A review is given of present and planned combustible radioactive waste treatment systems in the US. Advantages and disadvantages of various systems are considered. Design waste streams are discussed in relation to waste composition, radioactive contaminants by amount and type, and special operating problems caused by the waste.

The Spin Spectrometer at the Holifield Heavy Ion Research Facility (HHIRF) is a multidetector ..gamma..-ray spectrometer consisting of 72 separate NaI detector elements closely packed in a 4..pi.. geometry. The basic apparatus was constructed at Washington University and has been installed and implemented at the HHIRF at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The spectrometer was designed especially for the investigation of the mechanisms of heavy-ion induced nuclear reactions and of the structure of nuclei with high angular momentum. The data acquisition system is described. (WHK)

The gun injects axially into a drift tank followed by a magnetic mirror. For the experiments reported here, only the guide coils outside the vacuum vessel and solenoids on the plasma gun electrodes were used; the mirror coil was not energized. A stainless steel flux conserver is placed in the mirror throat to prevent the plasma from contacting the nonconducting vacuum wall in the region of the mirror. An axis encircling array of magnetic loop probes includes four diamagnetic loops and a loop which measures the azimuthally averaged outward pointing radial component of magnetic field. These loop probes are stainless steel jacketed and form a flux conserving boundary (at a radius = 30 cm) for plasma emitted from the gun. A five tip probe that can be positioned anywhere along the axis of the experiment is used to measure internal components of magnetic field.

This report describes our initial attempts at the molecular characterization of a maize controlling element. We have prepared a cDNA probe and used it to detect changes at a locus where Ds elements are found. Evidence of their presence are indicated by changes in the restriction patterns, but there is as yet no information on the physical nature of the controlling elements nor on the kinds of rearrangements they cause.

A model for H/sup -/, D/sup -/ production by energetic particles reflecting from metal surfaces is discussed. The model employs the energy and angular distribution data derived from the Marlowe code. The model is applied to particles incident normally upon Cs, Ni, and Cs/Ni surfaces.

A plant design for a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane unit was completed. The design includes a conceptual diagram, specifications for a RO unit producing 40 gal/min of permeated product, a list of radioisotopes tested on RO units and the rejections achieved, a discussion of the principle of RO, a discussion of the upper limits of cation and anion concentrations (there are no lower limits), a discussion of membrane configurations and porosities, a discussion of factors affecting membranes, a section on calculating the membrane area needed for a particular application, and capital and operating cost calculations. The three factors found to affect the adsorption of cobalt on ion exchange resins were investigated in an interaction effects design experiment. These factors are solution pH, and sulfite and ammonium concentrations. The effects of these factors were investigated with both anionic and cationic resins. Greater than 99% of the cobalt can usually be removed from solutions at a pH between 3 and 6. A design for an ion-exchange pilot plant was completed. The design includes a schematic diagram; flow, resin, and column specifications; impurity limits; and operating and capital costs. A short theoretical discussion and process description are also included. The design retains flexibility …

We have shown that, despite funding delays since the passage of the Magnetic Fusion Engineering Act of 1980, fusion development could still be carried to the point of a demonstration plant by the year 2000 as called for in the Act if funding, now about $365 million per year, were increased to the $1 billion range over the next few years (see Table I). We have also suggested that there may be an economic incentive for the private sector to become in accelerating fusion development on account of the greater stability of energy production costs from fusion. Namely, whereas fossil fuel prices will surely escalate in the course of time, fusion fuel will always be abundantly available at low cost; and fusion technology poses less future risk to the public and the investor compared to conventional nuclear power. In short, once a fusion plant is built, the cost of generating electricity mainly the amortization of the plant capital cost - would be relatively fixed for the life of the plant. In Sec. V, we found that the projected capital cost of fusion plants ($2000 to $4000 per KW/sub e/) would probably be acceptable if fusion plants were available today.

