Samples of coal weighing approximately 200 grams placed in a collimated beam of neutrons from the thermal column of the Ames Laboratory Research Reactor produced capture gamma-rays which could be used for the simultaneous determination of sulfur and iron. Spectra from NaI(Tl) and Ge(Li) detectors were used and interferences were located by examining spectra of the major elemental components of coal. In determining sulfur, iron is a potential source of interference when gamma-ray spectra are collected with a NaI(Tl) detector. Corrections for iron interference were made by use of a higher energy iron peak. The possibility of determining silicon in coal was investigated but this element determination was unsuccessful since capture gamma-ray spectrometry lacked the necessary sensitivity for silicon. A linear relation was found between the area of the hydrogen capture peak at 2.23 MeV and the amount of water added to coal.

Equilibrium measurements of pressure, enthalpy, density, temperature and resistivity have been made on liquid lead, platinum, gold-copper, uranium, niobium, and niobium-hafnium at high temperatures and pressures. A unique method of determining sample temperatures from multi-channel fast radiation pyrometry has been developed and used to calculate temperatures between 1600 and 8000 K without definitive emissivity information. Pseudo-potential theory has been used to model the lead resistivity and equation of state measurements and t-matrix theory has been applied to the uranium resistivity data.

The development of a unique type of large superconducting solenoid magnet, characterized by very high current density windings and a two-phase helium tubular cooling system is described. The development of the magnet's conceptual design and the construction of two test solenoids are described. The successful test of the superconducting coil and its tubular cooling refrigeration system is presented. The safety, environmental and economic impacts of the test program on future developments in high energy physics are shown. Large solid angle particle detectors for colliding beam physics will analyze both charged and neutral particles. In many cases, these detectors will require neutral particles, such as gamma rays, to pass through the magnet coil with minimum interaction. The magnet coils must be as thin as possible. The use of superconducting windings allows one to minimize radiation thickness, while at the same time maximizing charged particle momentum resolution and saving substantial quantities of electrical energy. The results of the experimental measurements show that large high current density solenoid magnets can be made to operate at high stored energies. The superconducting magnet development described has a positive safety and environmental impact. The use of large high current density thin superconducting solenoids has been proposed …

A generalization of the independent particle model from nuclear statics to nuclear dynamics is sought. Attention is centered on the average behavior of nuclear dynamics, as opposed to detailed behavior, such as that characteristic of shell effects in nuclear statics. In many situations, all that is needed is a model of dissipation in nuclear dynamics. Completely independent nucleons produce dissipation only when they interact with the surface of a nucleus or when they cross from one nucleus to another. The first possibility manifests itself whenever a nuclear surface deforms. Dissipation is then described by a simple 'wall formula.' The second mechanism for dissipation is relevant whenever two nuclei are moving relative to one another and are in sufficient contact that nucleons can move between them. Another simple expression, the 'window formula,' describes dissipation in this case. Neither of the two formulae has any free parameters.

An improved electrostatic precipitator called a space charge precipitator was tested and studied. A space charge precipitator differs from a conventional model in that the fields necessary to move the particles from the gas to the collecting surfaces are provided by a cloud of charged innocuous drops, such as glycerine or water, rather than by a charged electrode system. The flow conditions, electrical equipment, and physical dimensions of the test precipitator are typical of industrial applications. Experiments using water fog at a velocity of 10 ft/sec and a residence time of 0.6 sec, for a system charged at 25 kV, show a removal of iron oxide particles of approximately 52 percent. Theoretical calculations, assuming 2 micron particles, predict a removal of 50 percent. The results with glycerine fog are comparable. Experiments at various flowrates for both water fog and glycerine fog show a trend of decreasing particle removal for increasing flowrate. An identical trend is predicted by the space charge theory. Electron micrographs verify that only particles smaller than two microns are present in the laboratory precipitator.

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Thesis. Cycling routes, rates of transport, and resultant concentrations of the fallout radionuclides /sup 90/Sr and /sup 137/Cs in northern Alaskan ecosystems were defined during the period 1959 to 1970. Radiochemical analysis of extensive samples of biota and whole-body counting of / sup 137/Cs in Eskimo and Indian ethnic groups were related to ecological principles, especially the concept of trophic niche, which elucidated the observed patterns of radionuclide concentrations. Experiments involving Sr and Cs radioisotopes applied to natural Cladonia-- Cetraria lichen carpets yielded effective half-times of 1.O to 1.6 years for Sr and more than 10 years for Cs. Direct and indirect estimates of /sup 131/Cs half-times in Eskimos on a caribou meat diet were made by dietary manipulation and by relating dietary /sup 137/Cs intake and resultant change between periodic whole body counts. Effective half- times of 70 days for adults (more than 21 years old) and minors (14 to 20 years old) and of 45 days for children (less than 14 years old) were found. Suitable mathematical models were used to compute lichen forage ingestion rates of free- ranging adult caribou (4.5 to 5.0 kg dry weight per day), caribou meat ingestion rates of Anaktuvuk Pass residents (up …

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