead Glass Wall experiment (SP26) at SPEAR. Motivation was due to recent Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) calculations, for the ..gamma.. + 2 gluons decay mode of orthocharmonium, to search for direct photons from psi(3100) decay. Inclusive ..gamma.. and ..pi../sup 0/ production from psi(3100) decay was measured using the Lead Glass Wall addition to the Mark I detector. ..pi../sup 0/ and charged ..pi.. production are compared and the ..pi../sup 0/ decay contribution to the inclusive ..gamma.. spectrum calculated. An excess of ..gamma..'s was found which is partly explained by eta production and decay, but a signal of high energy direct photons remains. This excess of direct photons is compared with QCD predictions and previously measured radiative decays of the psi(3100).

Environmental problems consist of the release of noncondensable gases and vapors, disposal of saline fluids, possible land subsidence and enhanced seismicity, noise, accidents such as well blowouts, and socioeconomic impacts. The most important issue related to human health is believed to be the emission of noncondensable gases, including hydrogen sulfide, mercury, and radon. Based upon data at The Geysers, California, Power Plant, emissions of mercury and radon are not large enough to result in concerns for human health. Hydrogen sulfide emissions, however, have resulted in complaints of odor annoyance and health impairment. These complaints have been caused by exposure to levels of up to approximately 0.1 ppmv in ambient air. This is above the California standard of 0.03 ppmv. Achievement of this standard may not eliminate annoyance complaints, as the odor detection threshold is lognormally distributed and about 20% of the population can detect hydrogen sulfide at levels of 0.002 ppmv. Abatement systems for hydrogen sulfide have been utilized at The Geysers since 1975. This has resulted in an increase of occupational illness caused by exposure to the abatement chemicals and wastes. More effective, and hopefully safer, abatement systems are now being tested. Occupational hazards are evaluated; the more significant …

This report consists of a talk presented at the conclusion of a meeting. As is typical, this talk does not truly summarize what was said at the meeting; the author acknowledges that he discusses several areas of interest to him - some of which were covered at the meeting and some of which were not. High-spin phenomena are divided into collective and noncollective regions, each of which exhibits resolved and unresolved ..gamma.. rays. Rotational spectra in the unresolved collective region are discussed; correlations between ..gamma..-ray energy and spin and between ..gamma..-ray energies in a rotational nucleus are pointed out. In the resolved noncollective region, the spectrum of /sup 152/Dy exhibits a straight line when energy is plotted vs I(I+1); it is concluded that shell effects explain this behavior. In summary, the author in his talk has tried to indicate areas of current research interest. 10 figures. (RWR)

It is argued that renormalized kinetic theory is the appropriate tool with which to study macroscopic properties of stochastic systems. Functional techniques are described which afford a self-consistent description of nonlinear excitation, propagation, and dielectric response of fluctuations in the stochastic regime.

A major problem shared by all large superconducting magnets is the cryogenic cooling system. Most large magnets are cooled by some variation of the helium bath. Helium bath cooling becomes more and more troublesome as the size of the magnet grows and as geometric constraints come into play. An alternative approach to cooling large magnet systems is the forced flow, two phase helium system. The advantages of two phase cooling in many magnet systems are shown. The design of a two phase helium system, with its control dewar, is presented. The paper discusses pressure drop of a two phase system, stability of a two phase system and the method of cool down of a two phase system. The results of experimental measurements at LBL are discussed. Included are the results of cool down and operation of superconducting solenoids.

The economic performance of Trombe wall and direct gain passive solar heating designs are evaluated using the LASL/UNM solar economic performance code. Both designs are integrated into a ranch style tract home concept thereby facilitating intra-regional comparison. The economic performance of these systems is evaluated for 15 sites in the Northwest region. Space heating loads have been locally specified. System sizes have been optimized against the natural gas and electric resistance heating alternatives, the current price and future escalation of which is established for each locale. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to determine the maximum competitive add-on costs for each system under a specified set of energy price, solar performance and economic conditions.