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Navy LX(R) Amphibious Ship Program: Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

Navy LX(R) Amphibious Ship Program: Background and Issues for Congress

This report provides background information and issues for Congress on maritime territorial and exclusive economic zone (EEZ) disputes in the East China (ECS) and South China Sea (SCS) involving China, with a focus on how these disputes may affect U.S. strategic and policy interests.
Date: May 31, 2016
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Display of the Confederate Flag at Federal Cemeteries in the United States (open access)

Display of the Confederate Flag at Federal Cemeteries in the United States

This report discusses policies regarding the display of the Confederate Flag at national cemeteries. If a state observes a Confederate Memorial Day, National Park Service (NPS) cemeteries in the state may permit a sponsoring group to decorate the graves of Confederate veterans with small Confederate flags. Additionally, such flags may also be displayed on the nationally observed Memorial Day, to accompany the U.S. flag on the graves of Confederate veterans.
Date: May 4, 2016
Creator: Comay, Laura B. & Szymendera, Scott D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
A Resurgence of Unaccompanied Alien Children? (open access)

A Resurgence of Unaccompanied Alien Children?

This report briefly examines the recently-high number of unaccompanied alien children (UAC). In the first seven months of FY2016, apprehensions at the U.S.-Mexico border have approached levels close to what they were in FY2014 when such migration flows reached what were characterized as "crisis" proportions.
Date: May 27, 2016
Creator: Kandel, William A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Green Infrastructure and Issues in Managing Urban Stormwater (open access)

Green Infrastructure and Issues in Managing Urban Stormwater

This report discusses the issue of stormwater, or runoff, which is considered largely a problem of excess rainwater or snowmelt impacting communities. Prevailing engineering practices were to move stormwater away from cities as rapidly as possible to avoid potential damages from flooding. More recently, these practices have evolved and come to recognize stormwater as a resource that, managed properly within communities, has multiple benefits.
Date: May 2, 2016
Creator: Copeland, Claudia
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Reserve: Oversight and Disclosure Issues (open access)

Federal Reserve: Oversight and Disclosure Issues

This report provides an overview of existing Federal Reserve (Fed) oversight and disclosure practices, highlighting recent legislative changes and proposals. It also considers the potential impact of greater oversight and disclosure on the Fed's independence and its ability to achieve its macroeconomic and financial stability goals.
Date: May 24, 2016
Creator: Labonte, Marc
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iran Nuclear Agreement (open access)

Iran Nuclear Agreement

This report provides background on the agreement negotiated by Iran and six other countries (the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia, China, and Germany--collectively known as the P5+1) regarding Iran's nuclear program, and discusses the implications for U.S.-Iran relations.
Date: May 31, 2016
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth & Kerr, Paul K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Funding of Presidential Nominating Conventions: An Overview (open access)

Funding of Presidential Nominating Conventions: An Overview

This report provides a historical overview of how Presidential Election Campaign Fund (PECF) convention funding functioned. It also describes private funding sources that remain available after legislation (H.R. 2019) became law (P.L. 113-94) eliminating PECF funding for convention operations.
Date: May 4, 2016
Creator: Garrett, R. S. & Reese, Shawn
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Navy Ohio Replacement (SSBN[X]) Ballistic Missile Submarine Program: Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

Navy Ohio Replacement (SSBN[X]) Ballistic Missile Submarine Program: Background and Issues for Congress

This report provides background information and potential oversight issues for Congress on the Ohio replacement program (ORP), a program to design and build a new class of 12 ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) to replace the Navy's current force of 14 Ohio-class SSBNs.
Date: May 27, 2016
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Social Security: The Windfall Elimination Provision (WEP) (open access)

Social Security: The Windfall Elimination Provision (WEP)

This report discusses the windfall elimination provision (WEP), which reduces the Social Security benefits of workers who also have pension benefits from employment not covered by Social Security. Its purpose is to remove an advantage or "windfall" these workers would otherwise receive as a result of the interaction between the Social Security benefit formula and the workers' relatively small portion of their careers in Social Security-covered employment. The report provides information about how the provision works, who is affected, history and rationale, impacts, and relevant legislation.
Date: May 25, 2016
Creator: Morton, William R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Unaccompanied Alien Children: An Overview (open access)

