A summary is presented of the basic technical iniormation that pertains to processes that are used at the Dana and Savannah River Plants for the production of heavy water. The manual is intended primarily for plant operating and technical personnel and was prepared to supplement and provide technical support for detailed operating procedures. Introductory sections contain some background information on the history, uses, available processes, and analytical procedures for heavy water. They also include a general comparison of the design and laserformance of the two plants and an analysis of their differences. The technology of the heavy water separation processes used, namely hydrogen sulfide exchange, distillation of water, and electrolysis is discussed in detail. The manufacture and storage of hydrogen sulfide gas and the process water treatment facilities are also discussed. (auth)

In connection with the program of the measurement of eta for U/sup 233/, several critical experiments were performed with light water solutions of uranyl nitrate in an essentially bare sphere 27 inches in diameter. Results of two multigroup-diffusion-theory calculations for the above experiments are presented. Assumed cross sections, material concentrations, detailed neutron balances, and a comparison with elementary theory are included. The agreement between the calculated and experimental multiplication constants is excellent for the multigroup calculation but only fair for the elementary calculation. The latter method overestimates the fast leakage so that the computed multiplication constant is less than that found experimentally. (auth)

Electron microscopy was used to supplement metallographic studies of bonds between Zircaloy-2 interfaces. Treated surfaces before bonding, and bonded sections made by a variety of techniques were examined. Electron micrographs of belt-abraded surfaces exhibited a consistent fine-scale roughness. Chemically pickled surfaces were nearly smooth regardless of prior treatment. Chemically pickled samples and a zirconium oxide-coated sample pressure bonded at 1500 F and 10,000 psi had pitting at bond lines that could have been due to voids or to contaminant at the interface which etchod out. The pitting was almost completely eliminated in one sample by pressing one hour at 500 F and 350,000 psi. This indicated that the bond-line pitting in these samples was due to voids at the interface. Zircaloy-2 samples pressure bonded after coating with carbon chromium, iron nickel, or tin etched in relief along the bond line, indicating the presence of contaminant at the interface. On the basis of the present investigation, it is proposed that grain growth across the interface in chemically pickled samples may have been inhibited by the presence of a thin contaminant film originally present on the Zircaloy surfaces. However, the poor grain-growth characteristics of chemically pickled samples may also be due in …

A description of the ORNL neutron activation analytical service is presented. Techniques and measurement limits are also discussed as well as general applications. (J.R.D.)

It is well known that a pinch column with internal H/sub Z/ and external conducting shell can be made grossly stable, but that small-scale instabilities persist; especiaily in the tubular region of maximum current density. To investigate further these small-scale instabilities of the stabilized pinch,'' we are using 12-in.-i.d. linear pinch tube with a 3-in.-o.d. insulated center rod. By controlling a current along this rod, as well as a current along external conducting straps, and a third current in an external H/sub z/ coil, it is possible to create many grossly stable pinch configurations. The small-scale stability of the tubular region of maximum current density can thus be studied for a wide range of internal and external magnetic field vectors. The magnetic field distribution in each discharge is obtained by a string of 10 magnetic pick- up loops. The distribution of plasma density is determined by modulating the inner or outer wall current and measuring the radial velocity of the resultant compressional Alfven waves. In one experiment, an initial H/sub z/ is entrapped in plasma by preionization, and then pushed radially outward from the rod by a rising H/sub theta /. The resultant field distribution, in which H/sub theta / …

The over-all recovery process consisted of isolation from Purex plant solutions by solvent extraction, to yield an impure neptunium nitrate solution contaminated principally with U, Pu, and fission prcducts; purification by anion exchange; precipitation of nepturium(IV) oxalate; and calcination of the oxalate to yield NpO/sub 2/. The oxalate precipitation process investigations and results are described. (W.L.H.)

