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Electricity: The Road Toward Restructuring (open access)

Electricity: The Road Toward Restructuring

The Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 (PUHCA) and the Federal Power Act (FPA) were enacted to eliminate unfair practices and other abuses by electricity and gas holding companies by requiring federal control and regulation of interstate public utility holding companies. Comprehensive energy legislation has passed the House and Senate. The House passed H.R. 6 on April 11, 2003. On July 31, 2003, the Senate suspended debate on S. 14, inserted the text of H.R. 4 (107th Congress) as a substitute, and passed H.R. 6. A conference agreement was reached November 17, 2003, and passed by the House the next day. H.R. 6 includes an electricity title that would, in part, repeal PUHCA, would prospectively repeal the mandatory purchase requirement under PURPA, and would create an electric reliability organization. On June 15, 2004, H.R. 4503, a comprehensive energy policy bill, passed the House.
Date: June 5, 2002
Creator: Abel, Amy & Parker, Larry
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol Process Design and Economics Utilizing Co-Current Dilute Acid Prehydrolysis and Enzymatic Hydrolysis for Corn Stover (open access)

Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol Process Design and Economics Utilizing Co-Current Dilute Acid Prehydrolysis and Enzymatic Hydrolysis for Corn Stover

This report is an update of NREL's ongoing process design and economic analyses of processes related to developing ethanol from lignocellulosic feedstocks. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is promoting the development of ethanol from lignocellulosic feedstocks as an alternative to conventional petroleum-based transportation fuels. DOE funds both fundamental and applied research in this area and needs a method for predicting cost benefits of many research proposals. To that end, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has modeled many potential process designs and estimated the economics of each process during the last 20 years. This report is an update of the ongoing process design and economic analyses at NREL. We envision updating this process design report at regular intervals; the purpose being to ensure that the process design incorporates all new data from NREL research, DOE funded research and other sources, and that the equipment costs are reasonable and consistent with good engineering practice for plants of this type. For the non-research areas this means using equipment and process approaches as they are currently used in industrial applications. For the last report, published in 1999, NREL performed a complete review and update of the process design and economic model for …
Date: June 2002
Creator: Aden, A.; Ruth, M.; Ibsen, K.; Jechura, J.; Neeves, K.; Sheehan, J. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Kaon Production and Kaon to Pion Ratio in Au+Au Collisions at {radical}(s{sub NN})=130 GeV (open access)

Kaon Production and Kaon to Pion Ratio in Au+Au Collisions at {radical}(s{sub NN})=130 GeV

Mid-rapidity transverse mass spectra and multiplicity densities of charged and neutral kaons are reported for Au+Au collisions at {radical}s{sub NN}=130 GeV at RHIC. The spectra are exponential in transverse mass, with an inverse slope of about 280 MeV in central collisions. The multiplicity densities for these particles scale with the negative hadron pseudo-rapidity density. The charged kaon to pion ratios are K{sup +}/{pi}{sup -} = 0.161 {+-} 0.002(stat) {+-} 0.024(syst) and K{sup -}/{pi}{sup -} = 0.146 {+-} 0.002(stat) {+-} 0.022(syst) for the most central collisions. The K{sup +}/{pi}{sup -} ratio is lower than the same ratio observed at the SPS while the K{sup -}/{pi}{sup -} is higher than the SPS result. Both ratios are enhanced by about 50% relative to p+p and {bar p}+p collision data at similar energies.
Date: June 13, 2002
Creator: Adler, C.; Ahammed, Z.; Allgower, C.; Amonett, J.; Anderson, B. D.; Anderson, M. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Western Hemisphere Trade Developments (open access)

Western Hemisphere Trade Developments

None
Date: June 24, 2002
Creator: Ahearn, Raymond J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
THE RHIC BEAM ABORT SYSTEM - OPERATION DURING THE RHIC 2001 GOLD RUN. (open access)

THE RHIC BEAM ABORT SYSTEM - OPERATION DURING THE RHIC 2001 GOLD RUN.

