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1998 INEEL National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants - Radionuclides (open access)

1998 INEEL National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants - Radionuclides

Under Section 61.94 of Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 61, Subpart H, ''National Emission Standards for Emission of Radionuclides Other Than Radon From Department of Energy Facilities,'' each Department of Energy (DOE) facility must submit an annual report documenting compliance. This report addresses the Section 61.94 reporting requirements for operations at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) for calendar year (CY) 1998. The Idaho Operations Office of the DOE is the primary contract concerning compliance with the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) at the INEEL. For CY 1998, airborne radionuclide emissions from the INEEL operations were calculated to result in a maximum individual dose to a member of the public of 7.92E-03 mrem (7.92E-08 Sievert). This effective dose equivalent (EDE) is well below the 40 CFR 61, Subpart H, regulatory standard of 10 mrem per year (1.0E-04 Sievert per year).
Date: June 1, 1999
Creator: Tkachyk, J. W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The $2000 Electric Powertrain Option-1 Program. Final technical report (open access)

The $2000 Electric Powertrain Option-1 Program. Final technical report

This report describes the tasks accomplished as part of Northrop Grumman's TRP $2000 Electric Powertrain Option-1 program. Northrop Grumman has strived to achieve technology advances and development considered as high priority to the success of future electric vehicles. Northrop Grumman has achieved the intent of the program by taking several steps toward reducing the cost of the electric vehicle powertrain, demonstrating technologies in the form of hardware and introducing enhancements into production that are consistent with the needs of the market.
Date: June 1, 1999
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
3D modeling of metallic grain growth (open access)

3D modeling of metallic grain growth

This paper will describe simulating metallic grain growth using the Gradient Weighted Moving Finite Elements code, GRAIN3D. The authors also describe the set of mesh topology change operations developed to respond to changes in the physical topology such as the collapse of grains and to maintain uniform calculational mesh quality. Validation of the method is demonstrated by comparison to analytic calculations. The authors present results of multigrain simulations where grain boundaries evolve by mean curvature motion and include results which incorporate grain boundary orientation dependence.
Date: June 1, 1999
Creator: George, D.; Carlson, N.; Gammel, J.T. & Kuprat, A.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Acceleration schedules for a recirculating heavy-ion accelerator (open access)

Acceleration schedules for a recirculating heavy-ion accelerator

The recent development of miniature inductive adders has made it feasible to design programmable, high-repetition-rate pulsers with a substantially higher voltage than is possible using a conventional field-effect transistor architecture. Prototype pulsers using the new technology are being developed as part of a series of experiments at LLNL to test the concept of a recirculating induction accelerator. Preliminary numerical work is reported here to determine what effects the higher-voltage pulsers would have on the beam quality of the LLNL small recirculator.
Date: June 1, 1999
Creator: Grote, D. P. & Sharp, W.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Acid-Base Behavior in Hydrothermal Processing of Wastes (open access)

Acid-Base Behavior in Hydrothermal Processing of Wastes

A new technology, hydrothermal oxidation (also called supercritical water oxidation), is being developed to treat high level nuclear wastes. Nitrates are reduced to nitrogen; furthermore, phosphates, alumina sludge, and chromium are solubilized, and the sludge is reconstituted as fine oxide particles. A major obstacle to development of this technology has been a lack of scientific knowledge of chemistry in hydrothermal solution above 350 C, particularly acid-base behavior, and transport phenomena, which is needed to understand corrosion, metal-ion complexation, and salt precipitation and recovery. Our objective is to provide this knowledge with in-situ UV-vis spectroscopic measurements and fully molecular computer simulation.
Date: June 1, 1999
Creator: Johnston, Keith P. & Rossky, Peter
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Acoustic Probe for Solid-Gas-Liquid Suspensions (open access)

Acoustic Probe for Solid-Gas-Liquid Suspensions

The proposed research will develop an acoustic probe for monitoring particle size and volume fraction in slurries in the absence and presence of gas. The goals are to commission and verify the probe components and system operation, develop theory for the forward and inverse problems for acoustic wave propagation through a three phase medium, and experimentally verify the theoretical analysis. The acoustic probe will permit measurement of solid content in gas-solid-liquid waste slurries in tanks across the DOE complex.
Date: June 1, 1999
Creator: Tavlarides, Lawrence L. & Greenwood, Margaret
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Actinide-Specific Interfacial Chemistry of Monolayer Coated Mesoporous Ceramics (open access)

