A cold-flow model is being built to gather information for appropriately designing the venturi and the bottom section of the gasifier to attain the required ash discharge rate in the demonstration plant. Ancillary tasks will investigate the effect of different feed locations and different means of injecting fines. A model is necessary because the operating conditions of the pilot plant gasifier do not permit the type of testing required to meet the above objectives. The pilot plant gasifier has been operated with 2 and 3 in.-diameter venturis. Discharge rates through the venturi appropriate to the feed rates used have been on the order of 100 lb/hr. The demonstration plant design calls for a total ash agglomerate discharge from each gasifier of approximately 10,000 lb/hr. Scaling up venturi sizes and discharge rates from the pilot plant to the demonstration plant level is a primary motivation for building a cold-flow model. Larger sized venturis will be necessary to handle the larger discharge rates, and the model will be capable of incorporating up to an 8-in.-diameter venturi or other multiple-discharge nozzles. All equipment in the cold model will be capable of operation at 200 psig, which will enable testing to be conducted at …

A program for the development of liquid-metal plasma valves (LMPVs) is discussed in detail. The program consisted of two tasks. The first was the development and testing of valves in the laboratory and the fabrication, instrumentation, testing and in-service operation of two valves at the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) facilities of the Pacific Intertie HVDC Power Tansmission System at Celilo, Oregon. The second task was the design, development, fabrication, installation, and operation of a voltage and current monitoring station and the transient event recording system to go with it. Information is present on the design and development of converter valves; LMPV principles; and the testing of prototype valves. (LCL)

Progress in developing a microwave-vacuum system (MIVAC) for drying grain at a commercial grain handling and storage facility is reported. During this period the dryer was redesigned from 48 kW size to 12 kW, components were fabricated and assembled, and performance testing with corn drying was begun. (LCL)

The following geothermal rules and regulations are presented: authority; policy; definitions; drilling; records; blow out prevention; injection wells; abandonment; maintenance; hearings; notice procedures; hearings on refused, limited, or conditioned permit; appeals; penalties; and forms;

Initial efforts to develop, test, and evaluate counterflow recuperator designs are reported for the High Temperature Range Recuperator project. Potential materials to withstand glass furnace exhaust environments at temperatures up to 2800/sup 0/F were evaluated on the bases of material properties, fabrication capability, and relative performance in the flue environment of a day tank glass furnace. Polycrystalline alumina (Vistal), reaction sintered silicon carbide (KT and NC 430), chemically vapor deposited silicon carbide (CVD) and sintered alpha silicon carbide proved most satisfactory in the material temperature range of 2300/sup 0/F to 2800/sup 0/F. Relatively pure alumina (AD 998 and AD 94), mullite and cordierite were most satisfactory in the material temperature range of 1700/sup 0/F to 2300/sup 0/F. Recuperator designs were evaluated on the bases of cold air flow tests on laboratory models, fabricability, and calculated thermomechanical stress under expected operating conditions. Material strengths are shown to be greater than expected stresses by factors ranging from 2.6 for KT silicon carbide to 16 for cordierite. Recuperator test sections were fabricated from KT silicon carbide and subjected to thermal stress conditions in excess of twice the expected operating conditions with no deterioration or failure evident. A test section was subjected to the …

Experimental and analytical techniques are described which permitted recalibration of the P-2 chamber's monoenergetic sensitivity based upon combined responses from a set of bremsstrahlung measurements, monoenergetic isotopic source measurements, and a monoenergetic gamma radiation produced by inelastic proton scattering. A novel technique is described for combining simultaneous knowledge of bremsstrahlung and monoenergetic response measurements with a statistically determined least structures constraint. The experimental details, analytical procedures, and resulting calibration of the standard P-2 ionization chamber from 100 keV to 20 MeV are presented and compared with previous determinations of the P-2 chamber sensitivity. Differences of approximately 15% between the derived sensitivity and the previously accepted values were observed in the region between 1.5 and 6 MeV.

The full potential for electric load management was determined with respect to the industrial sector by adopting direct load management techniques. Certain options available to regulatory authorities and individual utilities to conserve energy are highlighted. By conducting a demonstration project on a representative sample of primary industrial customers, information could be obtained on the potential impact of direct load management methods and other end-use conservation programs on a system-wide basis or multi-system-wide basis. The study was conducted by the Michigan Public Service Commission in cooperation with the Detroit Edison Company.