None
Date: June 2, 2002
Creator: Ahrens, L.; Mi, J. L. & Zhang, W.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Contaminant-Organic Complexes: Their Structure and Energetics in Surface Decontamination Processes (open access)

Contaminant-Organic Complexes: Their Structure and Energetics in Surface Decontamination Processes

The current debate over possible decontamination processes for U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) facilities is centered on disparate decontamination problems, but the key contaminants (uranium [U], plutonium [Pu], and neptunium [Np]) are universally important. There is no single decontamination technique or agent for all metal surfaces and contaminants with which DOE is faced. However, more innovative agents used alone or in conjunction with traditional processes can increase the potential to reclaim for future use some of these valuable resources or, at the least, decontaminate the metal surfaces to allow disposal as nonradioactive, nonhazardous material. This debate underscores several important issues: (1) regardless of the decontamination scenario, metal (Fe, U, Pu, Np) oxide film removal from the surface is central to decontamination; and (2) simultaneous oxide dissolution and sequestration of actinide contaminants against re-adsorption to a clean metal surface will influence the efficacy of a process or agent and its cost.
Date: June 2002
Creator: Ainsworth, C. C.; Hay, B. P.; Traina, S. J. & Myneni, S. C. B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Effect of Heterogeneity on In-Situ Combustion: The Propagation of Combustion Fronts in Layered Porous Media (open access)

The Effect of Heterogeneity on In-Situ Combustion: The Propagation of Combustion Fronts in Layered Porous Media

This report extend the approach to heterogeneous systems, by considering the simpler case of in-situ combustion in layered porous media (and particularly to a two-layer model). Analytical models were developed to delineate the combined elects of fluid flow, reaction and heat transfer on the dynamics of combustion fronts in layered porous media, using as parameters the thermal coupling between the layers, the heat transfer to the surroundings and the permeability contrast.
Date: June 11, 2002
Creator: Akkutlu, I. Yucel & Yortsos, Yanis C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Laboratory Directed Research and Development FY2001 Annual Report (open access)

Laboratory Directed Research and Development FY2001 Annual Report

Established by Congress in 1991, the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program provides the Department of Energy (DOE)/National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) laboratories, like Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL or the Laboratory), with the flexibility to invest up to 6% of their budget in long-term, high-risk, and potentially high payoff research and development (R&D) activities to support the DOE/NNSA's national security missions. By funding innovative R&D, the LDRD Program at LLNL develops and extends the Laboratory's intellectual foundations and maintains its vitality as a premier research institution. As proof of the Program's success, many of the research thrusts that started many years ago under LDRD sponsorship are at the core of today's programs. The LDRD Program, which serves as a proving ground for innovative ideas, is the Laboratory's most important single resource for fostering excellent science and technology for today's needs and tomorrow's challenges. Basic and applied research activities funded by LDRD enhance the Laboratory's core strengths, driving its technical vitality to create new capabilities that enable LLNL to meet DOE/NNSA's national security missions. The Program also plays a key role in building a world-class multidisciplinary workforce by engaging the Laboratory's best researchers, recruiting its future scientists and engineers, …
Date: June 20, 2002
Creator: Al-Ayat, R
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Comparison of STIS and SNAP spectrograph throughputs (open access)

Comparison of STIS and SNAP spectrograph throughputs

This is a comparison of the measured throughput of STIS on HST versus what we might expect from the spectrograph on SNAP. The principle reference is Woodgate et al. (1998) PASP, 110, 1183. Additional material was taken from the STIS Handbook, available on-line at www.stsci.edu. The goal is to demonstrate that there are sound reasons to expect better performance for a SNAP spectrograph (even one with a grating) than would be expected by scaling from HST+STIS.
Date: June 30, 2002
Creator: Aldering, Greg
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library