Gamma rays emitted during yrast transitions from compound nuclei are detected with a 4..pi.. multielement gamma ray detector system. Both total pulse height (H) and coincidence fold data (k) are obtained for each event. Results presented include entry state distribution states, k and H projections for some of these distributions, and k and H as a function of spin of the yrast transition. 5 figs. (DWL)

The data presented in this Technical Memo will pertain to the operating characteristics of Power Spool TSH-002. This spool had a large number of thermometers built into it. These thermometers monitored most of the thermal characteristics of the 5000 A American Magnetics, Inc. vapor-cooled leads used in this power spool. Operating conditions, such as peak temperatures, ramp and dc lead cooling gas flow requirements, voltage as an indicator of stable conditions (ac and dc) and general voltage characteristics (i.e., amount of ice formed outside of leads vs high-pot voltage) were measured and observed. It was found that previous operating conditions of the power leads influenced the temperature gradients of the leads in certain cases.

A spool piece cryostat without a correction coil or beam tube was tested for its elastic limit by pressurizing to the onset of nonlinearity in the bulk modulus. (LEW)

This report has been prepared for the In Situ Waste Disposal Program Tank Assessment Task (WG-11) as part of an investigation to evaluate the long-term performance of waste storage tanks at the Hanford Site. This report, prepared by the Portland Cement Association, presents the results of four years of concrete degradation studies which exposed concrete and reinforcing steel, under load and at 180 F, to simulated double-shell slurry, simulated salt cake solution, and a control solution. Exposure length varied from 3 months to 36 months. In all cases, examination of the concrete and reinforcing steel at the end of the exposure indicated there was no attack, i.e., no evidence of rusting, cracking, disruption of mill scale or loss of strength. Radioactive waste resulting from the chemical processing of reactor fuel for recovery of special nuclear materials (primarily plutonium), has been accumulating at the Hanford Site since 1944. The defense waste is currently being stored in underground waste tanks and in capsules stored in water basins. Current U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) strategy is to emphasize development and implementation of technology for removal, solidification, and final disposition of defense waste at the Savannah River Site first, then at the Hanford Site. …

The subject thermocouple design has been analyzed for maximum expected hydraulic loading and found to be adequate. The natural frequency of the thermocouple was found to be between the vortex shedding frequencies for the gas and liquid phase so that a tendency for resonance will exist. However, since the thermocouple support will have a restricted displacement, stresses found are below the endurance limit and, thus, are acceptable in respect to fatigue life as well as primary stress due to pressure loading.

Although Hamiltonians of various kinds have previously been used to derive Green-Kubo relations for the transport coefficients, the particular choice described is uniquely related to thermodynamics. This nonequilibrium Hamiltonian formulation of fluid flow provides pedagogically simple routes to nonequilibrium fluxes and distribution functions, to theoretical understanding of long-time effects, and to new numerical methods for simulating systems far from equilibrium. The same methods are now being applied to solid-phase problems. At the relatively high frequencies used in the viscous fluid calculations described, solids typically behave elastically. Lower frequencies lead to the formation of dislocations and other defects, making it possible to study plastic flow. A property of the nonequilibrium equations of motion which might be profitably explored is their effective irreversibility. Because only a few particles are necessary to generate irreversible behavior, simulations using adiabatic deformations of the kind described here could perhaps elucidate the instability in the equations of motion responsible for irreversibility.

Specifications are presented for the Linear Charge Coupled Device (LCCD) developed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for recording data from transients. This device can be used to record electrical signals at sample rates greater than 10/sup 9/ samples per second. Both electrical and physical specifications of the device are presented. The bias and drive requirements of the device are presented in tables and in timing diagrams. Typical performance data are tabulated and shown in oscilloscope photos. The physical specifications of the device include plane and cross sectional drawings of its various registers and I/O sections. Enlarged photos of the mask set are shown and all critical dimensions of the active regions are given. Finally, the impurity doping profile used for the transfer channels is shown.