Plans are presented for insolation testing of a full-scale test receiver panel and supporting hardware which essentially duplicate both physically and functionally the design planned for the 10 MWe pilot plant. Testing includes operation during normal start and shutdown, intermittent cloud conditions, and emergencies to determine the transient and steady state operating characteristics and performance under conditions equal to or exceeding those expected in the pilot plant. The effects of variations of input and output conditions on receiver operation are also to be investigated. A brief description of the pilot plant receiver subsystem is presented, followed by a detailed description of the receiver assembly to be tested at the Solar Thermal Test Facility. Major subassemblies are described, including the receiver panel, flow control, electrical control and instrumentation, and the structural assembly. Requirements of the Solar Thermal Test Facility for the tests are given. System safety measures are described. The tests, operating conditions, and expected results are presented. Quality assurance, task responsibilities, and test documentation are also discussed. (LEW)

The purpose of the program was to analyze and up-date the design of the Madaras Rotor Power Plant concept that had been developed in the 1930's to determine the technical and economic feasibility of this system to be competitive with conventional horizontal axis wind turbines. A four-task program consisting of a series of wind tunnel tests, an electro-mechanical analysis, a performance analysis, and a cost analysis was conducted.

This report summarizes the third quarter FY-1978 results of concept design studies at General Atomic Company (GA) for an 842-MW(t) VHTR utilizing an intermediate helium heat transfer loop to provide thermal energy for the production of reducing gas (H/sub 2/ + CO) by steam-reforming a light hydrocarbon. Basic carbon sources may be coal, residual, or oil shale. The report summarizes the various plant configurations selected for the study and presents the conceptual plant layout drawings. Results of design studies on the intermediate heat exchanger are also presented. The status of the performance/optimization code development is discussed, and completion of the core auxiliary cooling system study is summarized.

Historical data from the EEI, FPC, NRC, FEA, and participating utilities were evaluated for each of the four reliability and efficiency indices recommended to the California Energy Commission. Data were not available for all unit sizes for the full period 1971 to 1975. However, the available data were analyzed to arrive at historical averages and ranges of averages for each of the recommended indices. Feasible ranges and averages of each index for units of different sizes and fuel types are presented and trends for each index are discussed with respect to characteristics such as unit age, maturity, equipment problems, etc. The recommended application of these data to the power plant Reliability and Efficiency Guidelines are discussed in the main body of this report (Section B).

The Boeing heliostat design can be produced and installed for a Capital Cost of $42 per square meter at high commercial plant quantities and rates. This is 14% less than the DOE cost target. Even at a low commercial plant production rate of 25,000 heliostats per year the Capital Cost of $48 per square meter is 2% less than the cost goal established by the DOE. Projected capital costs and 30 year maintenance costs for three scenarios of production and installation are presented: (1) commercial rate production of 25,000, 250,000, and 1,000,000 heliostats per year; (2) a one-time only production quantity of 2500 heliostats; and (3) commercial rate production of 25,000 heliostats per year with each plant (25,000 heliostats) installed at widely dispersed sites throughout the Southwestern United States. These three scenarios for solar plant locations and the manufacturing/installation processes are fully described, and detailed cost breakdowns for the three scenarios are provided.

Findings are presented from two separate studies: a preliminary study of leaders of the geothermal industry and a second study of a ten percent representative sample of other firms. The studies are intended to determine if a need still exists for a federal grant-assisted geothermal demonstration power plant. The following are included: selection of the survey samples from the population comprising the geothermal industry; the development of the survey instrument; the collection and analysis of the results; and a summary. The responses of financial firms are discussed. (MHR)

The gathering of demographic, community development, and economic data for the region impacted by the Pikeville (Ohio) Nuclear Enrichment Facility is described. These data are to be used for establishing possible community uses, e.g., space heating, domestic water heating, and industrial uses, of waste heat from the facility. It was concluded that although the economic feasibility of such waste heat utilization remains to be proven, the community would cooperate in a feasibility demonstration program. (LCL)