Actinide-Specific Interfacial Chemistry of Monolayer Coated Mesoporous Ceramics

The objective of this program is to design, synthesize, and evaluate high-efficiency, high-capacity sorbent materials capable of selectively sequestering actinides from complex aqueous mixtures. One of the central goals of this project is to understand the fundamental interfacial science required to develop novel mesoporous materials coated with organized monolayers of rationally designed ligands, custom-tailored for binding specific actinide cations. This capability addresses waste management by separation of actinides, a central concern of high-level waste (HLW) management at several DOE sites. PNNL has developed self-assembled monolayers on mesoporous supports (SAMMS) as a superior method of mercury and heavy metal sequestration. SAMMS has proven to be orders of magnitude faster and more effective than existing mercury-scavenging methods. This project builds on the SAMMS concept and extends the interfacial chemistry of monolayer-coated mesoporous materials to study the requirements of selective binding of actinides. The need exists in the management of DOE's HLW to be able to selectively and completely remove the actinides so that HLW volume can be minimized and the nonradioactive components can be segregated and disposed of as low-level waste (LLW). In addition, the short-term risk assessment for tank closure requires a complete and accurate accounting of actinide speciation. These needs …
Date: June 1999
Creator: Fryxell, Glen E.; Kemner, Ken; Raymond, K.N. & Zemanian, Tom S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Activities with Argentina. Spring 1999. A U.S. Department of Energy Cooperative Program with the National Atomic Energy Commission of the Argentine Republic (open access)

Activities with Argentina. Spring 1999. A U.S. Department of Energy Cooperative Program with the National Atomic Energy Commission of the Argentine Republic

In 1989, the US Department of Energy (DOE) responded to the need to redirect resources from weapons production to environmental restoration and waste management by establishing the Office of Environmental Management (EM) and delegated to this office the responsibility of cleaning up the US nuclear weapons complex. Now in its eight year, EM`s mission has three central facets: (1) to assess, remediate, and monitor contaminated sites and facilities; (2) to store, treat, and dispose of waste from past and current operations; and (3) to develop and implement innovative technologies for environmental cleanup. To this end, EM has established domestic and international cooperative technology development programs, including one with the Republic of Argentina. Cooperating with Argentine scientific institutes and industries meets US cleanup objectives by: (1) identifying and accessing Argentine EM-related technologies, thereby leveraging investments and providing cost-savings; (2) improving access to technical information, scientific expertise, and technologies applicable to EM needs; and (3) fostering the development of innovative environmental technologies by increasing US private sector opportunities in Argentina in EM-related areas.
Date: June 1, 1999
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced Experiment Analysis of controls on Microbial FE(III) Oxide Reduction (open access)

Advanced Experiment Analysis of controls on Microbial FE(III) Oxide Reduction

Understanding factors which control the long-term survival and activity of Fe(III)-reducing bacteria (FeRB) in subsurface sedimentary environments is important for predicting the ability of these organisms to serve as agents for bioremediation of organic and inorganic contaminants. This project seeks to refine our quantitative understanding of microbiological and geochemical controls on bacterial Fe(III) oxide reduction and growth of FeRB, using laboratory reactor systems which mimic to varying degrees the physical and chemical conditions of subsurface sedimentary environments. Methods for studying microbial Fe(III) oxide reduction and FeRB growth in experimental systems which incorporate advective aqueous phase flux are being developed for this purpose. These methodologies, together with an accumulating database on the kinetics of Fe(III) reduction and bacterial growth with various synthetic and natural Fe(III) oxide minerals, will be applicable to experimental and modeling studies of subsurface contaminant transformations directly coupled to or influenced by bacterial Fe(III) oxide reduction activity.
Date: June 1, 1999
Creator: Roden, Eric E. & Urrutia, Matilde M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced High Resolution Seismic Imaging, Material Properties Estimation and Full Wavefield Inversion for the Shallow Subsurface (open access)

