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3-D Spectral IP Imaging: Non-Invasive Characterization of Contaminant Plumes
The overall objective of this project is to develop the scientific basis for characterizing contaminant plumes in the earth's subsurface using field measurements of induced polarization (IP) effects. Three specific objectives towards this end are: (1) Understanding IP at the laboratory level through measurements of complex resistivity as a function of frequency in rock and soil samples with varying pore geometries, pore fluid conductivities and saturations, and contaminant chemistries and concentrations. (2) Developing effective data acquisition techniques for measuring the critical IP responses (time domain or frequency domain) in the field. (3) Developing modeling and inversion algorithms that permit the interpretation of field IP data in terms of subsurface geology and contaminant plume properties.
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
Morgan, F. Dale; Rodi, William & Lesmes, David
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
3-D Spectral IP Imaging: Non-Invasive Characterization of Contaminant Plumes. 1998 Annual Progress Report
'The overall objective of this project is to develop the scientific basis for characterizing contaminant plumes in the earth''s subsurface using field measurements of induced polarization (IP) effects. Three specific objectives towards this end are: (1) understanding IP at the laboratory level through measurements of complex resistivity as a function of frequency in rock and soil samples with varying pore geometries, pore fluid conductivities and saturations, and contaminant chemistries and concentrations; (2) developing effective data acquisition techniques for measuring the critical IP responses (time domain or frequency domain) in the field; (3) developing modeling and inversion algorithms that permit the interpretation of field IP data in terms of subsurface geology and contaminant plume properties. The authors laboratory experiments to date are described in Appendices A and B, which consist of two papers submitted to the annual SAGEEP conference (Frye et al., 1998; Sturrock et al., 1998). The experiments involved measurements of complex resistivity vs. frequency on a suite of brine saturated sandstone samples. In one set of experiments, the fluid chemistry (pH, ionic strength, and cation type) was varied. In a second set of experiments, the microgeometry of the rock matrix was varied. The experiments showed that spectral IP responses …
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
Morgan, F. D.; Rodi, W. & Lesmes, D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
5-level polysilicon surface micromachine technology: Application to complex mechanical systems
The authors recently reported on the development of a 5-level poly-ilicon surface micromachine fabrication process consisting of four levels of mechanical poly plus an electrical interconnect layer. They are now reporting on the first components designed for and fabricated in this process. These are demonstration systems, which definitively show that five levels of polysilicon provide greater performance, reliability, and significantly increased functionality. This new technology makes it possible to realize levels of system complexity that have so far only existed on paper, while simultaneously adding to the robustness of many of the individual subassemblies.
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
Rodgers, M. S. & Sniegowski, J. J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
1995 and 1996 Upper Three Runs Dye Study Data Analyses
This report presents an analysis of dye tracer studies conducted on Upper Three Runs. The revised STREAM code was used to analyze these studies and derive a stream velocity and a dispersion coefficient for use in aqueous transport models. These models will be used to facilitate the establishment of aqueous effluent limits and provide contaminant transport information to emergency management in the event of a release.
Date:
June 1998
Creator:
Chen, K. F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
1995 Annual epidemiologic surveillance report for Pantex Plant
This report provides a summary of epidemiologic surveillance data collected from the Pantex Plant from January 1, 1995 through December 31,1995. The data were collected by a coordinator at Pantex and submitted to the Epidemiologic Surveillance Data Center,located at Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, where quality control procedures and data analyses were carried out. The data presented apply only to Pantex. The main sections of the report are the same as in previous years; the 1995 report provides additional information describing the work force by age and occupational groups.
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
1996--1997 TEMA/DOE oversight annual report
The Tennessee Emergency Management Agency (TEMA) has entered into a five-year agreement with the Department of Energy (DOE) to provide emergency response activities associated with the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR). The Agreement in Principle (AIP) delineates the duties and responsibilities of the parties. The agreement tasked TEMA with the following responsibilities: develop offsite emergency plans; conduct emergency management training; develop offsite emergency organizations; develop emergency communications; develop emergency facilities; conduct exercises and drills; provide detection and protection equipment; and develop an emergency staff. This report describes progress on the 14 deliverables connected with this contract.
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
1997 Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) -- Radionuclides annual report
Under Section 61.94 of Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 61, Subpart H, National Emission Standards for Emissions of Radionuclides Other Than Radon From Department of Energy Facilities, each Department of Energy (DOE) facility must submit an annual report documenting compliance. This report addresses the Section 61.94 reporting requirements for operations at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) for calendar year (CY) 1997. Section 1 of this report provides an overview of the INEEL facilities and a brief description of the radioactive materials and processes at the facilities. Section 2 identifies radioactive air effluent release points and diffuse sources at the INEEL and actual releases during 1997. Section 2 also describes the effluent control systems for each potential release point. Section 3 provides the methodology and EDE calculations for 1997 INEEL radioactive emissions.
