Article on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon solute probes and the effect of dissolved oxygen and halogenated solvents on the emission spectra of select probe molecules.

Article on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon solute probes and the effect of solvent polarity on the fluorescence emission fine structures of select pyrene and pentaphene derivatives.

This paper presents selected preliminary results obtained during the first 54 days of the Prototype Engineered Barrier System Field Tests (PEBSFT) that are being performed in G-Tunnel within the Nevada Test Site. The test described is a precursor to the Engineered Barrier Systems Field Tests (EBSFT). The EBSFT will consist of in situ tests of the geohydrologic and geochemical environment in the near field (within a few meters) of heaters emplaced in welded tuff to simulate the thermal effects of waste packages. The PEBSFTs are being conducted to evaluate the applicability of measurement techniques, numerical models, and procedures for future investigations that will be conducted in the Exploratory Shaft Facilities of the Yucca Mountain Project (YMP). The paper discusses the evolution of hydrothermal behavior during the prototype test, including rock temperatures, changes in rock moisture content, air permeability of fractures, gas pressures, and rock mass gas-phase humidity. 10 refs., 12 figs.

Static leaching experiments have been performed to determine the influence of penetrating gamma radiation on the reaction of simulated nuclear waste glass in tuff groundwater at 90{degree}C. Both the leachates and the reacted glass monoliths were analyzed to characterize the reaction. Radiation was seen to acidify the leachates, but the high bicarbonate content of the groundwater prevented the pHs from dropping below 6.4. The glass reaction tended to raise the pH. Glass based on SRL 165 black frit and PNL 76-68 glass compositions were leached. The SRL 165 type glasses were quite durable and unaffected by radiation [NL(B) {approximately}4 g/m{sup 2} after 278 days at all exposure rates]. The PNL 76-68 glasses were much less durable, with the durability decreasing as the exposure rate was increased [NL(B) was about 20 g/m{sup 2} after 278 days at 1 {times} 10{sup 3} R/h for both ATM-1c and ATM-8 glasses]. 8 refs., 5 figs.

Two potential degradation mechanisms, creep and stress corrosion cracking, of Zircaloy cladding during repository storage of spent nuclear fuel have been investigated. The deformation and fracture map methodology has been used to predict maximum allowable initial storage temperatures to achieve a thousand year life without rupture as a function of spent-fuel history. A stress analysis of fuel rods has been performed. Stresses in the outer zirconium oxide layer and the inner Zircaloy tube have been predicted for typical internal pressurization, oxide layer thickness, volume expansion from formation of the oxide layer and thermal expansion coefficients of the cladding and oxide. Stress relaxation occurring in-reactor has also been taken into account. The calculations indicate that for the anticipated storage conditions investigated, the outer zirconium oxide layer is in a state of compression thus making it unlikely that stress corrosion cracking of the exterior surface will occur. 20 refs., 6 figs., 9 tabs.

In late 1987 Congress issued an amendment to the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 which directed the characterization of Yucca Mountain, Nevada as the only remaining potential site for the Nation`s first underground high-level radioactive waste repository. The evaluation of a potential underground repository is guided and regulated by policy established by the Department of Energy (DOE), Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Department of Transportation (DOT), and the US Congress. The Yucca Mountain Project is the responsibility of the DOE. The purpose of this field trip is to introduce the present state of geologic and hydrologic knowledge concerning this site. This report describes the field trip. 108 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.

Conceptual designs for waste packages containing spent fuel or high-level waste glass have been developed for use in a repository at Yucca Mountain. The basis for these designs reflects the unique nature of the expected service environment associated with disposal in welded tuff in the unsaturated zone. In addition to a set of reference designs, alternative design concepts are being considered that would contain and isolate the waste radionuclides in a more aggressive service environment. Consideration is also being given to the feasibility of a concept known as ``heat tailoring`` that employs the thermal energy released by the wasteforms to enhance and extend the performance of the containers. 5 refs., 3 figs.