The work on the hydraulic collapse or instability of flat plates was extended by considering flow redistribution and the effect of unequal friction drops in the deflected region of the channels. A general formula for the pressure distribution over a plate as a function of the plate deflection is derived. From this general formula, linearized formulas for small deflections are derived for the pressure distribution and the critical velocity. Graphs of pressure distribution for various assumed deflection curves are presented. Formulas and curves are given for the magnification of initial deflections as a function of approach to the critical velocity. (auth)

The heat flux at burnout for rough surfaces that are cooled by forced flow of water in annuli was shown experimentally to be at least 50 to 100% greater than for smooth surfaces at the same coolant velocity, temperature, and pressure. By roughening the heat transfer surface of a fuel assembly and by increasing the size of the coolant passages, a net gain of as much as 80% in heat flux at burnout may be realized without increasing the power required to pump the coolant through the assembly. The tests were conducted with electrically heated tubes that were cooled by forced convection boiling of water in annali surrounding the tubes. The tubes were roughened with knurls or threads to a depth of 0.005 to 0.013 in. (auth)

Fine-structure nuclear analysis program S was extended to provide properly averaged nuclear data for gross-structure analysis work. The input extension consists of the gross-structure space-energy lattice. Cell honiogenization is performed by dircct space-energy integration of each of the reaction-rate terms in the transport equation, with preservation of the detailed balance of leakage, collision, scatter-transfer, fission production, and fixed- source production. On a flexible fluxor-adjoint weighted space-energy cell basis, the extended output includess cell-homogenized cross sections for collision, absorption, scatter, scatter-transfer, and fission multiplication; field depression or accentuation; leakage; surface albedo; and field diffusion coefficient, with inclusion of lumped-void leakage enhancement and other fine- structure heterogeneity effects. Specific areas of immediate engineering applicability in GEANPD fuel loading and gross power shaping work on epithermal reactors includes (1) two-energy albedo input to program K with inclusion of the effects of complex control rod cell structure and of energy degradation within a control rod cell, (2) complete three-energy input to program CURE and to program F/sub 3/ with inclusion of the effects of fine-stnacture void channels and strong absorbers and of three-energy control-rod cell albedos, and (3) nineteen-energy flux depression factors and control-rod cell albedos for input to program G/sub 2/ . (auth)

Reaction rates of niobium with nitrogen were determined gravimetrically from 675. to 875 deg C with a recording microbalance and volumetrically from 1100 to 1600 deg C with a modified Sieverts apparatus. Diffusion coefficients and terminal solubilities were determined from 800 to 1600 deg C by the concentration- gradient technique. Tne reaction of nitrogen with niobium follows a parabolic rate law at 675 to 1600 deg C. The expression for the diffusion coefficient for nitrogen in niobium at 800 to 1600 deg C is given as well as the expression for the terminal solubility for nitrogen in niobium. (auth)

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Hydrogen-absorption isotherms were measured over the range 535 to 835 C for zirconium--1 wt.% and--25 wt.% uranium alloys. X-ray-diffraction studies were made over approximately the same temperature range for the zirconium--1, -- 25, and --50 wt.% uranium alloys. In general, the alloys resenable the zirconium- hydrogen system, modified by the presence of uranium. With 1 wt.% uranium, the phase boundaries of the zirconium--hydrogen system are shifted to slightly lower hy-drogen contents. With 25 wt.% uranium, the first - two-phase-' region shifts to a hydrogen content 20 wt.% greater than in the zirconium--hydrogen system, while the second cctwo-phase'' region is unchanged. The eutectoid temperature is increased from 547 to 601 C. Heats of solution of hydrogen in the alloys were found to range from --25.9 to --47.9 kcal per mole for the 1 wt.% alloy, and from --30.7 to --50.6 kcal per mole for the 25 in.% alloy-. The x-ray-diffraction data support the interpretation that, as hydrogen is absorbed, the alloys break down to form uranium and zirconium, and the latter absorbs the hydrogen. The entire ternary isotherms could not be deduced from the data. However, three aspects appear certains (1) the extent of the phase fields along the zirconium-- hydrogen …

