This report addresses the comparison of perturbation method and TEAPOT tracking on tune shift calculations.

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Adaptive optic systems promise to give diffraction limited performance to ground based telescopes operating at visible and near infrared wavelengths. However, because of the short spatial scale of atmospheric turbulence, the corrected field of view is limited to only a few arc seconds in the visible, to perhaps 10 arc seconds at L band (3.5 {mu}). A bright point source must be in this field of view as a wavefront reference, but the number density of natural stars is too small for full sky coverage at imaging wavelengths less than 3{mu}. A sufficiently bright point source can be artificially generated by a laser however, and investigations into the use of laser beacons has been proceeding for some time now. Our experiments at Livermore have concentrated on the formation of guide stars in the sodium mesospheric layer at 90 km altitude. We have also designed and built adaptive optics systems that use both artificial and natural guide stars. Experimental results to date have shown great promise for the practicality of this technique in astronomy.

This report very briefly discusses heavy quark symmetry.

The induction of cancer by ionizing radiation is a matter of great practical importance to the nuclear industry, to national defense, to radiological medicine and to the general public. It is increasingly apparent that carcinogenesis is one of the leading dose-limiting effects of radiation exposure (Co90). Quantitative information at the cellular level is essential to an understanding of the mechanisms of radiogenic neoplastic initiation and the stages of promotion and progression to overt neoplasia. We have developed two experimental models, the rat thyroid and rat mammary clonogen transplant systems, for the quantitative study of radiation carcinogenesis at the cellular level in vivo (C185). The most important steps taken or completed during the current grant year include: (a) demonstration of the high age-dependent radiosensitivity of prepubertal rat mammary clonogens to radiogenic damage which may influence their susceptibility to neoplastic initiation, and (b) demonstration of the feasibility of using a molecular test for clonogenicity in which Simple Sequence Repeats in the DNA serve as identifying signals of the genotypic origin of the cells. We have also (c) set up a large carcinogenesis experiment to test the effect of close intercellular contact in thyroid glands in situ on promotion-progression of radiogenically initiated clonogens, …

In this quarter the design of the plant structures was completed 70%. The design philosophy of the structure economizes on the use of steel by providing supports for the hot cyclone and hot gas duct connecting the cyclone to the boiler while fulfilling the needs for platforms and walkways at the various levels necessary for operational access. Figures 1 through 6 indicate the layout of the plant structure. At the same time the structure for the Coarse Coal Silo V-2 and Limestone Silo V-4 were incorporated and completed. Following completion of the piping pressure drop calculations, pipe sizing and layout drawings, detailed drawings of the piping in different views are being prepared. The pulse combustor is used to burn fine coal particles and provide an ignition source and supplementary heat to the fluid bed. The following is a description of the components: air plenum, fine coal injectors, aerovalves, water jacket, and tailpipe inserts.

A low intensity radiation field is generated by the high level waste that is stored within carbon steel lined tanks at the Savannah River Site (SRS). The highest level of radiation damage to the tank walls from gamma and spontaneous neutron emissions is estimated to be less than 1.0E-6 displacements per atom (DPA) for a 100 year exposure to fresh, ``high heat`` SRS waste assuming continuous replenishment of the radionuclides. This damage level is below the limit for measurable radiation damage to the mechanical properties of carbon steel. Structural assessment of tanks for storage of high level waste may be based on nominal or code values of the mechanical properties of the steels from which the tanks were constructed.

Data obtained during site characterization should be useful to assess the need for remediation, to evaluate and design effective remedial plans, and to allow long-term monitoring to discern remediation effectiveness. A valuable environmental tool that incorporates this data is a model that describes groundwater and vadose zone flow and transport characteristics. Data on geology and hydrology combined with information on contaminant sources are incorporated into these conceptual models that delineate the relative significance of the various fluid migration pathways. Downstream these same models also support risk assessment, remediation design, and long-term assessment of remediation effectiveness. Consequently, the building of coherent, accurate vadose zone and groundwater models is fundamental to a successful remediation. Among the important requirements for these models is accurate knowledge of flow domain boundaries and soil characteristics. At the Hanford Site, this knowledge is obtained primarily from borehole data, which provides information only at a point. In the high energy flood and fluvial deposits found at the Hanford Site, it can, at times, be difficult to correlate lithologic horizons between boreholes. Where there is no borehole control, our understanding of the geometry of hydrogeologic boundaries and thus of fluid migration paths is limited. Surface geophysical techniques are generally …

The goal of this project is to investigate the geochemical, geological, and production parameters that control the occurrence of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in oil-and gas-field operations, Activities during the second quarter of 1993 focused on identifying field sample sites, identifying previously analyzed produced-water samples that are suitable for NORM analysis, establishing methods for analyzing radium in produced water and scale, and modifying existing geochemical modeling codes to predict radium coprecipitation with carbonate and sulfate scale on the basis of thermodynamic properties.

