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Fundamental studies of fusion plasmas
The major portion of this program is devoted to critical ICH phenomena. The topics include edge physics, fast wave propagation, ICH induced high frequency instabilities, and a preliminary antenna design for Ignitor. This research was strongly coordinated with the world's experimental and design teams at JET, Culham, ORNL, and Ignitor. The results have been widely publicized at both general scientific meetings and topical workshops including the speciality workshop on ICRF design and physics sponsored by Lodestar in April 1992. The combination of theory, empirical modeling, and engineering design in this program makes this research particularly important for the design of future devices and for the understanding and performance projections of present tokamak devices. Additionally, the development of a diagnostic of runaway electrons on TEXT has proven particularly useful for the fundamental understanding of energetic electron confinement. This work has led to a better quantitative basis for quasilinear theory and the role of magnetic vs. electrostatic field fluctuations on electron transport. An APS invited talk was given on this subject and collaboration with PPPL personnel was also initiated. Ongoing research on these topics will continue for the remainder fo the contract period and the strong collaborations are expected to continue, enhancing …
Date:
May 26, 1992
Creator:
Aamodt, R. E.; Catto, P. J.; D'Ippolito, D. A.; Myra, J. R. & Russell, D. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Surveillance of Site A and Plot M report for 1991
The results of the environmental surveillance program conducted at Site A/Plot M in the Palos Forest Preserve area for CY 1991 are presented. The surveillance program is the ongoing remedial action that resulted from the 1976--1978 radiological characterization of the site. That study determined that very low levels of hydrogen-3 (as tritiated water) had migrated from the burial ground and were present in two nearby hand-pumped picnic wells. The current program consists of sample collection and analysis of air, surface and subsurface water, and bottom sediment. The results of the analyses are used to (1) determine the migration pathway of water from the burial ground (Plot M) to the hand-pumped picnic wells, (2) establish if buried radionuclides other than hydrogen-3 have migrated, and (3) generally characterize the radiological environment of the area. Hydrogen-3 in the Red Gate Woods picnic wells was still detected this year, but the average and maximum concentrations were significantly less than found earlier. Tritiated water continues to be detected in a number of wells, boreholes, dolomite holes, and surface stream. For many years it was the only radionclide found to have migrated in measurable quantities. Analyses since 1984 have indicated the presence of low levels of …
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Golchert, N.W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
How much will pollution reduction in Krakow cost
This report is on the status of US/Polish efforts to reduce air pollution from low emission sources (coalfired house stoves and local boilers) in Krakow, Poland. The region around Krakow in Southern Poland is one of the most heavily polluted areas in the world. In 1989, while visiting Poland, President George Bush made a commitment on behalf of the US to assist in the reclamation of the Krakow environment; Congress in 1990 authorized $20 million to address pollutants from low emissions sources,'' that is, from facilities with low stacks. The low emission sources are responsible for 35 percent of SO{sub x} emissions, significant NO{sub x} emissions, and are the primary source of particulate and organic emissions. The Krakow Clean Fossil Fuels and Energy Efficiency Project, sponsored by the US Agency for International Development and implemented by the US Department of Energy, is designed to reduce these emissions by improving the efficiency of coal use in Krakow's 130,000 coal stoves and 1300 small coal-fired boilerhouses, by reducing demand for energy for space conditioning through thermal integrity improvements, and/or by switching to alternative fuels. The project includes a comprehensive testing program, engineering analyses, and economic assessments to determine the most attractive strategy …
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
LaMontagne, J.; Pierce, B. (Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (United States)) & Gorlich, K. (Ministry of the Environment, Krakow (Poland))
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Biological Production of Ethanol From Coal
Research is continuing in attempting to increase both the ethanol concentration and product ratio (acetate to ethanol) from the C. ljungdahlii fermentation. Both batch and continuous reactors are being used for this purpose. The purpose of this report is four-fold. First, the data presented in PETC Report No. 2-4-91 (June--September, 1991) are analyzed and interpreted using normalized specific growth and production rates. This technique eliminates experimental variation due to differences in inoculum history. Secondly, the effects of the sulfur gases H{sub 2}S and COS on the performance of C. ljungdahlii are presented and discussed. Although these are preliminary results, they illustrate the tolerance of the bacterium to low levels of sulfur gases. Thirdly, the results of continuous stirred tank reactor studies are presented, where cell and product concentrations are shown as a function of agitation rate and gas flow rate. Finally, additional data are presented showing the performance of C. ljungdahlii in a CSTR with cell recycle.