Oral History Interview with Frank H. Bigelow, June 13, 2002

Access: Use of this item is restricted to the UNT Community
Interview with Navy veteran Frank H. Bigelow, survivor of the siege of Corregidor. The interview includes Bigelow's personal experiences about being a prisoner-of-war of the Japanese during World War II, boyhood in North Dakota, various jobs during the Great Depression, and enlisting in the Navy. Additionally, Bigelow speaks about volunteering for duty in the Philippines and his assignment to the submarine tender USS Canopus, pre-war military life in the Philippines, the Japanese bombing of Cavite Navy Yard and the destruction of the Canopus, retreating to Bataan and to Corregidor, the fall of Corregidor, his confinement in the 92nd Garage area, the forced march down Dewey Boulevard in Manila and confinement at Cabanatuan, hell ship to Japan, coal mining for Mitsui Heavy Industries, the amputation of his leg by fellow prisoners after a mining accident, liberation, and the destruction in Nagasaki due to the atomic bomb. The interview includes an appendix with an article titled "A Soldier's Story."
Date: June 13, 2002
Creator: Alexander, William J. & Bigelow, Frank H., 1921-
Object Type: Book
System: The UNT Digital Library
Solution In-Line Alpha Counter (SILAC) Instruction Manual-Version 4.00 (open access)

Solution In-Line Alpha Counter (SILAC) Instruction Manual-Version 4.00

The Solution In-Line Alpha Counter (SILAC) provides near real-time alpha activity measurements of aqueous solutions in gloveboxes located in the Plutonium Facility (TA-55) at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The SILAC detector and its interface software were first developed by Joel Farnham at LANL [1]. This instruction manual describes the features of the SILAC interface software and contains the schematic and fabrication instructions for the detector.
Date: June 2002
Creator: Alferink, Steven M.; Farnham, Joel E.; Fowler, Malcolm M. & Wong, Amy S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Radiation-induced segregation and the relationship to physical properties in irradiated austenitic alloys. (open access)

Radiation-induced segregation and the relationship to physical properties in irradiated austenitic alloys.

Radiation-induced changes in composition are studied because these changes can degrade failure of materials irradiated in nuclear reactors. In this work, the effect of alloy composition on radiation-induced segregation, hardening, and void swelling is presented. Five alloys, Fe-18Cr-8Ni, Fe-16Cr-13Ni, Fe-18Cr-40Ni, Fe-16Cr-13Ni+Mo, and Fe-16Cr-13Ni+Mo+P (all compositions in wt. %), were irradiated with 3.2 MeV protons at 400 C to a dose of 0.5 displacements per atom. The change in grain boundary composition was measured using field emission gun scanning transmission electron microscopy and the hardening was measured using Vickers indentation. Void swelling is calculated from the void size distribution measured using transmission electron microscopy. After irradiation, Cr depletes and Ni enriches at grain boundaries. Increasing bulk Ni concentration causes greater Cr depletion and Ni enrichment at grain boundaries. For alloys with 16 Cr, the addition of P reduces the Cr depletion and Ni enrichment. Hardening does not directly correlate with composition, but a framework for isolating the effect of hardening and segregation on cracking is suggested. The amount of void swelling in the irradiated material is shown to correspond inversely with segregation. Those alloys with greater segregation tend to swell less.
Date: June 5, 2002
Creator: Allen, T. R.; Cole, J. I.; Was, G. S. & Kenik, E. A.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Properties of 20% cold-worked 316 stainless steel irradiated at low dose rate. (open access)

Properties of 20% cold-worked 316 stainless steel irradiated at low dose rate.

To assess the effects of long-term, low-dose-rate neutron exposure, tensile, hardness, and fracture properties were measured and microstructural characterization performed on irradiated 20% cold-worked Type 316 stainless steel. Samples were prepared from reactor core components retrieved from the EBR-II reactor following final shutdown. Sample locations were chosen to cover a dose range of 1-56 dpa at temperatures from 371-390 C and dose rates from 0.8-3.3 x 10{sup -7} dpa/s. Irradiation caused hardening, with the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) reaching about 800 MPa near 20 dpa and appearing to saturate at higher doses. The yield strength (YS) follows approximately the same trend as the ultimate tensile strength. At higher dose, the difference between the UTS and YS decreases, suggesting the work-hardening capability of the material is decreasing with increasing dose. The hardness and yield strength increases occur roughly over the same range of dose. While the material retained respectable ductility at 20 dpa, the uniform and total elongation decreased to <1 and <3%, respectively, at 47 dpa. Fracture in the 30 dpa specimen is mainly ductile but with local regions of mixed-mode failure, consisting mainly of dimples and microvoids. The fracture surface of the higher-exposure 47 dpa specimen displays more brittle …
Date: June 5, 2002
Creator: Allen, T. R.; Tsai, H.; Cole, J. I.; Ohta, J.; Dohi, K. & Kusanagi, H.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Reactive Multiphase behavior of CO2 in Saline Aquifers beneath the Colorado Plateau (open access)