Unaccompanied Alien Children: An Overview

This report opens with an analysis of recent unaccompanied alien children (UAC) apprehension data. It then discusses current policy on the treatment, care, and custody of the population, with a description of the responsibilities of each federal agency involved with the population. The report then discusses both administrative and congressional actions to deal with the UAC surge in FY2014 and ongoing action to address possible future surges.
Date: May 11, 2016
Creator: Kandel, William A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
A Shift in the International Security Environment: Potential Implications for Defense--Issues for Congress (open access)

A Shift in the International Security Environment: Potential Implications for Defense--Issues for Congress

This report briefly describes the shift in the international security environment that some observers believe has occurred, and identifies some defense-related issues for Congress that could arise from it. Congress's decisions on these issues could have significant implications for U.S. defense capabilities and funding requirements.
Date: May 31, 2016
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Navy Virginia (SSN-774) Class Attack Submarine Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

Navy Virginia (SSN-774) Class Attack Submarine Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress

This report provides background information and issues for Congress on the Navy's Littoral Combat Ship (LCS)/Frigate program, a program to procure a large number of LCSs and modified LCSs. The modified LCSs are to be referred to as frigates. The Navy's execution of the program has been a matter of congressional oversight attention for several years. The program presents several oversight issues for Congress.
Date: May 27, 2016
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
United States Lifts Remaining Restrictions on Arms Sales to Vietnam (open access)

United States Lifts Remaining Restrictions on Arms Sales to Vietnam

This report discusses the recent removal of remaining U.S. restrictions on sales of lethal weapons and related services to Vietnam. During the Vietnam War (1955-1975), the United States imposed a complete embargo on arms sales to North Vietnam, and then expanded it to cover the entire country after Communist forces defeated U.S-backed South Vietnamese government in 1975. In 2007, the Bush Administration eased the ban by allowing non-lethal defense items and defense services to be exported on a case-by-case basis.
Date: May 23, 2016
Creator: Manyin, Mark E. & Kerr, Paul K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Synthetic Drugs: Overview and Issues for Congress (open access)

Synthetic Drugs: Overview and Issues for Congress

This report discusses the federal scheduling of controlled substances, including the temporary scheduling of substances. It also provides an overview of current trends in selected synthetic cannabinoids and stimulants. It concludes with a review of relevant legislation as well as possible issues policymakers might consider.
Date: May 3, 2016
Creator: Sacco, Lisa N. & Finklea, Kristin
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
"Sense of" Resolutions and Provisions (open access)

"Sense of" Resolutions and Provisions

This report discusses specific kinds of resolutions by which Congress may formally express opinions about subjects of current national interest through freestanding simple or concurrent resolutions (called generically "sense of the House," "sense of the Senate," or "sense of the Congress" resolutions). These opinions expressing the views of one or both chambers may be included in other legislation upon introduction or subsequently added by amendment. This report identifies the various forms these expressions may take and the procedures governing such actions.
Date: May 16, 2016
Creator: Davis, Christopher M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
DOT's Federal Pipeline Safety Program: Background and Key Issues for Congress (open access)

DOT's Federal Pipeline Safety Program: Background and Key Issues for Congress

This report reviews the history of federal programs for pipeline safety, significant safety issues, and recent developments focusing on key issues for Congress.
Date: May 20, 2016
Creator: Parfomak, Paul W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
U.S.-EU Data Privacy: From Safe Harbor to Privacy Shield (open access)

U.S.-EU Data Privacy: From Safe Harbor to Privacy Shield

This report describes the financial harm caused by data breaches, explains how those breaches are carried out, discusses resolved and remaining impediments to completing the EMV (Europay, MasterCard, and Visa) transition in the United States, and identifies areas of potential Congressional interest.
Date: May 17, 2016
Creator: Moloney Figliola, Patricia
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Earthquake Risk and U.S. Highway Infrastructure: Frequently Asked Questions (open access)