Advanced High Resolution Seismic Imaging, Material Properties Estimation and Full Wavefield Inversion for the Shallow Subsurface

Develop and test advanced near vertical to wide-angle seismic methods for structural imaging and material properties estimation of the shallow subsurface for environmental characterization efforts.
Date: June 1, 1999
Creator: Levander, Alan; Symes, William W. & Zelt, C.A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced Sensing and Control Techniques to Facilitate Semi-Autonomous Decommissioning (open access)

Advanced Sensing and Control Techniques to Facilitate Semi-Autonomous Decommissioning

This research is intended to advance the technology of semi-autonomous teleoperated robotics as applied to Decontamination and Decommissioning (D&D) tasks. Specifically, research leading to a prototype dual-manipulator mobile work cell is underway. This cell is supported and enhanced by computer vision, virtual reality and advanced robotics technology.
Date: June 1, 1999
Creator: Schalkoff, Robert J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Age, Volume 22, Number 6, June 1999 (open access)

The Age, Volume 22, Number 6, June 1999

Monthly publication containing information related to Chambers County, Texas, including current events of the Chambers County Historical Commission, the Wallisville Heritage Park, and the Chambers County historical and genealogical societies; reprinted newspaper articles about county events and citizens; and historical news and records.
Date: June 1999
Creator: Wallisville Heritage Park (Organization)
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The Portal to Texas History
Airborne laser induced fluorescence imaging. Innovative technology summary report (open access)

Airborne laser induced fluorescence imaging. Innovative technology summary report

Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) was demonstration as part of the Fernald Environmental Management Project (FEMP) Plant 1 Large Scale Demonstration and Deployment Project (LSDDP) sponsored by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science and Technology, Deactivation and Decommissioning Focus Area located at the Federal Energy Technology Center (FETC) in Morgantown, West Virginia. The demonstration took place on November 19, 1996. In order to allow the contaminated buildings undergoing deactivation and decommissioning (D and D) to be opened to the atmosphere, radiological surveys of floors, walls and ceilings must take place. After successful completion of the radiological clearance survey, demolition of the building can continue. Currently, this process is performed by collecting and analyzing swipe samples for radiological analysis. Two methods are used to analyze the swipe samples: hand-held frisker and laboratory analysis. For the purpose of this demonstration, the least expensive method, swipe samples analyzed by hand-held frisker, is the baseline technology. The objective of the technology demonstration was to determine if the baseline technology could be replaced using LIF.
Date: June 1, 1999
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
An algorithm to provide real time neutral beam substitution in the DIII-D tokamak (open access)

An algorithm to provide real time neutral beam substitution in the DIII-D tokamak

A key component of the DIII-D tokamak fusion experiment is a flexible and easy to expand digital control system which actively controls a large number of parameters in real-time. These include plasma shape, position, density, and total stored energy. This system, known as the PCS (plasma control system), also has the ability to directly control auxiliary plasma heating systems, such as the 20 MW of neutral beams routinely used on DIII-D. This paper describes the implementation of a real-time algorithm allowing substitution of power from one neutral beam for another, given a fault in the originally scheduled beam. Previously, in the event of a fault in one of the neutral beams, the actual power profile for the shot might be deficient, resulting in a less useful or wasted shot. Using this new real-time algorithm, a stand by neutral beam may substitute within milliseconds for one which has faulted. Since single shots can have substantial value, this is an important advance to DIII-D`s capabilities and utilization. Detailed results are presented, along with a description not only of the algorithm but of the simulation setup required to prove the algorithm without the costs normally associated with using physics operations time.
Date: June 1, 1999
Creator: Phillips, J. C.; Greene, K. L.; Hyatt, A. W.; McHarg, B. B. Jr. & Penaflor, B. G.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
An Alternative Host Matrix Based on Iron Phosphate Glasses for the Vitrification of Specialized Nuclear Waste Forms (open access)

An Alternative Host Matrix Based on Iron Phosphate Glasses for the Vitrification of Specialized Nuclear Waste Forms