This paper describes the design and preliminary testing of a cryogenic cooling loop that uses a thermomechanical pump to circulate superfluid liquid helium. The cooling loop test apparatus is designed to prove forced liquid helium flow concepts that will be used on the Astromag superconducting magnet facility.

A new mode of operation for ionization detectors is described. The amount of ionization produced in a detector is determined by measuring the amount of heat generated during the carrier collection process. Very high detection sensitivities, including single carrier detection, may be achieved at cryogenic temperatures. Results from an experimental device operated at T = 0.3K is presented.

All large tokamak fusion experiments today use auxiliary heating by multi-megawatt beams of neutral isotopes of hydrogen injected with energies in the neighborhood of 100 keV per atom. This requires reliable operation of large ion sources, each delivering many tens of amperes of protons or deuterons, and soon even tritons. For meaningful experiments these sources must operate with pulse durations measured in seconds, although the duty factor may still be small. It is remarkable that the successful sources developed in Europe, Japan and the US are all very similar in basic design: the plasma is produced by diffuse low-pressure high-current discharges in magnetic multipole buckets'' was distributed thermionically emitting cathodes. This paper briefly reviews the principal considerations and the basic physics of these sources, and summarizes the collective experience to date and describes the impressive recent performance of the US Common Long Pulse Source, as a specific example. 20 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.

Measurements of airborne radioactivity over Europe, Japan, and the United States indicated that the release from the Chernobyl reactor accident in the Soviet Union on April 26, 1986 contained a wide spectrum of fission up to heights of 7 km or more within a few days after the initial explosion. This high-altitude presence of radioactivity would in part be attributable to atmospheric dynamics factors other than the thermal energy released in the initial explosion. Indications were that two types of releases had taken place -- an initial powerful explosion followed by days of a less energetic reactor fire. The Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability (ARAC) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) utilized three-dimensional atmospheric dispersion models to determine the characteristics of the source term (release) and the evolution of the spatial distributions of the airborne radioactivity as it was transported over Europe and subsequently over the northern hemisphere. This paper describes the ARAC involvement and the results of the hemispheric model calculations which graphically depict the extensive dispersal of radioactivity. 1 fig.

The poloidal divertor configuration is considered the most promising solution to the particle and energy exhaust problem for a tokamak reactor. The scrape-off layer plasma surrounding the core and the high-recycling plasma near the divertor plates can be modelled by fluid equations for particle, momentum and energy transport. A numerical code (B2) based on a two-dimensional multi-fluid model has been developed for the study of edge plasmas in tokamaks. In this report we identify some key features of this model as applied to the DIII-D tokamak. 2 refs., 1 fig.

This note is devoted to explaining the essence of the renormalization theory of beam-beam interaction for carrying out analytical calculations of equilibrium particle distributions in electron-positron colliding beam storage rings. Some new numerical examples are presented such as for betatron tune dependence of the rms beam size. The theory shows reasonably good agreements with the results of computer simulations. 5 refs., 6 figs.

It is shown that, for D/sup 0//bar D//sup 0/ mixing of order /approximately/ 1%, it may be possible to observe in a Tau-Charm Factory a CP violation effect in the D/sup 0//bar D//sup 0/ system via a CP asymmetry. The method used is to tag one D by its semi-leptonic decay and to look for decays of the other D into CP eigenstates. It is estimated that within 1 year of running at the designed luminosity of L = 10/sup 33/ cm/sup /minus/2/sec/sup /minus/1/, /approximately/ 6600 such events can be collected. 8 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.

The group considered physics, accelerator, and polarized source issues. Most of the physics study was concerned with what significant and unique experiments could be done if polarized protons could be accelerated in the main injector and eventually in the Tevatron. 12 refs., 4 figs.

We have demonstrated that focal charged particle irradiation of the rabbit brain can create well-defined lesions which are observable by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMR) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging techniques. These are similar, in terms of location and characteristic NMR and PET features, to those that occur in the brain of about 10% of clinical research human subjects, who have been treated for intracranial vascular malformations with stereotactic radiosurgery. These lesions have been described radiologically as vasogenic edema of the deep white matter,'' and the injury is of variable intensity and temporal duration, can recede or progress to serious neurologic sequelae, and persist for a considerable period of time, frequently 18 mon to 3 yr. 8 refs., 6 figs.