The project consists of 3 tasks: (1) Developing a Production Environmental Database (PED) with the purpose of investigating the current industry waste storage and disposal practices by different regions, states and types of waste and investigating the environmental impacts associated with these practices; (2) Evaluating the suitability of available and developing technologies for treating produced water and identifying applicable unit process configurations; and (3) Evaluating the costs associated with various degrees of treatment achievable by different configurations. Records of wells drilled during the years 1986 through 1991 were compiled from industry reports. Overall, drilling has decreased from an average of 60,000 wells/yr for the period 1981 through 1985 to 20,000/yr during 1986 through 1991. A produced water database was developed from data and information provided by the various state and federal agencies. Currently, the database has information on the production of oil, gas and brines from 24 states. The data from the produced water database indicate that for the most part, Class II Injection seemed to be the common disposal method. Other methods included evaporation, surface disposal via NPDES permit, road spreading, hauling out-of-state, and annular disposal. A survey of oil and gas operators has been developed, reviewed and edited. …

A system-theoretic approach is proposed to investigate the feasibility of reconstructing a sound velocity profile (SVP) from acoustical hydrophone measurements. This problem is based on a state-space representation of the normal-mode propagation model. It is shown that this representation can be utilized to investigate the so-called observability of the SVP from noisy measurement data. A model-based processor is developed to extract this information and it is shown that even in cases where limited SVP information is available, the SVP can be estimated using this approach.

Many applications in material science, chemistry, and atomic physics require an x-ray source that has a repetition rate of 1 Hz to a few kHz. In these fields, a very wide range of photon energies is of interest. One application is time-resolved surface photoelectron spectroscopy and microscopy where low energy (< 1{mu}J) pulses are required to avoid space charge effects but high-repetition rates ({approx} kHz) provide the high average power which is needed to obtain the desired resolution. In pump-probe experiments, it is desirable to have the repetition rate of the x-ray source be comparable to the repetition rate of the corresponding IR, optical, or UV laser. We show that the very high-repetition rate of synchrotrons (1--1000 MHz) results in an inefficient use of x rays for these types of experiments and that a kHz repetition rate x-ray laser would be an excellent source for many experiments. For some applications, a slower repetition rate of order 1 Hz is adequate provide the energy per pulse is larger ({approx}1 mJ). For example, in photoelectron spectroscopy of free clusters, an x-ray laser can provide the required large number of nearly monoenergetic photons during the short time the clusters can be probed in …

Vortec Corporation`s Phase III development contract DE-AC22-91PC91161 for a ``Coal-Fired Combustion System for Industrial Process Heating Applications`` is project funded under the DOE/PETC advanced combustion program. This advanced combustion system research program is for the development of innovative coal-fired process heaters which can be used for high temperature melting, smelting and waste vitrification processes. The process heater systems to be developed have multiple use applications; however, the Phase III research effort is being focused on the development of a process heater system to be used for producing value added vitrified glass products from boiler/incinerator ashes and industrial wastes. The primary objective of the Phase III project is to develop and integrate all the system components, from fuel through total system controls, and then test the complete system in order to evaluate its potential marketability. During the past quarter, the designs of the remaining major components of the integrated system were completed and the equipment was ordered. DOE has elected to modify the scope of the existing R&D program being conducted under this contract to include testing of a simulated TSCA incinerator ash. The modification will be in the form of an additional Task (Task 8 -- TSCA Ash Testing) to …

The primary objective of the proposed work is to design, install, and operate an advanced fine coal processing circuit combining the Microcel and Multi-Gravity-Separator (MGS) technologies. Both of these processes have specific advantages as stand-alone units. For example, the Microcel column effectively removes ash-bearing mineral matter, while the MGS efficiently removes coal-pyrite composites. By combining both unit operations into a single processing circuit, synergistic advantages can be gained. As a result, this circuit arrangement has the potential to improve coal quality beyond that achieved using the individual technologies. Work this quarter primarily focused on procurement and fabrication of the required process equipment. All fabrication work is underway and is expected to be completed prior to the installation deadline. Delays in the existing project within the Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center`s Coal Preparations Process Research Facility have resulted in a shift in the original project schedule. A new installation date (June 28, 1993) has been established by DOE/PETC. The overall project schedule has been adjusted accordingly. Revisions to ESH subject plans were also completed during this quarter. Based on these plans, the ESH permitting procedure has been initiated by the contracting officer`s representative. The subject plans and circuit will be modified, if …

Much of the remaining oil offshore is trapped in formations that are extremely complex due to intrusions of salt domes. Conventional seismic processing techniques cannot clearly image either these traps or the full extent of oil-bearing segments near the salt domes; therefore, substantial volumes of oil may have remained uncontacted by previous drilling. Recently, however, significant innovations have been made in seismic processing and mathematical migration of seismic signal. In addition, significant advances have been made in deviated and horizontal drilling technologies and applications. These technology advances make it possible to reprocess existing seismic data to identify non-contacted portions of the reservoirs, which can then be contacted using advanced drilling technologies to kick out new wells from existing wells. Effective application of these technologies, along with improved recovery methods, offers opportunities to significantly increase Gulf of Mexico production, delay platform abandonments, and preserve access to a substantial remaining oil target for enhanced recovery and other advanced recovery processes. During this reporting period, data collection continued from the Minerals Management Service (MMS) and several operators. Modifications to BOAST II and MASTER reservoir simulators for the integration of radial grid systems and for use in simulating miscible gas injection processes in steeply …