Certain high level wastes (HLW) in the U.S. contain components such as phosphates, heavy metals, and halides which make them poorly suited for disposal in borosilicate glasses. Iron phosphate glasses appear to be a technically feasible alternative to borosilicate glasses for vitrifying these HLWs. The iron phosphate glasses mentioned above and their nuclear wasteforms are relatively new, so little is known about their atomic structure, redox equilibria, structure-property relationships, and crystallization products and characteristics. The objective of this research is to gain such information for the binary iron-phosphate glasses as well as iron phosphate wasteforms so that a comprehensive scientific assessment can be made of their usefulness in nuclear waste disposal.
Date: June 1, 1999
Creator: Day, Delbert E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS FOR RAMP-EDGE SNS JUNCTIONS (open access)

ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS FOR RAMP-EDGE SNS JUNCTIONS

We report on the processing optimization and fabrication of ramp-edge high-temperature superconducting junctions by using alternative materials for both superconductor electrodes and normal-metal barrier. By using Ag-doped YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}x} (Ag:YBCO) as electrodes and a cation-modified compound of (Pr{sub y}Gd{sub 0.6{minus}y})Ca{sub 0.4}Ba{sub 1.6}La{sub 0.4}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7} (y = 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6) as a normal-metal barrier, high-temperature superconducting Josephson junctions have been fabricated in a ramp-edge superconductor/normal-metal/superconductor (SNS) configuration. By using Ag:YBCO as electrodes, we have found that the processing controllability /reproducibility and the stability of the SNS junctions are improved substantially. The junctions fabricated with these alternative materials show well-defined RSJ-like current vs voltage characteristics at liquid nitrogen temperature.
Date: June 1999
Creator: Jia, Q. & Fan, Y.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 100, No. 62, Ed. 1 Tuesday, June 1, 1999 (open access)

Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 100, No. 62, Ed. 1 Tuesday, June 1, 1999

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: June 1, 1999
Creator: Cole, Carol
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Analysis of Subsidence Data for the Big Hill Site, Texas (open access)

Analysis of Subsidence Data for the Big Hill Site, Texas

The elevation change data measured at the Big Hill SPR site over the last 10 years has been studied and a model utilized to project elevation changes into the future. The subsidence rate at Big Hill is low in comparison with other Strategic Petroleum Reserve sites and has decreased with time due to the maintenance of higher operating pressures and the normal decrease in creep closure rate of caverns with time. However, the subsidence at the site is projected to continue. A model was developed to project subsidence values 20 years into the future; no subsidence related issues are apparent from these projections.
Date: June 1, 1999
Creator: Bauer, Stephen J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Analytical methods for the determination of carbon tetrachloride in soils. (open access)

Analytical methods for the determination of carbon tetrachloride in soils.

Improved methods for the determination of carbon tetrachloride are described. These methods incorporate purge-and-trap concentration of heated dry samples, an improved methanol extraction procedure, and headspace sampling. The methods minimize sample pretreatment, accomplish solvent substitution, and save time. The methanol extraction and headspace sampling procedures improved the method detection limits and yielded better sensitivity, good recoveries, and good performance. Optimization parameters are shown. Results obtained with these techniques are compared for soil samples from contaminated sites.
Date: June 1, 1999
Creator: Alvarado, J. S.; Spokas, K. & Taylor, J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Application of in-situ gamma spectrometry in the remediation of radioactively contaminated soil (open access)

Application of in-situ gamma spectrometry in the remediation of radioactively contaminated soil

The Fernald Environmental Management Project (FEMP) is a US Department of Energy site that is undergoing total remediation and closure. Most of the remediation effort entails massive excavation of soil for disposal, both offsite and onsite, at an engineered disposal facility. In-situ gamma spectrometry is routinely used to support soil excavation operations to accurately and quickly identify soil areas as being above or below regulatory remediation criteria. Two different in-situ gamma spectrometry systems are used. The first is a sodium iodide (NaI) detector mounted either on a tractor or a jogging stroller, depending on the terrain to be measured. The NaI system allows the collection of a gamma energy spectrum which can be analyzed to identify and quantify radioactive isotopes which are present within the detector`s viewing area. Each energy spectrum is tagged by location coordinates provided by an on-board global positioning system (GPS) to precisely locate elevated contamination areas. The second is a tripod-mounted, high purity germanium detector (HPGe) gamma spectrometry system that is functionally similar to the NaI system. The principal advantage of the HPGe is its superior resolution, which allows much more accurate identification and quantification of radionuclide contaminants in soils. In order to effectively utilize the …
Date: June 1, 1999
Creator: Sutton, C.; Yesso, J.D.; Danahy, R.J. & Cox, T.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Application of Phosphor Thermometry to a Galvanneal Temperature Measurement System (open access)