During the period from November 1988 through April 1989 the experimental plasma physics program at UCLA produced several new results. The experiments were conducted on the toroidal RACETRACK device. Generation of a steady-state high-beta field-reversed configuration in one of the straight sections by the rotating electromagnetic wave technique is now routine and because of understanding gained in the course of experiments we succeeded in extending the range of operation was extended. The pressure balance relation was verified by independent pressure and magnetic field measurements for this field reversed-configuration. Studies of the equilibrium have been extended to spatial and temporal decay of the confining diamagnetic current. It has been observed, that the current decays on the resistive time scale due to electron-ion coulomb collisions. Current injection was also used to study the effects of mirror fields on toroidal currents and to reduce the neutral gas pressure for a given plasma density.

Fourteen papers were presented. These papers describe concrete surface removal methods and equipment, as well as experiences in decontaminating and removing both power and experimental nuclear reactors.

During the period from November 1988 through April 1989 the experimental plasma physics program at UCLA produced several new results. The experiments were conducted on the toroidal RACETRACK device. Generation of a steady-state high-beta field-reversed configuration in one of the straight sections by the rotating electromagnetic wave technique is now routine and because of understanding gained in the course of experiments we succeeded in extending the range of operation was extended. The pressure balance relation was verified by independent pressure and magnetic field measurements for this field reversed-configuration. Studies of the equilibrium have been extended to spatial and temporal decay of the confining diamagnetic current. It has been observed, that the current decays on the resistive time scale due to electron-ion coulomb collisions. Current injection was also used to study the effects of mirror fields on toroidal currents and to reduce the neutral gas pressure for a given plasma density.

Thick platinum coatings on glass microspheres are needed for proposed Laser Fusion targets. The spherical nature of these substrates coupled with the small dimensions (approx. 100 ..mu..m OD) make it difficult to achieve a smooth and uniform coating. Coating problems encountered include a rough surface and porous microstructure from the oblique incidence and lack of temperature and bias control, clumping of the microspheres causing non-uniformities, and particle accumulation causing cone defects. Sputtering parameters significantly affecting the coatings include total pressure, DC substrate bias, and the addition of doping gases. Using an ultrasonic vibrating screened cage and RF magnetron Sputtergun, we have successfully batch coated microspheres with up to 6 ..mu..m of Pt, with a surface roughness of 200 nm, thickness non-concentricity of 300 nm, and density greater than 98% of bulk Pt.

The first XUV and x-ray spectra were recorded from TEXT with a grazing-incidence grating spectrograph and new crystal spectrographs. Time- and space-integrated data yielded a qualitative description of the plasma. Line radiation from O, Cr, Fe, and Ni ions was recorded and identified with the aid of ab initio atomic structure calculations. Approximate values of plasma characteristics were obtained from the spectra. A derived electron temperature of 800 eV and electron density of 2 {times} 10{sup 13} cm{sup {minus}3} are consistent with results from other diagnostics. Spectrometers which will provide time- and space-resolved data are being designed for quantitative rate and transport studies.

As an integral part of the Spent Fuel Test-Climax 5150 ft (1570 m) of granite core was obtained. This core was diamond drilled in various sizes, mainly 38-mm and 76-mm diameters. The core was teken with single tube core barrels and was unoriented. Techniques used to drill and log this core are discussed, as well as techniques to orient the core. Of the 5150 ft (1570 m) of core more than 3645 ft (1111 m) was retained and logged in some detail. As a result of the core logging, geologic discontinuities were identified, joint frequency and spacing characterized. Discontinuities identified included several joint sets, shear zones and faults. Correlations based on coring along were generally found to be impossible, even for the more prominent features. The only feature properly correlated from the exploratory drilling was the fault system at the end of the facility, but it was not identified from the exploratory core as a fault. Identification of discontinuities was later helped by underground mapping that identified several different joint sets with different characteristics. It was found that joint frequency varied from 0.3 to 1.1 joint per foot of core for open fractures and from 0.3 to 3.3/ft for closed …