Emission Rate of Fission Products from a Hole in the Cladding of a Reactor Fuel Element (open access)

Emission Rate of Fission Products from a Hole in the Cladding of a Reactor Fuel Element

It is assumed that when a hole appears in the cladding of a reactor fuel tube the fission products in the space between the fuel and the cladding will diffuse towards the hole. There they are swept away by the flow of steam past the hole. The process of diffusion is assumed to be governed by the ordinary diffusion equation with the boundary condition that the density of the fission products is zero at the surface of the hole. The diffusion equation is solved for the case of steady-state emission for a number of geometrical arrangements: long slit in plane surface; long slit in cylindrical surfaces circular hole in plane surface; circular hole in cylindrical surface; hole at end of cylindrical fuel rods and diffusion space of variable thickness. The time dependent solution of the diffusion equation is also found for a planar diffusion space. The effect of a temperature gradient is discussed.
Date: July 26, 1956
Creator: Helstrom, Carl W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Experimental Application of Neutron Capture Therapy to Glioblastoma Multiforme (open access)

The Experimental Application of Neutron Capture Therapy to Glioblastoma Multiforme

The rapid development of the field of atomic energy during the past few years now permits the exploration of applications to medicine involving new concepts in the treatment of cancer. One such has been the study of neutron capture therapy which is being developed at the Brookhaven National Laboratory.
Date: July 26, 1954
Creator: Farr, Lee, E., M. D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Pilot Plant Fluorination of Uranium Fuel Elements by Bromine Trifluoride (open access)

Pilot Plant Fluorination of Uranium Fuel Elements by Bromine Trifluoride

The so-called Fluoride Volatility Processes refer to several proposed non-aqueous methods of processing irradiated fuel elements. In each of these methods, the uranium is fluorinated to uranium hexafluoride and then decontaminated by distillation. One of the methods, involving direct fluorination of the uranium by bromine trifluoride, has been under investigation at BNL since 1950; subsequently a pilot plant was built to study this step of the process. The objectives of the program were to investigate the technical feasibility of continuous dissolution, and to determine the effect of process variables on the capacity of the equipment; namely the effect of temperature, solution composition, flow rate, and uranium history on dissolving time as related to fuel elements of the types used at BNL, ORNL, and Hanford. The nominal capacity of the dissolver was five pounds of uranium per hour and all process equipment was fabricated of Monel. Special equipment components and numerous safety features were utilized. The major equipment development was a canned-rotor pump used for circulation of the dissolver stream through the heat exchanger. A system for continually charging slugs to the pressurized dissolver was also developed. Operation consisted of batch runs which were made with unirradiated BNL slugs in order …
Date: July 26, 1956
Creator: Strickland, G.; Horn, F. L. & Johnson, R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Burner (open access)

Burner

Patent for an oil burner, in combination with a gas generating portion of a burner pipe below and provided by a upwardly directed discharge opening, a drip pan secured in place and extending horizontally below said burning pipe.
Date: July 26, 1921
Creator: Kunkel, Albert R.
Object Type: Patent
System: The Portal to Texas History
Bailer. (open access)

Bailer.

Patent for improved bailer for deep wells (e.g., oil wells), cheaper to use and manufacture, with a better delivery gate and improved method for triggering gate closure upon bailer withdrawal.
Date: July 26, 1921
Creator: Swartz, Ira
Object Type: Patent
System: The Portal to Texas History
Safety Oil-Can. (open access)

Safety Oil-Can.

Patent for "an improvement in safety oil cans...to provide in an oil can, [a] mechanism for securely closing the spout, to prevent waste and evaporation..." (lines 9-13).
Date: July 26, 1921
Creator: Richey, James David
Object Type: Patent
System: The Portal to Texas History
The High Temperature Heat Contents and Related Thermodynamic Properties of Lanthanum, Praseodymium, Europium, Ytterbium and Yttrium (open access)

The High Temperature Heat Contents and Related Thermodynamic Properties of Lanthanum, Praseodymium, Europium, Ytterbium and Yttrium

From abstract: "The high temperature enthalpies of five rare-earth metals were measured from 0° to 1100°C using a Bunsen ice calorimeter. The enthalphy of yttrium metal was studied from 1100° to 1675°C using a modified high temperature vacuum Bunsen calorimeter. The data were fitted to empirical equations from which the heat of transition and fusion, the heat capacity, and the related thermodynamic quantities were calculated. These results confirmed indications from other properties that europium and ytterbium metals are primarily in the divalent state.Small anomalies observed in europium were attributed to transitions between electronic states when some trivalent ions occur in these metals. The entropy of the fcc-bcc transition for ytterbium was found to be approximately two-thirds that of the other rare-earth metals for which a close-paced to body-centered cubic transformation has been observed."
Date: July 26, 1961
Creator: Berg, J. R.; Spedding, F. H. (Frank Harold), 1902- & Daene, A. H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
High Power Density Development Project: Potter Meter Calibration and Instrumented Fuel Bundle Pressure Drop (open access)