Application of Phosphor Thermometry to a Galvanneal Temperature Measurement System

The Galvanneal Temperature Measurement System (GTMS) was developed for the American Iron and Steel Institute by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory through a partnership with the National Steel Midwest Division in Portage, Indiana. The GTMS provides crucial on-line thermal process control information during the manufacturing of galvanneal steel. The system has been used with the induction furnaces to measure temperatures ranging from 840 to 1292 F with an accuracy of better than {+-}9 F. The GTMS provides accurate, reliable temperature information thus ensuring a high quality product, reducing waste, and saving energy. The production of uniform, high-quality galvanneal steel is only possible through strict temperature control.
Date: June 1, 1999
Creator: Beshears, D. L.; Allison, S. W.; Andrews, W. H.; Cates, M. R.; Grann, E. B.; Manges, W. W. et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Application of Systems Engineering to U.S. Department of Energy Privatization Project Selection at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation (open access)

Application of Systems Engineering to U.S. Department of Energy Privatization Project Selection at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation

The privatization efforts at the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Nuclear Reservation have been very successful primarily due to a disciplined process for project selection and execution. Early in the development of Privatization at Hanford, the Department of Energy determined that a disciplined alternatives generation and analysis (AGA) process would furnish the candidate projects with the best probability for success. Many factors had to be considered in the selection of projects. Westinghouse Hanford Company was assigned to develop this process and facilitate the selection of the first round of candidate privatization projects. Team members for the AGA process were assembled from all concerned organizations and skill groups. Among the selection criteria were legal, financial and technical considerations which had to be weighed.
Date: June 1, 1999
Creator: Layman, John Scott
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Application of Systems Engineering to U.S. Department of Energy Privatization Project Selection at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation (open access)

Application of Systems Engineering to U.S. Department of Energy Privatization Project Selection at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation

The privatization efforts at the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Nuclear Reservation have been very successful primarily due to a disciplined process for project selection and execution. Early in the development of Privatization at Hanford, the Department of Energy determined that a disciplined alternatives generation and analysis (AGA) process would furnish the candidate projects with the best probability for success. Many factors had to be considered in the selection of projects. Westinghouse Hanford Company was assigned to develop this process and facilitate the selection of the first round of candidate privatization projects. Team members for the AGA process were assembled from all concerned organizations and skill groups. Among the selection criteria were legal, financial and technical considerations which had to be weighed.
Date: June 1, 1999
Creator: Layman, J. A.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Applications and development of high pressure PEM systems (open access)

Applications and development of high pressure PEM systems

Many portable fuel cell applications require high pressure hydrogen, oxygen, or both. High pressure PEM systems that were originally designed and developed primarily for aerospace applications are being redesigned for use in portable applications. Historically, applications can be broken into weight sensitive and weight insensitive cell stack designs. Variants of the weight sensitive designs have been considered to refill oxygen bottles for space suits, to provide oxygen for space shuttle, to provide oxygen and/or reboost propellants to the space station, and to recharge oxygen bottles for commercial aviation. A long operating history has been generated for weight insensitive designs that serve as oxygen generators for submarines. Exciting future vehicle concepts and portable applications are enabled by carefully designing lightweight stacks which do not require additional pressure containment. These include high altitude long endurance solar rechargeable aircraft and airships, water refuelable spacecraft, and a variety of field portable systems. High pressure electrolyzers can refill compressed hydrogen storage tanks for fuel cell powered vehicles or portable fuel cells. Hamilton Standard has demonstrated many high pressure PEM water electrolyzer designs for a variety of applications. Electrolyzers with operational pressures up to 3000 psi (20.7 MPa) are currently used for US Navy submarine oxygen …
Date: June 1, 1999
Creator: Leonida, A; Militsky, F; Myers, B & Weisberg, A H
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library