Reactive Multiphase behavior of CO2 in Saline Aquifers beneath the Colorado Plateau

Gas reservoirs developed within the Colorado Plateau and Southern Rocky Mountains region are natural laboratories for studying the factors that promote long-term storage of CO{sub 2}. They also provide sites for storing additional CO{sub 2} if it can be separated from the flue gases of coal-fired power plants in this part of the U.S.A. These natural reservoirs are developed primarily in sandstones and dolomites; shales, mudstones and anhydrite form seals. In many fields, stacked reservoirs are present, indicating that the gas has migrated up through the section. There are also geologically young travertine deposits at the surface, and CO{sub 2}-charged groundwater and springs in the vicinity of known CO{sub 2} occurrences. These near-surface geological and hydrological features also provide examples of the environmental effects of leakage of CO{sub 2} from reservoirs, and justify further study. During reporting period covered here (the second quarter of Year 2 of the project, i.e. January 1-March 31, 2002), the main achievements were: (1) Field trips to the central Utah and eastern Arizona travertine areas to collect data and water samples to support study of surface CO{sub 2}-rich fluid leakage in these two areas. (2) Partial completion of a manuscript on natural analogues CO{sub 2} …
Date: June 30, 2002
Creator: Allis, R. G.; Moore, J. & White, S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Y-12 Integrated Materials Management System (open access)

Y-12 Integrated Materials Management System

The Integrated Materials Management System, when fully implemented, will provide the Y-12 National Security Complex with advanced inventory information and analysis capabilities and enable effective assessment, forecasting and management of nuclear materials, critical non-nuclear materials, and certified supplies. These capabilities will facilitate future Y-12 stockpile management work, enhance interfaces to existing National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) corporate-level information systems, and enable interfaces to planned NNSA systems. In the current national nuclear defense environment where, for example, weapons testing is not permitted, material managers need better, faster, more complete information about material properties and characteristics. They now must manage non-special nuclear material at the same high-level they have managed SNM, and information capabilities about both must be improved. The full automation and integration of business activities related to nuclear and non-nuclear materials that will be put into effect by the Integrated Materials Management System (IMMS) will significantly improve and streamline the process of providing vital information to Y-12 and NNSA managers. This overview looks at the kinds of information improvements targeted by the IMMS project, related issues, the proposed information architecture, and the progress to date in implementing the system.
Date: June 3, 2002
Creator: Alspaugh, D. H. & Hickerson, T. W.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
INTEGRATED SYSTEM TO CONTROL PRIMARY PM 2.5 FROM ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS (open access)

INTEGRATED SYSTEM TO CONTROL PRIMARY PM 2.5 FROM ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS

The performance tests at E.C. Gaston showed how the Advanced ElectroCore field prototype performance changed as a function of the gas flow, inlet loading and the voltage applied to the central electrode in the separator. With the optimum voltage applied to the electrode, the unit achieved a maximum efficiency of 96.38 percent and a minimum outlet loading of 0.0021 grains/dscf while operating with a specific separating area (SSA) of 100 square feet per thousand acfm. The minimum outlet loading translates to about 0.00575 lb{sub m}/million Btu or less than one fifth of the current NSPS standard of 0.03 lb{sub m}/million Btu. The highest efficiency for the upstream ESP was about 99.75 percent. Together these two systems are capable of removing 99.991 percent of the particulate matter coming from the uncontrolled boiler. This efficiency is higher than the target efficiency of 99.99 percent and the outlet loading of 0.00575 lb{sub m}/million Btu is almost half of the target emission rate of 0.01 lb{sub m}/million stated in the program objectives. In terms of efficiency and outlet concentration, the tests showed that the Advanced ElectroCore can meet or exceed the program goals. The mercury capture tests were conducted using the Ontario Hydro method. …
Date: June 30, 2002
Creator: Altman, Ralph
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Final report [The 15th Workshop on Electromagnetic Induction in the Earth, held 8/20-26/2000, and The 5th Magnetotelluric Data Interpretation Workshop, 8/17-19/2000] (open access)