High Power Density Development Project: Potter Meter Calibration and Instrumented Fuel Bundle Pressure Drop

Summary: Technical report describing the testing of eight Potter Meters, for metering inlet flow and measuring exit steam qualities in the Consumers Big Rock Point Instrumented Fuel Assemblies, were individually calibrated for flow and pressure drop up to 500 gpm in the low temperature (130 F) fluid flow facility. The flow calibration comparison made with an ASME orifice installation, agreed to within + - 1 percent among seven of the meters, and meter Serial No. 8 was 2.8 percent lower than the others. Pressure drop among the meters was within about 5 percent. Locked rotor pressure drop data was obtained on one meter. A fully instrumented fuel bundle was tested in the low temperature facility and pressure drop data obtained for the tieplates and meters, spacers, and channel rods. A mock-up of the exit end of the instrumented fuel bundles, composed of 1 foot of fuel rods, tieplate, and Potter Meter was tested in the High Pressure Heat Transfer Facility. Data was obtained for single- and two-phase calibration of total flow and exit steam quality in an instrumented bundle. Each meter was operated, for a minimum of 6-8 hours after bearing modifications necessitated by seizure of the rotors, in the …
Date: July 26, 1963
Creator: Polomik, E. E. & Swan, C. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Texas Register, Volume 44, Number 30, Pages 3705-3964, July 26, 2019 (open access)

Texas Register, Volume 44, Number 30, Pages 3705-3964, July 26, 2019

A weekly publication, the Texas Register serves as the journal of state agency rulemaking for Texas. Information published in the Texas Register includes proposed, adopted, withdrawn and emergency rule actions, notices of state agency review of agency rules, governor's appointments, attorney general opinions, and miscellaneous documents such as requests for proposals. After adoption, these rulemaking actions are codified into the Texas Administrative Code.
Date: July 26, 2019
Creator: Texas. Secretary of State.
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The Portal to Texas History
Time resolved x-ray pinhole photography of compressed laser fusion targets (open access)

Time resolved x-ray pinhole photography of compressed laser fusion targets

Use of the Livermore x-ray streak camera to temporally record x-ray pinhole images of laser compressed targets is described. Use is made of specially fabricated composite x-ray pinholes which are near diffraction limited for 6 A x-rays, but easily aligned with a He--Ne laser of 6328 A wavelength. With a 6 ..mu..m x-ray pinhole, the overall system can be aligned to 5 ..mu..m accuracy and provides implosion characteristics with space--time resolutions of approximately 6 ..mu..m and 15 psec. Acceptable criteria for pinhole alignment, requisite x-ray flux, and filter characteristics are discussed. Implosion characteristics are presented from our present experiments with 68 ..mu..m diameter glass microshell targets and 0.45 terawatt, 70 psec Nd laser pulses. Final implosion velocities in excess of 3 x 10/sup 7/ cm/sec are evident.
Date: July 26, 1976
Creator: Attwood, D. T.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Texas Turkey Poults: For Week Ending July 21, 1979 (open access)

Texas Turkey Poults: For Week Ending July 21, 1979

Weekly report of the Texas Crop and Livestock Reporting Service on turkey poult numbers in Texas and compared with other states. It includes compiled statistics across six consecutive weeks, from the week ending June 23 to the week ending July 21, during 1978 and 1979 for turkey eggs set and poults hatched.
Date: July 26, 1979
Creator: Texas Crop and Livestock Reporting Service
Object Type: Report
System: The Portal to Texas History
Texas Preventable Disease News, Volume 46, Number 30, July 26, 1986 (open access)

Texas Preventable Disease News, Volume 46, Number 30, July 26, 1986

Newsletter of the Texas Bureau of Disease Control and Epidemiology discussing the news, activities, and events of the organization and other information related to health in Texas.
Date: July 26, 1986
Creator: Texas. Bureau of Disease Control and Epidemiology.
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The Portal to Texas History
Transcript of Commission on Wartime Contracting in Iraq & Afghanistan Hearing: July 26, 2010 (open access)

Transcript of Commission on Wartime Contracting in Iraq & Afghanistan Hearing: July 26, 2010

Transcript of a public hearing held by the Commission on Wartime Contracting in Iraq & Afghanistan held July 26,2010 in Washington, D.C. This hearing includes testimony from three panels of witnesses representing government agencies, contractors and subcontractors on transparency and accountability challenges associated with subcontracting.
Date: July 26, 2010
Creator: CQ Transcriptions
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Manifestation of the Color Glass Condensate in Particle Production at RHIC. (open access)

Manifestation of the Color Glass Condensate in Particle Production at RHIC.