The orientation relationships between deformed alpha-uranium single crystals and recrystallized grains grown in them by annealing can be expressed as 27.5 deg rotations about axes located 70.0 deg from the STA100!, 63.5 deg from the STA010! and 34.0 deg from the STA001! of the deformed orientation. The rotations are clockwise about two of the axes and counterclockwise about the other two. In deriving these relationships it was necessary to consider the recrystallized grains as originating from deformation twin orientations as well as from the parent crystal orientation. The relationship agrees well with expermentel observations of recrystallization textures developed from deformation textures for polycrystalline rod and sheet uranium treated in the alpha phase. (auth)

The design of a recording quartz differential dilatometer is described. The instrument embodies desirable features of automatic operation with a flexible heating and cooling program control plus continuous recording of expansion data, as well as other features unique to the problem of dilatation measurement at hand. Sensitiviiy, precision and accuracy of the instrument are discussed in relation to data obtained with standard specimens. Operational procedures and typical experimental curves are included. (auth)

A geologic and radiometric traverse of about 1,100 hilometers along the Pan American Highway, northward from Lima to Talara, Peru, disclosed no positive evidence of economic uranium deposits. In several isolated areas various rock types have undergone intense hydrothermal alteration, accompanied by replacement deposition of certain metallic and nonmetallic minerals. Some anomalous radioactivity is associated with lower temperature alterations but not with higher temperature alterations. Additional and more detailed examination of lower temperature alteration in the Chiclayo-Guadalupe area seems advisable. (auth)

A report about the Lemhi Pass area in the Beaverhead Mountains, Lemhi County, Idaho, and Beaverhead County, Montana, which was undertaken to determine the area as a potential source of thorium.

Conductances, densities, partial molal volumes, solubilities, and transference numbers were measured for scandium chloride, nitrate, and perchlorate. The stability constants of the chelates formed by the rare earths and scandium with ME(l,2-bis- STA2-di(carboxymethyl)aminoethoxy!ethane) and DE(2,2 -bis- STAdi(carboxymethyllaminoldiethyl ether) were measured polarographically. In addition, the stability constants of the scandium chelates of HEDTA (N -hydroxyethyl)-ethylenediamine-N,N,N -triacetic acid), EDTA- (ethylenediamine-N,N,N ,N -tetraacetic acid), DCTA (l,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N ,N -tetraacetic acid), and DE TPA ((carboxymethyl)-bis- (2-di- (carboxymethyl)aminoethyllamine) were also measured. (auth)

From abstract: "The toxicological properties of beryllium and compounds of beryllium are briefly reviewed, together with the historical development of the recommendations for maximum permissible beryllium air concentrations. The application of the enclosure technique presently in use at this laboratory for the control of beryllium hazards is described... Monitoring procedures used to evaluate the performance of enclosures are discussed."

Abstract: "Detailed consideration is given to some properties of the first excited electronic state. Following the analysis proposed bv Mulliken, SCF LCAO-MO coefficients are used to obtain qualitative information about the electron distributions. Comparison is made with earlier work with respect to the description of the excited-state dipole moment, the effective electric moment between the ground and excited states is also calculated. From this, the oscillator strength for the first allowed transition is computed as a function of the internuclear distance."

Report discussing theories of irreversible thermodynamic processes. "The purpose of this review is to collect the presently available experimental data for a variety of quite different irreversible phenomena and to show that this evidence does indeed verify the Onsager Reciprocal Relations."

This report analyzes a linear, hard-core pinch tube built to examine tubes afflicted by small-scale instabilities evident from many observations.

This report describes a toroidal version of the hard-core pinch and the additional information it can obtain to what the analogous linear pinch can get.

Report discussing a system designed to "punch binary data from an RCL pulse-height analyzer (PHA) on paper tape concurrent with the printing of decimal information."