Earthquake Risk and U.S. Highway Infrastructure: Frequently Asked Questions

This report addresses a number of frequently asked questions about earthquake risk and highway system components, especially bridges. Earthquakes and related events, such as soil liquefaction, landslides, tsunamis, flooding, and fires, pose risks to highway infrastructure. Concerns about the U.S. highway system's seismic vulnerability stem from interest in protecting public safety, facilitating response and recovery efforts, and minimizing economic loss and social disruption.
Date: May 19, 2016
Creator: Mallett, William J.; Carter, Nicole T. & Folger, Peter
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Framing Spectrum Policy: Legislative Initiatives (open access)

Framing Spectrum Policy: Legislative Initiatives

This report examines legislative initiatives to address issues regarding radio frequency spectrum management and allocation. Access to radio frequency spectrum is essential to wireless communications. As demand for mobile services increases, from all sectors of society and the economy, so does the need to increase the capacity of wireless networks.
Date: May 18, 2016
Creator: Moore, Linda K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Navy Lasers, Railgun, and Hypervelocity Projectile: Background and Issues for Congress (open access)

Navy Lasers, Railgun, and Hypervelocity Projectile: Background and Issues for Congress

This report provides background information and issues for Congress on three potential new weapons that could improve the ability of Navy surface ships to defend themselves against enemy missiles: solid state lasers (SSLs), the electromagnetic railgun (EMRG), and the hypervelocity projectile (HVP). Any one of these new weapon technologies, if successfully developed and deployed, might be regarded as a "game changer" for defending Navy surface ships against enemy missiles.
Date: May 27, 2016
Creator: O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
EPA's Clean Power Plan for Existing Power Plants: Frequently Asked Questions (open access)

EPA's Clean Power Plan for Existing Power Plants: Frequently Asked Questions

This report provides a series of frequently-asked questions with answers regarding the Clean Power Plan and related litigation. On August 3, 2015, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated standards for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from existing fossil-fuel-fired power plants under Section 111(d) of the Clean Air Act (CAA); the rule, known as the Clean Power Plan (CPP), appeared in the Federal Register on October 23, 2015.
Date: May 19, 2016
Creator: McCarthy, James E.; Ramseur, Jonathan L.; Leggett, Jane A.; Wyatt, Alexandra M. & Dolan, Alissa M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Intellectual Property Rights Violations: Federal Civil Remedies and Criminal Penalties Related to Copyrights, Trademarks, Patents, and Trade Secrets (open access)

Intellectual Property Rights Violations: Federal Civil Remedies and Criminal Penalties Related to Copyrights, Trademarks, Patents, and Trade Secrets

This report provides background information and issues for Congress on multiyear procurement (MYP) and block buy contracting (BBC), which are special contracting mechanisms that Congress permits the Department of Defense (DOD) to use for a limited number of defense acquisition programs.
Date: May 27, 2016
Creator: Yeh, Brian T.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Reserve: Legislation in the 114th Congress (open access)

Federal Reserve: Legislation in the 114th Congress

This report analyzes provisions and the policy debate surrounding a number of bills that would affect the Federal Reserve's (Fed's) monetary policy, lender of last resort, and regulatory responsibilities. The Fed's responsibilities as the nation's central bank fall into four main categories: monetary policy, provision of emergency liquidity through the lender of last resort function, supervision of certain types of banks and other financial firms for safety and soundness, and provision of payment system services to financial firms and the government.
Date: May 19, 2016
Creator: Labonte, Marc
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Military Funeral Honors for Veterans (open access)

Military Funeral Honors for Veterans

This report discusses legislative issues regarding certain military honors received by eligible veterans at their funerals. In general, these honors are provided by the Department of Defense (DOD) to eligible veterans who are interred or inurned at Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) national cemeteries, state veterans cemeteries, and private cemeteries.
Date: May 25, 2016
Creator: Szymendera, Scott D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library