In this paper we discuss the experimental signatures of the new form of nuclear matter--the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) in particle production at RHIC. We show that predictions for particle production in p(d)A and AA collisions derived from these properties are in agreement with data collected at RHIC.
Date: July 26, 2004
Creator: Tuchin, K.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Simultaneous imaging of the near- and far-field intensity distributions of the Ni-like Sn X-ray laser (open access)

Simultaneous imaging of the near- and far-field intensity distributions of the Ni-like Sn X-ray laser

We report on 2D near-field imaging experiments of the 11.9-nm Sn X-ray laser that were performed with a set of novel Mo/Y multilayer mirrors having reflectivities of up to {approx}45% at normal and at 45 incidence. Second-moment analysis of the X-ray laser emission was used to determine values of the X-ray beam propagation factor M{sup 2} for a range of irradiation parameters. The results reveal a reduction of M{sup 2} with increasing prepulse amplitude. The spatial size of the output is a factor of {approx}2 smaller than previously measured for the 14.7-nm Pd X-ray laser, while the distance of the X-ray emission with respect to the target surface remains roughly the same.
Date: July 26, 2004
Creator: Staub, F; Braud, M; Balmer, J E; Nilsen, J & Bajt, S
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Concentration of selected trace elements and PCBs in sediments from the Adriatic Sea (open access)

Concentration of selected trace elements and PCBs in sediments from the Adriatic Sea

A broad baseline study of the levels and distributions of trace metals and PCB compounds in sediments has been undertaken. PCB concentrations in surface sediments reflect the source of these contaminates in the region. The highest PCB concentrations as Aroclor 1260 (approximately 10 ng g{sup -1}) were found in sediments near the outflow of the Po river. The lowest concentrations (1.5 ng g{sup -1} dry) were associated with the sediments from the Jabuka Pit in the Middle Adriatic. These values are quite similar to total PCBs (<1.0-17) measured in surface sediments sampled off the coast of Croatia in 1977-78. Thus, based on the limited amount of new data available, it appears that there has been little, if any, decrease in PCB loading in Adriatic sediments over the past 15 years. Downcore profiles of PCBs in sediment cores are also discussed from a pollution history standpoint. Likewise, total mercury in surface sediments was also highest at stations off the Po (403-499 ng g{sup -1} dry) and lowest (67-224 ng g{sup -1}) in the Jabuka Pit. In one core located just south of the Po outflow, total Hg concentrations at all depths were relatively high decreasing gradually from approximately 400 ng g{sup …
Date: July 26, 2000
Creator: Fowler, S. W.; Hamilton, T. F.; Coquery, M.; Villeneuve, J.-P. & Horvat, M.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Presentation to the Michigan Environmental Review Board (open access)

Presentation to the Michigan Environmental Review Board

A general presentation of the National Waste Terminal Storage Program was given on July 26, 1976, to the Michigan Environmental Review Board and the Michigan Nuclear Waste Disposal Task Force. The presentation included the following papers: Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Production, High Level Waste Solidification, An Overview of the National Waste Terminal Storage Program, Background and Review of Investigations in the Salina Salt Basin, Role of Transportation in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle. Separate abstracts were prepared for individual papers. (LK)
Date: July 26, 1976
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
USDOE LABORATORY VIEWS ON U.S.-RUSSIAN PARTNERSHIP FOR NUCLEAR SECURITY. (open access)

USDOE LABORATORY VIEWS ON U.S.-RUSSIAN PARTNERSHIP FOR NUCLEAR SECURITY.

This paper summarizes an analysis of the U.S.-Russian Nuclear Material Protection, Control and Accounting (MPC&A) Program, developed on the basis of extensive discussions with U.S. laboratory participants as well as personal experience. Results of the discussions have been organized into three main areas: Technical/MPC&A Progress; Programmatic and Administrative Issues; and Professional Aspects, Implications for MPC&A effectiveness, for MPC&A sustainability, and for future relations and collaboration are derived. Suggested next steps are given.
Date: July 26, 1998
Creator: KEMPF,C. R.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Drying Results of K-Basin Fuel Element 2660M (Run 7) (open access)

Drying Results of K-Basin Fuel Element 2660M (Run 7)

There is no description for this manual at this time. PNNL-11897
Date: July 26, 1999
Creator: Oliver, Brian M.; Klinger, George S.; Abrefah, John; Marschman, Steven C.; MacFarlan, Paul J. & Ritter, Greg A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Electron-Cloud Simulation and Theory for High-Current Heavy-Ion Beams (open access)