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
ABAREX -- A neutron spherical optical-statistical-model code -- A user`s manual
The contemporary version of the neutron spherical optical-statistical-model code ABAREX is summarized with the objective of providing detailed operational guidance for the user. The physical concepts involved are very briefly outlined. The code is described in some detail and a number of explicit examples are given. With this document one should very quickly become fluent with the use of ABAREX. While the code has operated on a number of computing systems, this version is specifically tailored for the VAX/VMS work station and/or the IBM-compatible personal computer.
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
Smith, A. B. & Lawson, R. D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
About the realization of laser acceleration schemes based on plasmoids in r.f. wells
The laser acceleration of plasmoids is investigated theoretically. Preliminary studies suggest that this configuration, which is based on the forced oscillations of finite pieces of plasma contained in moving or vibrating r.f. wells, has very much simplified plasma physics compared to that of other plasma-based ion acceleration schemes. It is necessary to consider the case when the applied electric field, E, of frequency {omega}, is large, E {le} e/4{pi}{var_epsilon}{sub o}r{lambda}, where r is the Classical electron radius and when the plasma density, n, is high n < 1/r{lambda}{sup 2}. Realization of this proposal requires the development, among other things, of biresonant accelerating systems including oversized single-mode tue-like resonators and the connection of this resonator to a terawatt FELs. If these problems, which will be delineated, are overcome--and progress in optics gives one reason to believe they can be--then gradients of {approximately} 10 GeV/m can be attained. Preliminary design of a linac, based upon this proposal and of a proof-of-principle experiment are presented.
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
Sessler, A. M.; Wurtele, J. S.; Dzergach, A. I. & Kabanov, V. S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Absorbers for the high luminosity insertions of the LHC
At design luminosity and inelastic cross section {sigma}{sub pp} = 80mb there are 8 {times} 10{sup 8} inelastic collisions per second at the high luminosity interaction points IP1 and IP5 of the LHC. These interactions give rise to {approximately} 0.9 kW of power in collision products leaving an IP in each direction. The inelastic collision power carried off by neutrals, mostly neutrons and photons, in each direction and intercepted by neutral absorbers (TAN) has been estimated with the MARS13 code to be 210W. Similarly the collision power escaping the beam tube and incident on the front face of the inner triplet quadrupole absorber (TAS) has been estimated to be {approximately} 270W, mostly carried by charged pions and photons. Special purpose absorbers must intercept this power to prevent quenching the inner triplet quadrupoles (Q1 to Q3) and the twin aperture magnets outside the second beam separation dipole D2. Because of the high incident flux of collision products near zero degrees the absorbers are natural places to consider for the location of radiation hard gas ionization detectors which could be used for: (1) measurement of luminosity, (2) measurement of the beam transverse dimensions at the IP and (3) feedback control of the …
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
Turner, W. C.; Hoyer, E. H. & Mokhov, N. V.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Abstracts of computer programs and data libraries pertaining to photon production data
Abstracts, or descriptions, of computer programs and data libraries pertaining to Photon Production Data (Measurements, Evaluations and Calculations) maintained in the collections of the Radiation Safety Information Computational Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee USA and at the OECD/NEA Data Bank, Paris, are collected in this document.
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
White, J.E.; Manneschmidt, J.B.; Finch, S.Y. & Dickens, J.K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Accelerating cleanup: Paths to closure
This report describes the status of Environmental Management`s (EM`s) cleanup program and a direction forward to complete achievement of the 2006 vision. Achieving the 2006 vision results in significant benefits related to accomplishing EM program objectives. As DOE sites accelerate cleanup activities, risks to public health, the environment, and worker safety and health are all reduced. Finding more efficient ways to conduct work can result in making compliance with applicable environmental requirements easier to achieve. Finally, as cleanup activities at sites are completed, the EM program can focus attention and resources on the small number of sites with more complex cleanup challenges. Chapter 1 describes the process by which this report has been developed and what it hopes to accomplish, its relationship to the EM decision-making process, and a general background of the EM mission and program. Chapter 2 describes how the site-by-site projections were constructed, and summarizes, for each of DOE`s 11 Operations/Field Offices, the projected costs and schedules for completing the cleanup mission. Chapter 3 presents summaries of the detailed cleanup projections from three of the 11 Operations/Field Offices: Rocky Flats (Colorado), Richland (Washington), and Savannah River (South Carolina). The remaining eight Operations/Field Office summaries are in Appendix …
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Accelerator Production of Tritium Software Management Plan
None
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
Olsen, B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Accelerator Production of Tritium Waste Characterization and Certification Challenges
This paper summaries the processes and methods APT used for the identification and classification of the waste streams, the characterization and certification of the waste streams, and waste minimization.