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Clean gasoline reforming with superacid catalysts
Tasks reported on this term include optimization of chlorided Pt- alumina catalysts, testing of the optimum Pt/Cl alumina catalysts, preparation and testing of zirconia superacid catalyst. (VC)
Date:
May 7, 1992
Creator:
Davis, B. H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Shining On: A primer on solar radiation data
This document is a primer on solar radiation data. General uses of solar energy are presented. The manner in which solar radiation data is used to aid engineers in optimizing the use of solar thermal conversion and photovoltaic conversion is discussed. Methods for acquiring and assimilating the solar radiation data are illustrated. This would include the design and use of pyranometers and pyrheliometers. Seasonal and geographical variations in solar flux reaching the earth are evaluated. Other uses of compiled data include the determination of meteorological impacts of atmospheric disturbances such as volcano eruptions.
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Dunlap, M.A.; Cook, G. (eds.); Marion, B.; Riordan, C. & Renne, D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Impacts of changing residential oil burner technology
This paper presents trends in oil-fired residential heating appliance design that take advantage of recent research which promises significantly lower pollutant emissions, improved performance, and efficiency.
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Butcher, T.; McDonald, R.; Krajewski, R.; Celebi, Y. & Andrews, J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Standard Review Plan Update and Development Program
This implementing procedures document (IPD) was prepared for use in implementing tasks under the standard review plan update and development program (SRP-UDP). The IPD provides comprehensive guidance and detailed procedures for SRP-UDP tasks. The IPD is mandatory for contractors performing work for the SRP-UDP. It is guidance for the staff. At the completion of the SRP-UDP, the IPD will be revised (to remove the UDP aspects) and will replace NRR Office Letter No. 800 as long-term maintenance procedures.
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Radiation physics, biophysics, and radiation biology
The following research programs from the Center for Radiological Research of Columbia University are described: Design and development of a new wall-less ultra miniature proportional counter for nanodosimetry; some recent measurements of ionization distributions for heavy ions at nanometer site sizes with a wall-less proportional counter; a calculation of exciton energies in periodic systems with helical symmetry: application to a hydrogen fluoride chain; electron energy-loss function in polynucleotide and the question of plasmon excitation; a non-parametric, microdosimetric-based approach to the evaluation of the biological effects of low doses of ionizing radiation; high-LET radiation risk assessment at medium doses; high-LET radiobiological effects: increased lesion severity or increased lesion proximity; photoneutrons generated by high energy medical linacs; the biological effectiveness of neutrons; implications for radiation protection; molecular characterization of oncogenes induced by neutrons; and the inverse dose-rate effect for oncogenic transformation by charged particles is LET dependent.
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Hall, E.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pore structure and reactivity changes in hot coal gas desulfurization sorbents
The primary objective of the project was the investigation of the pore structure and reactivity changes occurring in metal/metal oxide sorbents used for desulfurization of hot coal gas during sulfidation and regeneration, with particular emphasis placed on the effects of these changes on the sorptive capacity and efficiency of the sorbents. Commercially available zinc oxide sorbents were used as model solids in our experimental investigation of the sulfidation and regeneration processes.