Core hole DC-6 was completed in May 1978 by Boyles Brothers Drilling Company, Spokane, Washington, under subcontract to Fenix and Scisson, Inc. The hole was cored for the US Department of Energy and the Rockwell Hanford Operations' Basalt Waste Isolation Program. Fenix and Scisson, Inc. furnished the engineering, daily supervision of the core drilling activities, and geologic core logging for hole DC-6. Core hole DC-6 is located within the boundary of the Hanford Site at the old Hanford town site. The Hanford Site coordinates for DC-6 are North 54,127.17 feet and West 17,721.00 feet. The surface elevation is approximately 402 feet above sea level. The purpose of core hole DC-6 was to core drill vertically through the basalt and interbed units for stratigraphic depth determination and core collection and to provide a borehole for hydrologic testing. The total depth of core hole DC-6 was 4336 feet. Core recovery was 98.4% of the total footage cored.

The MHD and high-temperature fuel cell literature was surveyed for data pertaining to materials properties in order to identify materials used in MHD power generation which also might be suitable for component use in high-temperature fuel cells. Classes of MHD-electrode materials evaluated include carbides, nitrides, silicides, borides, composites, and oxides. Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/-stabilized ZrO/sub 2/ used as a reference point to evaluate materials for use in the solid-oxide fuel cell. Physical and chemical properties such as electrical resistivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, and thermodynamic stability toward oxidation were used to screen candidate materials. A number of the non-oxide ceramic MHD-electrode materials appear promising for use in the solid-electrolyte and molten-carbonate fuel cell as anodes or anode constituents. The MHD-insulator materials appear suitable candidates for electrolyte-support tiles in the molten-carbonate fuel cells. The merits and possible problem areas for these applications are discussed and additional needed areas of research are delineated.

A stack of nuclear emulsions was irradiated by 400 Gev/c protons at FNAL. In this work a search for the short-lived particles has been carried out by a new method that allowed to detect secondary events (including the narrow ones) on short distances from the parent star. By measuring angles, momenta and ionizations of the secondary particles they could identify electrons and distinguish them from hadrons. In search for the decays of charged of particles on n{sub s} {ge} 3 charged relativistic particles or of neutral ones on two or four charged particles the environments of the 1120 stars has been looked through up to 1 mm from the center of parent star inside of cone 0{sub L} {le} 4{sup o}. By this method 21 secondary events of the type O + O + n{sub s} have been selected. After excluding background due to the nuclear and electro-magnetic interactions 9 events remained (from which 4 of the type O + O + 2n, 2 of the type O + O + 3p and 4 of the type O + O + 4n). They consider them as decays of the new short-lived particles. All these 9 events are characterized by jet …

This Gruy Federal Type III-A geopressured-geothermal (Geo) prospect was drilled as the Pan American Petroleum Corporation (now Amoco) No. 1 State Lease No. 4183, serial No. 1702399670. The well was abandoned in February 1970. it is located 1,200 feet north and 2,300 feet east from the southwest corner of Section 27, Township 15S, Range 4W. The location is shown on the USGS topographic sheet ''Hog Bayou'', a portion of which is included as figure I. The well is accessible by lease roads off State Highway No. 82. A location plat is included as figure II. This Geo prospect is located on State land within the Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge and Game Preserve. The oil and gas leasehold rights are held by production from another well owned and operated by Amoco Production Company and other joint partners.

In a stack of nuclear emulsion irradiated by 200 Gev/c {pi}{sup -}-mesons at FNAL, we have made a search for new short-lived particles by tracing all secondary tracks from the star in a cone of 0 < 0,1 rad up to the distance of 1 mm. The sample of stars consisted of 350 {pi}{sup -} N- and 250 {pi}{sup -} A-interactions. They have found one peculiar event. Among {pi}{sup -} A-interactions there is star of type 21 + 6 + 23 p in which one secondary prong (0{sub L} = 4,6{sup o}) gives at the distance 42 {micro} from the center of the star very narrow jet of the type 0 + 0 + 5p. Measurements of the angles, momenta and ionizations of the particles from this jet allowed to identify two particles as electrons. A total momentum of all five particles is about 9 Gev/c. Probability to observe such narrow jet due to an ordinary nuclear interaction on nucleon or coherent reaction on nucleus with production of five charged particles (including e{sup +}e{sup -} pair) at 10-20 Gev/c is less than 0,5.10{sup -6}, and by this reason they treat it as a decay of new short-lived particle. Estimation of …