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
Ades, M. J.; England, J. L.; Nowacki, P. L.; Hane, R.; Tempel, K. L.; Pitcher, E. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Acid-base behavior in hydrothermal processing of wastes. 1998 annual progress report
'A new technology, hydrothermal oxidation (also called supercritical water oxidation), is being developed to treat high level nuclear wastes. Nitrates are reduced to nitrogen; furthermore, phosphates, alumina sludge, and chromium are solubilized, and the sludge is reconstituted as fine oxide particles. A major obstacle to development of this technology has been a lack of scientific knowledge of chemistry in hydrothermal solution above 350 C, particularly acid-base behavior, and transport phenomena, which is needed to understand corrosion, metal-ion complexation, and salt precipitation and recovery. The objective is to provide this knowledge with in-situ UV-vis spectroscopic measurements and fully molecular computer simulation. A major objective of the experimental studies has been to determine the equilibria for Cr(VI) up to 420 C as this is a key species to be removed from nuclear wastes. A wide range of concentrations of KOH and perchloric acid were utilized to manipulate the acid-base equilibria and to understand the effects of ion solvation and ion pairing. The second system is the equilibria between nitric acid, nitrous acid, nitrogen dioxide, nitrite and nitrate ions and oxygen. For both of these systems, chemical equilibria has not been measured previously in hydrothermal solution at these temperatures. On the theoretical side, …
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
Johnston, Keith P. & Rossky, Peeter J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Acoustic probe for solid-gas-liquid suspensions. 1998 annual progress report
'The proposed research will develop an acoustic probe for monitoring particle size and volume fraction in slurries in the absence and presence of gas. The goals are to commission and verify the probe components and system operation, develop theory for the forward and inverse problems for acoustic wave propagation through a three phase medium, and experimentally verify the theoretical analysis. The acoustic probe will permit measurement of solid content in gas-liquid-solid waste slurries in tanks across the DOE complex.'
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
Tavlarides, L.L.; Sangani, A.S. & Greenwood, M.S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Adaptive Non-Boltzmann Monte Carlo
This manuscript generalizes the use of transition probabilities (TPs) between states, which are efficient relative to histogram procedures in deriving system properties. The empirical TPs of the simulation depend on the importance weights and are temperature-specific, so they are not conducive to accumulating statistics as weights change or to extrapolating in temperature. To address these issues, the authors provide a method for inferring Boltzmann-weighted TPs for one temperature from simulations run at other temperatures and/or at different adaptively varying importance weights. They refer to these as canonical transition probabilities (CTPs). System properties are estimated from CTPs. Statistics on CTPs are gathered by inserting a low-cost easily-implemented bookkeeping step into the Metropolis algorithm for non-Boltzmann sampling. The CTP method is inherently adaptive, can take advantage of partitioning of the state space into small regions using either serial or (embarrassingly) parallel architectures, and reduces variance by avoiding histogramming. They also demonstrate how system properties may be extrapolated in temperature from CTPs without the extra memory required by using energy as a microstate label. Nor does it require the solution of non-linear equations used in histogram methods.
Date:
June 1998
Creator:
Fitzgerald, M.; Picard, R. R. & Silver, R. N.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Adaptive optics instrument for long-range imaging. Final report
The science and history of imaging through a turbulent atmosphere is reviewed in detail. Traditional methods for reducing the effects of turbulence are presented. A simplified method for turbulence reduction called the Sheared Coherent Interferometric Photography (SCIP) method is presented. Implementation of SCIP is discussed along with experimental results. Limitations in the use of this method are discussed along with recommendations for future improvements.
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
Crawford, Thomas M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The adsorption and reaction of halogenated volatile organic compounds (VOC's) on metal oxides. 1998 annual progress report
'The goal of the research is to elucidate the properties of the materials responsible for the activation of halocarbons and the nature of the intermediates formed in the dissociative adsorption of this class of compounds. This information is essential for interpreting and predicting stoichiometric and catalytic pathways for the safe destruction of halocarbon pollutants. The specific objectives are: (1) to study the adsorption and reactivity of chloromethanes and chloroethanes on metal oxides; (2) to identify the reaction intermediates using spectroscopic methods; and (3) to develop kinetic models for the reaction of these halocarbons with oxide surfaces. This report summarizes work after 20 months of a 36-month project. Emphasis has been placed understanding the surfaces phases, as well as the bulk phases that are present during the reactions of chlorinated hydrocarbons with strongly basic metal oxides. Most of the research has been carried out with carbon tetrachloride.'