Date:
May 1, 1991
Creator:
Sotirchos, S.V.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Catalyst and Feedstock Effects in the Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass to Liquid Transportation Fuels
The thermochemical conversion of biomass feedstocks to liquid transportation fuels can be accomplished by three processes, namely gasification, high-pressure liquefaction, and pyrolysis. In this study, the pyrolysis option is selected which is followed by the catalytic upgrading of pyrolysis vapors to aromatic and olefinic hydrocarbons (PYROCAT process). The aromatics constitute a high-octane gasoline blend, while the olefins can be utilized as feedstocks for various chemicals. The PYROCAT process has been studied in a laboratory-scale fixed-bed catalytic reactor. Consecutive biomass samples were pyrolyzed rapidly in steam at 550{degree}C and atmospheric pressure, and then the pyrolysis vapors were passed over a zeolite catalyst. The catalytic upgrading products were monitored in real-time using molecular-beam mass-spectrometry (MBMS). The yields of major products were estimated from mass-spectral data. Several zeolite catalysts were screened in the upgrading process and promising catalysts with high yields were identified. Feedstocks studied included: the woody biomass species aspen (Populus tremuloides), basswood (Tilia americana), and willow (Salix alba); the three isolated components of wood lignin, xylan and cellulose; and the herbaceous species bagasse (Saccharum spp. hybrid), wheat straw (Triticum aestivum), and Sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata). 17 refs.
Date:
May 1992
Creator:
Rejai, B.; Agblevor, F. A.; Evans, R. J. & Wang, D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Dewatering equipment recommendations for the solids/liquid separation project at Waste Area Grouping 6 at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
The final closure of Waste Area Grouping (WAG) 6 at Oak Ridge National Laboratory will include the plugging and abandonment of many existing wells and boreholes and the installation of diversion trenches for groundwater control. These activities will generate soil that must be dewatered before it can be disposed of. Three different types of dewatering equipment{emdash}rotary vacuum drum filters, automatic discharge pressure filters, and centrifuges{emdash}have been evaluated to assess their suitability for the WAG 6 project. Because of its lower cost and minimal prescreening requirements, it is recommended that a centrifuge be used to dewater the WAG 6 soils.
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Taylor, P. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Towards a quantitative approach to the utilization of magnetic effects as a means of isotopic enrichment
The photolysis of methyldesoxybenzoin in sodium dodecyl sulfate micellar solutions, produces benzaldehyde and styrene as disproportionation products of the triplet geminate radical pair. We have found that both the benzaldehyde and the recovered methyldeoxybenzoin are enriched in 13-C. These results provide the first direct evidence that both recombination and disproportionation are identically selective to the magnetic isotope effect, an important point anticipated by theory, but previously untested. An investigation of the photostereoisomerization of the diasteromers of 2,4-diphenylpentane-3-one in micellar solutions has allowed a quantitative analysis of the probabilities of recombination of the micellized primary geminate radical pair toward formation of different combination products. The results show that within the confidence provided by highly accurate data, the primary geminate radical pairs recombine to regenerate the precursor substrate structure or diastereomer with equal probability.
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Turro, N.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A global fitting code for multichordal neutral beam spectroscopic data
Knowledge of the heat deposition profile is crucial to all transport analysis of beam heated discharges. The heat deposition profile can be inferred from the fast ion birth profile which, in turn, is directly related to the loss of neutral atoms from the beam. This loss can be measured spectroscopically be the decrease in amplitude of spectral emissions from the beam as it penetrates the plasma. The spectra are complicated by the motional Stark effect which produces a manifold of nine bright peaks for each of the three beam energy components. A code has been written to analyze this kind of data. In the first phase of this work, spectra from tokamak shots are fit with a Stark splitting and Doppler shift model that ties together the geometry of several spatial positions when they are fit simultaneously. In the second phase, a relative position-to-position intensity calibration will be applied to these results to obtain the spectral amplitudes from which beam atom loss can be estimated. This paper reports on the computer code for the first phase. Sample fits to real tokamak spectral data are shown.
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Seraydarian, R.P.; Burrell, K.H. & Groebner, R.J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The revised International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) dosimetric model for the human respiratory tract
A task group has revised the dosimetric model of the respiratory tract used to calculate annual limits on intake of radionuclides. The revised model can be used to project respiratory tract doses for workers and members of the public from airborne radionuclides and to assess past exposures. Doses calculated for specific extrathoracic and thoracic tissues can be adjusted to account for differences in radiosensitivity and summed to yield two values of dose for the respiratory tract that are applicable to the ICRP tissue weighted dosimetry system.
