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Two-dimensional Lagrangian hydrodynamics simulation techniques were used to study fluid instability in laser fusion pellets. A slab geometry comparison with classical Rayleigh-Taylor theory shows good agreement, as do other slab and spherical test problems over a wide range of accelerations and wavelengths. Isentropic ablative accelerations exhibit growth rates 50 percent-100 percent of classical values, while non-isentropic cases show suppressed growth. Design optimization at 100 kJ input energy has led to an impulsively accelerated, low- aspect-ratio shell which operates successfully with a surface perturbation of a few tens of angstroms. Comparison of simulations with present experiments indicates that current neutron-producing targets are insensitive to damage from fluid instability. (auth)

With a view to the goal of net energy production from a DT microexplosion, two ideas (methods) are studied through which (separately or in combination) energy may be ''concentrated'' into a small volume and short period of time--the so-called space-time energy densification or compression. The advantages and disadvantages of lasers and relativistic electron-beam (E-beam) machines as the sources of such energy are studied and the amplification of laser pulses as a key factor in energy compression is discussed. The pulse length of present relativistic E-beam machines is the most serious limitation of this pulsed-power source. The first energy-compression idea discussed is the reasonably efficient production of short-duration, high-current relativistic electron pulses by the self interruption and restrike of a current in a plasma pinch due to the rapid onset of strong turbulence. A 1-MJ plasma focus based on this method is nearing completion at this Laboratory. The second energy- compression idea is based on laser-pulse production through the parametric amplification of a self-similar or solitary wave pulse, for which analogs can be found in other wave processes. Specifically, the second energy-compression idea is a proposal for parametric amplification of a solitary, transverse magnetic pulse in a coaxial cavity with a …

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This review deals with $pi$N $Yields$ $pi$N and KN $Yields$ KN physics below about 3 GeV/c. An attempt is made to convey the state of the art, and to point out what appear to be promising directions for future research. The situation as of about one year ago is summarized in the 1974 Review of Particle Properties and in London conference talks so more recent developments are considered. A comprehensive survey of $pi$N $Yields$ $pi$N data between the $delta$ region and 3 GeV/c is given. Problems associated with spin-rotation experiments are discussed, and the current $pi$N $Yields$ $pi$N partial wave analyses. I = 1 and I = 0 KN $Yields$ KN analyses, respectively, are considered. (auth)

The problem of optical design is stated as follows: Given a principal surface r($alpha$), and a maximum focal angle $alpha$/sub m/, find the pair of optical surfaces for which diffraction limited focusing is achieved. It is shown that specification of r($alpha$) and $alpha$/sub m/ uniquely determines the lens design to within a scale factor, given the refractive index of the lens. It is further shown that one straightforward Runge-Kutta integration routine generates both surfaces for either a lens or a pair of mirror surfaces. The complete family of aplanatic lenses is described. Deviation from sphericity is discussed, as well as the possibility of realizing the specified lens designs. The family of lenses which map uniform incident intensity into uniform illumination about the focus is also described. Extension of the method to off-axis aberrations is considered. (auth)

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Using a well characterized 1.06 μm 150 ps glass laser pulse the damage characteristics for diamond turned, diamond turned/ polished, and polished copper and silver mirrors less than 5 cm diameter were studied. Although most samples were tested with a normal angle of incidence, some were tested at 45$sup 0$ with different linear polarization showing an increase in damage threshold for S polarization. Different damage mechanisms observed will be discussed. Laser damage is related to residual surface influences of the fabrication process. First attempts to polish diamond turned surfaces resulted in a significant decrease in laser damage threshold. The importance of including the heat of fusion in the one dimensional heat analysis of the theoretical damage threshold and how close the samples came to the theoretical damage threshold is discussed. (auth)