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
Lunsford, Jack; Goodman, D. Wayne & Haw, James F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Adsorption/membrane filtration as a contaminant concentration and separation process for mixed wastes and tank wastes. 1998 annual progress report
'This report describes progress through May, 1998, which is a little past mid-way through the second year of a three-year project. The goal of the research is to develop a treatment system for the separation of contaminants in low-organic Hanford tank wastes into various sub-groups that are relatively easy to treat further to yield products that are amenable to final disposal. The main target contaminants are Sr and Cs, although heavy metals and actinide-group elements are also targets. Effort during the first half-year of the project was devoted primarily to development of experimental and analytical techniques that could be used to test and quantify the treatability of Sr and Cs in the extremely complex matrix of the tank wastes. The treatment technologies to be tested for isolation of Sr from other waste constituents included adsorption of Sr onto various mineral solids and membrane separation of particulate from dissolved Sr. The proposed technology for treating Cs was electrochemically controlled, reversible binding of the Cs to hexacyanoferrates. Results obtained during the remainder of the first year suggested that hematite (a-Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}) and iron-oxide-coated sand (IOCS) were the best adsorbents for Sr among the oxides tested, and work during the second project …
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
Benjamin, M.M. & Korshin, G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An Advanced Control System for Fine Coal Floatation
A model-based flotation control scheme is being implemented to achieve optimal performance in the handling and treatment of fine coal. The control scheme monitors flotation performance through on-line analysis of ash content. Then, based on the economic and metallurgical performance of the circuit, variables such as collector dosage, frother dosage, and pulp level are adjusted using model-based control algorithms to compensate for feed variations and other process disturbances. Recent developments in sensor technology are being applied for on-line determination of slurry ash content. During the eighth quarter of this project, the analysis of data collected during Task 2 (Sampling and Data Analysis) was completed, and significant progress was made on Task 3 (Model Building and Computer Simulation). Previously, a plant sampling campaign had been conducted at Pittston�s Moss No. 3 preparation plant to provide data for the development of a mathematical process model and a model-based control system. During this campaign, a one-half factorial design experiment, blocked into low and high feed rates, was conducted to investigate the effects of collector, frother, and pulp level on model parameters. In addition, samples were collected during the transient period following each change in the manipulated variables to provide data for confirmation of …
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
Luttrell, G. H. & Adel, G. T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced experimental analysis of controls on microbial Fe(III) oxide reduction. 1998 annual progress report
'Understanding factors which control the long-term survival and activity of Fe(III)-reducing bacteria (FeRB) in subsurface sedimentary environments is important for predicting their ability to serve as agents for bioremediation of organic and inorganic contaminants. This project seeks to refine the authors quantitative understanding of microbiological and geochemical controls on bacterial Fe(III) oxide reduction and growth of FeRB, using laboratory reactor systems which mimic to varying degrees the physical and chemical conditions of subsurface sedimentary environments. Methods for studying microbial Fe(III) oxide reduction and FeRB growth in experimental systems which incorporate advective aqueous phase flux are being developed for this purpose. These methodologies, together with an accumulating database on the kinetics of Fe(III) reduction and bacterial growth with various synthetic and natural Fe(III) oxide minerals, will be applicable to experimental and modeling studies of subsurface contaminant transformations directly coupled to or influenced by bacterial Fe(III) oxide reduction and FeRB activity. This report summarizes research accomplished after approximately 1.5 yr of a 3-yr project. A central hypothesis of the research is that advective elimination of the primary end-product of Fe(III) oxide reduction, Fe(II), will enhance the rate and extent of microbial Fe(III) oxide reduction in open experimental systems. This hypothesis is based …
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
Roden, E.E. & Urrutia, M.M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced high resolution seismic imaging, material properties estimation and full wavefield inversion for the shallow subsurface. 1998 annual progress report
'The authors are developing advanced seismic data processing, imaging, and inversion methods for high resolution seismic reflection/refraction imaging and material property estimation of the shallow subsurface. The imaging methods are being developed to map the structural and material properties of aquifers and aquitards. This report summarizes work completed in the first seven months of a three year project which began in November 1997. The research is proceeding along three lines: data acquisition, data processing, and algorithm development.'
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
Levander, A.; Zelt, C.A. & Symes, W.W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced integrated modeling and measurement: The global carbon cycle
Most of the carbon dioxide added to the atmosphere by human activities comes from burning fossil fuels Only about half the CO2 we release into the atmosphere remains there, however, and the fate of the CO2 that does not remain in the atmosphere is uncertain As carbon dioxidecomes in contact with the sea surface it may be absorbed into the ocean, and as it comes in contact with the leaves of plants it may be absorbed and transformed into plant tissue, but the rates at which the sea or land plants can absorb CO2 are poorly characterized Hence, there is a great deal of uncertainty as to how much of the CO2 we release today will be found in the ocean, or in land plants, or in the atmosphere 10, 20 or 100 years from now The nanowing of these uncertainties is essential to making reliable predictions of the climate consequences of fossil fuel burning and deforestation
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
Duffy, P. B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library