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Bair, W.J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Gene conversion in yeast as a function of linear energy transfer (LET) for low-LET radiation
The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for low-LET radiation is known to depend on such factors as LET and dose rate. Microdosimetric calculations indicate that the biological target size could also be an important parameter, and calculations predict that the RBE for effects produced by hits in target sizes below about 100 nm should be unity for all low LET radiation. We have measured that RBE for gene conversion in yeast (a small target) for five different low LET photon sources, and the results were consistent with an RBE of unity, which agrees with microdosimetric predictions. 4 refs.
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Unrau, P.; Morrison, D.P. (Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States)) & Johnson, J.R. (Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., Chalk River, ON (Canada). Chalk River Nuclear Labs.)
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Research on polycrystalline thin film submodules based on CuInSe sub 2 materials
This report describes progress during the first year of a three-year research program to develop 12%-efficient CuInSe{sub 2} (CIS) submodules with area greater than 900 cm{sup 2}. To meet this objective, the program was divided into five tasks: (1) windows, contacts, substrates; (2) absorber material; (3) device structure; (4) submodule design and encapsulation; and (5) process optimization. In the first year of the program, work was concentrated on the first three tasks with an objective to demonstrate a 9%-efficient CIS solar cell. 7 refs.
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Catalano, A.; Arya, R.; Carr, L.; Fieselmann, B.; Lommasson, T.; Podlesny, R. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of an experimental database and theories for prediction of thermodynamic properties of aqueous electrolytes and nonelectrolytes of geochemical significance at supercritical temperatures and pressures
Volumetric measurements have been completed for CH{sub 4}, CO{sub 2}, and H{sub 2}S at temperatures from 25{degrees}C to 380{degrees}C and 2 or 3 pressures at each temperature. The H{sub 2}S and CO{sub 2} solutions are stored in aluminized mylar bags in PVC pipes with water surrounding the bags at a pressure of several atmospheres. The methane is stored in a one liter autoclave with a sliding teflon piston engaging the sides of the autoclave which separates the standard methane solution from the pressurizing fluid. The solutions are prepared at 100 to 200 atmospheres and do not need to be re-standardized after each experiment. We also have some measurements on aqueous ammonia, boric acid, and acetic acid. Preliminary calculations of the free energy of methane in water at room temperature as a function of the model parameters for the methane have been finished. In preparation for these calculations, the theory and practice of the free energy perturbation calculations was reviewed. In molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo calculations a system does not immediately equilibrate to a change in the Hamiltonian, so that there is a time lag or a configuration number lag in the response of the system. These lags cause errors …
Date:
May 2, 1991
Creator:
Wood, R.H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Uranium concentrations in asparagus
Concentrations of uranium were determined in asparagus collected from eight locations near and ten locations on the Hanford Site southcentral Washington State. Only one location (Sagemoor) had samples with elevated concentrations. The presence of elevated uranium in asparagus at Sagemoor may be explained by the elevated levels in irrigation water. These levels of uranium are comparable to levels previously reported upstream and downstream of the 300-FF-1 Operable Unit on the Hanford Site (0.0008 {mu}g/g), but were below the 0.020-{mu}g/g level reported for brush collected at Sagemoor in a 1982 study. Concentrations at all other onsite and offsite sample locations were considerably lower than concentrations reported immediately upstream and downstream of the 300-FF-1 Operable Unit. Using an earlier analysis of the uranium concentrations in asparagus collected from the Hanford Site constitutes a very small fraction of the US Department of Energy effective dose equivalent limit of 100 mrem.
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Tiller, B. L. & Poston, T. M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Working Group summary reports from the Advanced Photon Source reliability workshop
A workshop was held at APS to address reliability goals for accelerator systems. Seventy-one individuals participated in the workshop, including 30 from other institutions. The goals of the workshop were to: (1) Give attendees an introduction to the basic concepts of reliability analysis. (2) Exchange information on operating experience at existing accelerator facilities and strategies for achieving reliability at facilities under design or in construction. (3) Discuss reliability goals for APS and the means of their achievement. This report contains the working group summary report an APS's following systems: RF Systems; Power Supplies; Magnet Systems; Interlock and Diagnostics; and Vacuum Systems.