Electron-Cloud Simulation and Theory for High-Current Heavy-Ion Beams

Stray electrons can arise in positive-ion accelerators for heavy ion fusion or other applications as a result of ionization of ambient gas or gas released from walls due to halo-ion impact, or as a result of secondary- electron emission. We summarize the distinguishing features of electron cloud issues in heavy-ion-fusion accelerators and a plan for developing a self-consistent simulation capability for heavy-ion beams and electron clouds. We also present results from several ingredients in this capability: (1) We calculate the electron cloud produced by electron desorption from computed beam-ion loss, which illustrates the importance of retaining ion reflection at the walls. (2) We simulate of the effect of specified electron cloud distributions on ion beam dynamics. We consider here electron distributions with axially varying density, centroid location, or radial shape, and examine both random and sinusoidally varying perturbations. We find that amplitude variations are most effective in spoiling ion beam quality, though for sinusoidal variations which match the natural ion beam centroid oscillation or breathing mode frequencies, the centroid and shape perturbations can also have significant impact. We identify an instability associated with a resonance between the beam-envelope ''breathing'' mode and the electron perturbation. We estimate its growth rate, which …
Date: July 26, 2004
Creator: Cohen, R; Friedman, A; Lund, S; Molvik, A; Lee, E; Azevedo, T et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Creating Ensembles of Decision Trees Through Sampling (open access)

Creating Ensembles of Decision Trees Through Sampling

Recent work in classification indicates that significant improvements in accuracy can be obtained by growing an ensemble of classifiers and having them vote for the most popular class. This paper focuses on ensembles of decision trees that are created with a randomized procedure based on sampling. Randomization can be introduced by using random samples of the training data (as in bagging or boosting) and running a conventional tree-building algorithm, or by randomizing the induction algorithm itself. The objective of this paper is to describe the first experiences with a novel randomized tree induction method that uses a sub-sample of instances at a node to determine the split. The empirical results show that ensembles generated using this approach yield results that are competitive in accuracy and superior in computational cost to boosting and bagging.
Date: July 26, 2001
Creator: Kamath, C. & Cantu-Paz, E.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Proceedings of the Radionuclide Contamination in Water Resources Workshop (open access)

Proceedings of the Radionuclide Contamination in Water Resources Workshop

A workshop entitled ''Radionuclide Contamination in Water Resources'' was held in Almaty, Kazakhstan from Tuesday 29 May through Friday 1 June. This workshop was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and three organizations from the Republic of Kazakhstan: the Institute of Nonproliferation, the Institute of Hydrogeology and Hydrophysics, and KazAtomProm. Representatives from the U.S. Department of Energy, three national laboratories, and 13 different organizations from the Republic of Kazakhstan attended the workshop. A complete list of attendees, the workshop program, and information on the background and motivation for this workshop are provided in this report. The objective of the workshop was to identify critical problems, discover what is known about the problems related to radionuclide contamination of groundwater resources, form collaborative teams, and produce a small number proposals that both address further characterization and assess risk via contaminant fate and transport modeling. We plan to present these proposals to U.S. government agencies and international sponsors for funding.
Date: July 26, 2001
Creator: Richardson, J. H.; Duisebayev, B.; Janecky, D. R.; Knapp, R.; Rosenburg, N. D.; Smith, D. K. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Source spectra, moment, and energy for recent eastern mediterranean earthquakes: calibration of international monitoring system stations (open access)

Source spectra, moment, and energy for recent eastern mediterranean earthquakes: calibration of international monitoring system stations

In the past several years there have been several large (M{sub w} > 7.0) earthquakes in the eastern Mediterranean region (Gulf of Aqaba, Racha, Adana, etc.), many of which have had aftershock deployments by local seismological organizations. In addition to providing ground truth data (GT << 5 km) that is used in regional location calibration and validation, the waveform data can be used to aid in calibrating regional magnitudes, seismic discriminants, and velocity structure. For small regional events (m{sub b} << 4.5), a stable, accurate magnitude is essential in the development of realistic detection threshold curves, proper magnitude and distance amplitude correction processing, formation of an M{sub s}:m{sub b} discriminant, and accurate yield determination of clandestine nuclear explosions. Our approach provides a stable source spectra from which M{sub w} and m{sub b} can be obtained without regional magnitude biases. Once calibration corrections are obtained for earthquakes, the coda-derived source spectra exhibit strong depth-dependent spectral peaking when the same corrections are applied to explosions at the Nevada Test Site (Mayeda and Walter, 1996), chemical explosions in the recent ''Depth of Burial'' experiment in Kazahkstan (Myers et al., 1999), and the recent nuclear test in India. For events in the western U.S. …
Date: July 26, 2000
Creator: Mayeda, K M; Hofstetter, A; Rodgers, A J & Walter, W R
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Quadratic Finite Element Method for 1D Deterministic Neutron Transport (open access)

Quadratic Finite Element Method for 1D Deterministic Neutron Transport

None
Date: July 26, 2004
Creator: Tolar, Jr., D R & Ferguson, J M
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library