The study is composed of analytical chemistry and biological divisions with freshwater and marine biological subdivisions. The objective of the analytical phase is to identify those chemical compounds, other than the free and combined available halogen, which result from the addition of chlorine to fresh or saltwater. The objectives of the biological studies are to investigate the immediate and relatively long-term toxicity of several chlorination by-products to selected aquatic biota; to follow their pathways of action; and to analyze for bioaccumulation or biomagnification. Initial analytical experimentation has been directed toward isolating and identifying nonpolar, lipophylic organohalogens that might be expected to be absorbed and biomagnified in the lipids of aquatic biota. Chlorinated natural fresh and marine water samples were obtained from Task IIa and b. Organic components were concentrated by forcing chlorinated and unchlorinated water through columns of XAD-2 resin using a positive displacement pump. Ether extracts of the XAD-2 columns were analyzed for haloforms by gas chromatography. Bromoform was found to be the major constituent in all chlorinated sea water samples. In contrast, chloroform was the only haloform produced from chlorinated freshwater. The Freshwater Biology 6-month chronic bioassay on rainbow trout has produced several results. The mortality rate, although …

The interrelationships among different demographic factors, specific causes of death, median family income, and estimated air pollution emissions were examined. Using the Medical Data Base (MEDABA) developed at Brookhaven National Laboratory, the entire population of the United States was cross-tabulated by income and emission levels of air pollutants. Path analysis was used to examine a number of patterns and relationships for each age, race, and sex group containing a minimum of 10,000 persons. Competitive and complementary effects were observed. These effects were frequently age dependent and occasionaly sex related. This specialized data base, the application of path analysis, and the development of a dynamic population and mortality model, in combination, proved to be a useful tool for investigating the effects of energy related pollutants on the exposed population.

The types of geothermal energy conversion systems in use are classified as follows: direct, dry steam; separated steam; single-flash steam; double-flash steam; multi-flash steam; brine/Freon binary cycle; and brine/isobutane binary cycle. The thermodynamics of each of these is discussed with reference to simplified flow diagrams. Typical existing power plants are identified for each type of system. (MHR)

An important dynamic aspect of DNA in solution is the presence of coupled motions in its structure that involve bending, stretching, unwinding, and shearing components. It is postulated that these motions arise from wave propagation in the polymer, excited through impulses generated by the random and continuous bombardment of DNA by solvent molecules along its length. This gives rise to travelling structural distortions in DNA that result in DNA breathing and in drug intercalation. These distortions can be thought of as premelting conformational changes in DNA, and, in this respect, could have important implications in understanding the structure of DNA active in RNA transcription, DNA replication, and genetic recombination. The nature of these distortions is further documented and their relationship to DNA breathing and to drug intercalation is discussed.A key intermediate in these processes is the multiply kinked structure, ..beta.. kinked DNA. This structure has both B and A characteristics, and it is postulated that this structure is a conformational intermediated in the B ..-->.. A polymorphic transition. In addition, a class of intercalators known as the bis functional intercalators, molecules that have two intercalative chromophores separated by about 10.2 A is discussed. These bifunctional intercalators appear to bind DNA …

High energy proton storage rings are designed to make maximal use of the available vacuum chamber aperture. This is dictated primarily by economic considerations. The accumulation of current in a typical high energy ring creates a rather unusual beam configuration: in particular, a ribbon beam in a circular chamber set well off the central axis. The result is an enhanced resistive wall instability. This could be anticipated from the strong dependence of the current threshold on the chamber radius for a centered beam. For an off-centered beam, one might expect that the relevant replacement for the radius would be the distance of closest approach. The case of a wide ribbon-type beam is treated. The current threshold is obtained as a solution to a coupled oscillator eigenvalue problem. When the beam is small as occurs near the beginning of current stack formation, the problem is reduced to a dispersion relation. Results are expressed in terms of ISABELLE parameters. Some conclusions relevant to the ISABELLE design are presented.