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Report of the group on beam-beam effects in circular colliders
We present a summary of the discussions and conclusions of the working group on beam-beam effects for circular colliders. This group was part of the larger beam-beam dynamics group at the 7th ICFA Workshop on Beam Dynamics, on the subject Beam-Beam and Beam-Radiation Interactions,'' held at UCLA, May 13--16, 1991. 15 refs.
Date:
May 1, 1991
Creator:
Furman, M. A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Perspective on photovoltaic amorphous silicon
Amorphous silicon is a thin film option that has the potential for a cost-effective product for large-scale utility photovoltaics application. The initial efficiencies for single-junction and multijunction amorphous silicon cells and modules have increased significantly over the past 10 years. The emphasis of research and development has changed to stabilized efficiency, especially that of multijunction modules. NREL has measured 6.3%--7.2% stabilized amorphous silicon module efficiencies for US products, and 8.1% stable efficiencies have been reported by Fuji Electric. This represents a significant increase over the stabilized efficiencies of modules manufactured only a few years ago. An increasing portion of the amorphous silicon US government funding is now for manufacturing technology development to reduce cost. The funding for amorphous silicon for photovoltaics by Japan over the last 5 years has been about 50% greater than that in the United State, and by Germany in the last 2--3 years more than twice that of the US Amorphous silicon is the only thin-film technology that is selling large-area commercial modules. The cost for amorphous silicon modules is now in the $4.50 range; it is a strong function of plant production capacity and is expected to be reduced to $1.00--1.50/W{sub p} for plants with …
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Luft, W.; Stafford, B. & von Roedern, B.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A novel geotechnical/geostatistical approach for exploration and production of natural gas from multiple geologic strata, Phase 1
This research program has been designed to develop and verify a unique geostatistical approach for finding natural gas resources. The project has been conducted by Beckley College, Inc., and BDM Engineering Services Company (BDMESC) under contract to the US Department of Energy (DOE), Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC). This section, Volume II, contains a detailed discussion of the methodology used and the geological and production information collected and analyzed for this study. A companion document, Volume 1, provides an overview of the program, technique and results of the study. In combination, Volumes I and II cover the completion of the research undertaken under Phase I of this DOE project, which included the identification of five high-potential sites for natural gas production on the Eccles Quadrangle, Raleigh County, West Virginia. Each of these sites was selected for its excellent potential for gas production from both relatively shallow coalbeds and the deeper, conventional reservoir formations.
Date:
May 1, 1991
Creator:
Overbey, W. K. Jr.; Reeves, T. K.; Salamy, S. P.; Locke, C. D.; Johnson, H. R.; Brunk, R. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A novel geotechnical/geostatistical approach for exploration and production of natural gas from multiple geologic strata, Phase 1
This research program has been designed to develop and verify a unique geostatistical approach for finding natural gas resources. The research has been conducted by Beckley College, Inc. (Beckley) and BDM Engineering Services Company (BDMESC) under contract to the US Department of Energy (DOE), Morgantown Energy Technology Center. Phase 1 of the project consisted of compiling and analyzing relevant geological and gas production information in selected areas of Raleigh County, West Virginia, ultimately narrowed to the Eccles, West Virginia, 7 {1/2} minute Quadrangle. The Phase 1 analysis identified key parameters contributing to the accumulation and production of natural gas in Raleigh County, developed analog models relating geological factors to gas production, and identified specific sites to test and verify the analysis methodologies by drilling. Based on the Phase 1 analysis, five sites have been identified with high potential for economic gas production. Phase 2 will consist of drilling, completing, and producing one or more wells at the sites identified in the Phase 1 analyses. The initial well is schedules to the drilled in April 1991. This report summarizes the results of the Phase 1 investigations. For clarity, the report has been prepared in two volumes. Volume 1 presents the Phase …
Date:
May 1, 1991
Creator:
Overbey, W. K. Jr.; Reeves, T. K.; Salamy, S. P.; Locke, C. D.; Johnson, H. R.; Brunk, R. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library