Final report [The 15th Workshop on Electromagnetic Induction in the Earth, held 8/20-26/2000, and The 5th Magnetotelluric Data Interpretation Workshop, 8/17-19/2000]

This document reports on how the DOE helped to support travel of students and scientists to the conferences in Brazil. Attendee names, funding, and session titles are listed.
Date: June 25, 2002
Creator: Alumbaugh, David L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Southwest Retort, Volume 54, Number 9, May/June 2002 (open access)

Southwest Retort, Volume 54, Number 9, May/June 2002

This publication of the Dallas-Fort Worth Section of the American Chemical Society includes information about research, prominent scientist, organizational business, and various other stories of interest to the community.
Date: June 2002
Creator: American Chemical Society. Dallas/Fort Worth Section.
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The UNT Digital Library
Digitization of Government Information (open access)

Digitization of Government Information

Report submitted by an American Libraries Association (ALA) Government Documents Round Table (GODORT) ad hoc committee charged to "create a report advising GODORT on the best practices and procedures in the digital library field and advise GODORT on the most effective organizational structure for support of the government information community in pursuing digital library initiatives" (p. 2).
Date: June 14, 2002
Creator: American Library Association. Government Documents Round Table. Ad Hoc Committee on Digitization Of Government Information.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Characterization and recovery of solvent entrained during the use of centrifugal contactors. (open access)

Characterization and recovery of solvent entrained during the use of centrifugal contactors.

In this work, we determined how a decanter for the aqueous effluents would work for solvent extraction operations using a centrifugal contactor. Solvent entrainment was measured in the raffinate and strip aqueous effluents in the caustic-side solvent extraction (CSSX) process. Values were obtained for both the solvent concentration and its droplet size distribution. The mixing intensity of the two phases in the mixing zone of the contactor was used to simulate the performance of lab-scale, pilot-plant, and plant-scale contactors. The droplet size distributions were used to estimate the amount of solvent that would be recovered using a decanter tank. It was concluded that the performance of decanter tanks will not be as effective in solvent recovery in the CSSX plan as that of other equipment, such as centrifuges and coalescers. Future testing is recommended to verify the performance of this alternative equipment.
Date: June 27, 2002
Creator: Arafat, H. A.; Hash, M. C.; Hebden, A. S. & Leonard, R. A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
U.S.A. visibility monitoring, trends, and regulatory programs and their relevance to Korea. (open access)

U.S.A. visibility monitoring, trends, and regulatory programs and their relevance to Korea.

This paper describes visibility monitoring and regulatory programs in the United States, particularly within certain designated National Parks and Wilderness Areas. Government agencies responsible for the management of federal lands, in cooperation with other federal, state, and regional air quality organizations, have established a monitoring program of more than 125 sites. Recent visual documentation (scene images), optical measurements, and aerosol characterizations (mass and chemical speciation) obtained at selected monitoring sites are presented, as information on general spatial and temporal visibility trends. National regulations are described that limit the amount of additional visibility impairment from new or modified emission sources and that establish a schedule for improving existing conditions in designated areas. The relevance of the experience in developing and implementing these programs to the planning for programs to address emerging visibility problems in Korea is discussed.
Date: June 18, 2002
Creator: Archer, S. F. & Chun, K. C.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library

Antelope Hills

Photograph of a scene on the Antelope Hills.
Date: June 17, 2002
Creator: Argo, Jim
Object Type: Photograph
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History

Antelope Hills

Photograph of a scene on the Antelope Hills.
Date: June 17, 2002
Creator: Argo, Jim
Object Type: Photograph
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History

Antelope Hills

Photograph of a scene on the Antelope Hills.
Date: June 17, 2002
Creator: Argo, Jim
Object Type: Photograph
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History