We discuss a few results on quantum groups in the context of rational conformal field theory with underlying affine Lie algebras. A vertex-height correspondence - a well-known procedure in solvable lattice models - is introduced in the WZW theory. This leads to a new definition of chiral vertex operator in which the zero mode is given by the q-Clebsch Gordan coefficients. Braiding matrices of coset models are found to factorize into those of the WZW theories. We briefly discuss the construction of the generators of the universal enveloping algebra in Toda field theories. 21 refs., 2 figs.

We discuss the theoretical uncertainties attendant to the determination of /vert bar/V/sub cd//vert bar///vert bar/V/sub cs//vert bar/ from semileptonic D decay. Four different theoretical approaches are considered. Currently, agreement at the level of a factor of 2 for the various theoretical approaches exists so that, indeed, precise experimental data -- such as precise lepton energy spectra and decay width data -- would discriminate among the models considered. 8 refs., 1 fig.

Collisions in which a fast highly charged ion passes within the orbit of K electron of a target gas atom are selected by emission of a K x-ray from the projectile or target. Measurement of the projectile charge state after the collision, in coincidence with the K x-ray, allows measurement of the charge-transfer probability during these close collisions. When the projectile velocity is approximately the same as that of target electrons, a large number of electrons can be transferred to the projectile in a single collision. The electron-capture probability is found to be a linear function of the number of vacancies in the projectile L shell for 47-MeV calcium ions in an Ar target. 18 refs., 9 figs.

High resolution HeI (580{angstrom}) photoelectron spectra of As{sub 2}, As{sub 4}, and P{sub 4} were obtained with a newly-built high temperature molecular beam source. Vibrational structure was resolved in the photoelectron spectra of the three cluster species. The Jahn-Teller effect is discussed for the {sup 2}E and {sup 2}T{sub 2} states of P{sub 4}{sup +} and As{sub 4}{sup +}. As a result of the Jahn-Teller effect, the {sup 2}E state splits into two bands, and the {sup 2}T{sub 2} state splits into three bands, in combination with the spin-orbit effect. It was observed that the {nu}{sub 2} normal vibrational mode was involved in the vibronic interaction of the {sup 2}E state, while both the {nu}{sub 2} and {nu}{sub 3} modes were active in the {sup 2}T{sub 2} state. 26 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs.

We show how to construct a topological quantum field theory which corresponds to a given moduli space. This method is applied to several cases. In particular we discuss the moduli space of flat gauge connections over a Riemann surface which is related to the phase space of the Chern-Simons theory. The observables of these theories are derived. Geometrical properties are invoked to prove that the global invariants are not trivial. 14 refs., 3 tabs.

This paper describes the design and preliminary testing of a cryogenic cooling loop that uses a thermomechanical pump to circulate superfluid liquid helium. The cooling loop test apparatus is designed to prove forced liquid helium flow concepts that will be used on the Astromag superconducting magnet facility. 3 refs., 2 figs.

It is shown that the forward matrix elements of j{sub 5}{sup {mu}}, the flavor singlet axial vector current, do not measure the helicity carried by quarks and anti-quarks but also include a spin-dependent gluonic component due to the anomaly. Detailed phenomenological and field theoretic reasons are given for the necessity of a gluonic component in the matrix element of j{sub 5}{sup {mu}}. The first higher order corrections to the basic box and triangle graphs are discussed and shown not to modify the conclusions drawn in the leading order calculation. We close with a few comments on the possible phenomenological implications of the anomalous contribution. 25 refs., 6 figs.

Time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction offers unique capabilities for structural studies at high pressure. Scientific applications have included studies of compression mechanisms, new high-pressure structures, and phase transitions. 11 refs., 1 fig.