A collective-field accelerator, evolving from experimental and theoretical research, uses a high-vacuum diode with an adjustable graphite cathode, as well as an insulated anode, and operates with a relativistic electron beam with $nu$/$gamma$ of approximately 1. Alternate gradient lenses are used to focus collectively accelerated particles. The gradients are produced by alternate dielectric and grounded lenses. The dielectric lenses are self charged by the electron beam, creating a potential difference in reference to the grounded lenses. These lenses focus both electrons and ions by convective processes. Deuterons were accelerated in pulses of approximately 10$sup 14$, producing up to 10$sup 11$ D-D neutrons per burst by impingement on suitable targets. Hydrogen, deuterium, carbon, fluorine, and chlorine ions were accelerated to produce both light- and heavy-ion reactions. Analysis of activation data shows that heavy ions with greater than 6 MeV per nucleon and protons with approximately 15 MeV energy were produced. Theoretical analysis indicates that the collective ion acceleration mechanisms arise from interactions with plasma-wave trains which are created by near-resonant, beam-cavity interactions and which are accelerated (in group velocity) through density and temperature gradients in the secondary plasma beyond the anode. (auth)

Interesting regularities were observed in the $pi$p backward elastic- scattering data at intermediate energies with respect to the effect of resonances. In addition, the reaction process is found to be peripheral. It is pointed out that one should be able to determine the properties of resonances above the region in which the phase-shift analyses were performed. (auth)

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In the last few years there has been increasing interest in the use of heavy ion accelerators for research in nuclear physics, radiobiology, medicine and space science. Neutrons of energy up to that of the primary accelerated heavy ion may be produced by interaction with matter. The knowledge of the yield and energy spectrum of these neutrons is of fundamental importance in all the fields of application of heavy ions. Very little is known from the theoretical as well as experimental point of view about the production of these neutrons. The theory associated with neutron production is summarized and the scarce experimental results accumulated up to now are reported. (7 figures, 5 tables) (auth)

This paper is centered around the use of stratified random sampling for estimating the total amount (inventory) of $sup 239-240$Pu and uranium in surface soil at ten ''safety-shot'' sites on the Nevada Test Site (NTS) and Tonopah Test Range (TTR) that are currently being studied by the Nevada Applied Ecology Group (NAEG). The use of stratified random sampling has resulted in estimates of inventory at these desert study sites that have smaller standard errors than would have been the case had simple random sampling (no stratification) been used. Estimates of inventory are given for $sup 235$U, $sup 238$U, and $sup 239-240$Pu in soil at A Site of Area 11 on the NTS. Other results presented include average concentrations of one or more of these isotopes in soil and vegetation and in soil profile samples at depths to 25 cm. The regression relationship between soil and vegetation concentrations of $sup 235$U and $sup 238$U at adjacent sampling locations is also examined using three different models. The applicability of stratified random sampling to the estimation of concentration contours of $sup 239-240$Pu in surface soil using computer algorithms is also investigated. Estimates of such contours are obtained using several different methods. The planning …

The historical development of fusion research is outlined. The basics of fusion power along with fuel cost and advantages of fusion are discussed. Some quantitative requirements for fusion power are described. (MOW)

The Atlantic Richfield Hanford Company (ARHCO) has developed comprehensive plans for coping with emergencies ranging from criticality to civil disturbance. A unique notification system provides for immediate contact with key personnel by using a central communications center, crash alarm warning networks, and a continuing telephone cascade notification system. There is also the capability of immediately contacting other contractor key personnel. Certain jobs have been predetermined as necessary for coping with an emergency. An emergency staff consisting of responsible management, with alternates, has been preselected to automatically fill these jobs when notified. Control centers for headquarters and ''field'' are established with telephone and radio communication capabilities and are also supplied with some source materials to assist initiating plans for containing an emergency for recovery. A comprehensive emergency procedures manual has been developed, which contains information of company-wide application and procedures for specific facilities covering almost all accident situations. (auth)

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When a metal target is bombarded with light ions some are implanted and some are reflected from the surface or backscattered from deeper layers. This results in an energy distribution of the backscattered particles which reaches from zero to almost the primary energy. The number of the backscattered particles and their energy, angular, and charge distributions depends largely on the energy and the ion target combination. For high energies (i.e., greater than50 keV for protons) particles are backscattered in a single collision governed by the Rutherford cross section. Protons and He-ions with energies of 100 keV to several MeV are widely used for thin film analysis. For lower energies multiple collisions and the screening of the Coulomb potential have to be taken into account, which makes the theoretical treatment more difficult. This energy region is, however, of special interest in the field of nuclear fusion research. Some recent results for energies below 20 keV are discussed in some detail. (auth)

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