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Development of regenerable copper-based sorbents for hot gas cleanup: Final technical report, September 1, 1995--August 31, 1996
The overall objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the copper-chromite sorbent (developed in previous ICCI-funded projects) for longer duration application under optimum conditions in the temperature range of 550{degrees}-650{degrees}C to minimize sorbent reduction and degradation during the cyclic process. Three (3) formulations of attrition resistant granules of the copper chromite sorbent (i.e., CuCr-10, CuCr-21, and CuCr-29) as well as one (1) copper chromite sorbent in pellet form (i.e., CuCr-36) were selected for cyclic desulfurization tests. The desulfurization and regeneration capabilities of the selected formulations as well as the effects of operating parameters were determined, to identify the {open_quotes}best{close_quotes} sorbent formulation and the optimum operating conditions. The durability of the {open_quotes}best{close_quotes} sorbent formulation was determined in {open_quotes}long-term{close_quotes} multicycle tests conducted at the optimum operating conditions. The attrition resistance of the selected formulations were determined and compared with those of other sorbents, including a limestone, a dolomite, and a commercial zinc titanate sorbent. The results obtained in this study indicate that, the CuCr-29 sorbent has excellent attrition resistance and desulfurization performance, which are far superior to the commercial zinc titanate sorbents. The optimum desulfurization temperature in terms of sorbent efficiency and utilization appears to be about 600{degrees}C. Sorbent …
Date:
May 1, 1997
Creator:
Abbasian, Javad; Slimane, Rachid B. & Wangerow, James R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Laves intermetallics in stainless steel-zirconium alloys
Laves intermetallics have a significant effect on properties of metal waste forms being developed at Argonne National Laboratory. These waste forms are stainless steel-zirconium alloys that will contain radioactive metal isotopes isolated from spent nuclear fuel by electrometallurgical treatment. The baseline waste form composition for stainless steel-clad fuels is stainless steel-15 wt.% zirconium (SS-15Zr). This article presents results of neutron diffraction measurements, heat-treatment studies and mechanical testing on SS-15Zr alloys. The Laves intermetallics in these alloys, labeled Zr(Fe,Cr,Ni){sub 2+x}, have both C36 and C15 crystal structures. A fraction of these intermetallics transform into (Fe,Cr,Ni){sub 23}Zr{sub 6} during high-temperature annealing; the authors have proposed a mechanism for this transformation. The SS-15Zr alloys show virtually no elongation in uniaxial tension, but exhibit good strength and ductility in compression tests. This article also presents neutron diffraction and microstructural data for a stainless steel-42 wt.% zirconium (SS-42Zr) alloy.
Date:
May 1, 1997
Creator:
Abraham, D. P.; McDeavitt, S. M. & Richardson, J. W. Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Comments on "Retention of Ionizable Compounds on HPLC. pH Scale in Methanol-Water and the pK and pH Values of Buffers"
Article commenting on an article titled, "Retention of Ionizable Compounds on HPLC. pH Scale in Methanol-Water and the pK and pH Values of Buffers."
Date:
May 15, 1997
Creator:
Acree, William E. (William Eugene)
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Thermochemical and Theoretical Study of Some Quinoxaline 1,4-Dioxides and of Pyrazine 1,4-Dioxide
Article on a thermochemical and theoretical study of some quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides and of pyrazine 1,4-dioxide.
Date:
May 30, 1997
Creator:
Acree, William E. (William Eugene); Powell, Joyce R.; Tucker, Sheryl A. (Sheryl Ann); Silva, Maria D. M. C. Ribeiro da; Matos, M. Agostinha R.; Gonçalves, Jorge M. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
TWRS process engineering data management plan
The Tank Characterization Data Management (TCDM) system provides customers and users with data and information of known and acceptable quality when they are needed, in the form they are needed, and at a reasonable cost. The TCDM mission will be accomplished by the following: (1) maintaining and managing tank characterization data and information based on business needs and objectives including transfer of ownership to future contractors; (2) capturing data where it originates and entering it only once to control data consistency, electronic data and information management shall be emphasized to the extent practicable; (3) establishing data quality standards, and managing and certifying databases and data sources against these standards to maintain the proper level of data and information quality consistent with the importance of the data and information, data obtained at high cost with significant implications to decision making regarding tank safety and/or disposal will be maintained and managed at the highest necessary levels of quality; (4) establishing and enforcing data management standards for the Tank Characterization Database (TCD) and supporting data sources including providing mechanisms for discovering and correcting data errors before they propagate; (5) emphasizing electronic data sharing with all authorized users, customers, contractors, and stakeholders to the …
Date:
May 12, 1997
Creator:
Adams, M. R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Beam loading compensation in the NLCTA
In the design of the Next Linear Collider (NLC), multi-bunch operation is employed to improve efficiency at the cost of substantial beam loading. The RF pulse that powers the accelerator structures will be shaped to compensate for the effect of the transient loading along the bunch train. This scheme has been implemented in the Next Linear Collider Test Accelerator (NLCTA), a facility built to test the key accelerator technology of the NLC. In this paper the authors describe the compensation method, the techniques used to measure the energy variation along the bunch train, and results from tests with NLC-like beam currents.
Date:
May 1, 1997
Creator:
Adolphsen, C.; Lavine, T.; Nantista, C.; Ruth, R.; Wang, J. & Yeremian, D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Large-scale structure evolution in axisymmetric, compressible free-shear layers
This paper is a description of work-in-progress. It describes Sandia`s program to study the basic fluid mechanics of large-scale mixing in unbounded, compressible, turbulent flows, specifically, the turbulent mixing of an axisymmetric compressible helium jet in a parallel, coflowing compressible air freestream. Both jet and freestream velocities are variable over a broad range, providing a wide range mixing layer Reynolds number. Although the convective Mach number, M{sub c}, range is currently limited by the present nozzle design to values of 0.6 and below, straightforward nozzle design changes would permit a wide range of convective Mach number, to well in excess of 1.0. The use of helium allows simulation of a hot jet due to the large density difference, and also aids in obtaining optical flow visualization via schlieren due to the large density gradient in the mixing layer. The work comprises a blend of analysis, experiment, and direct numerical simulation (DNS). There the authors discuss only the analytical and experimental efforts to observe and describe the evolution of the large-scale structures. The DNS work, used to compute local two-point velocity correlation data, will be discussed elsewhere.
Date:
May 1, 1997
Creator:
Aeschliman, D.P. & Baty, R.S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Biometric identification devices -- Laboratory testing vs. real life
For over fifteen years Sandia National Laboratories has been involved in laboratory testing of biometric identification devices. The key concept of biometric identification devices is the ability for the system to identify some unique aspect of the individual rather than some object a person may be carrying or some password they are required to know. Tests were conducted to verify manufacturer`s performance claims, to determine strengths/weaknesses of devices, and to determine devices that meet the US Department of energy`s needs. However, during recent field installation, significantly different performance was observed than was predicted by laboratory tests. Although most people using the device believed it operated adequately, the performance observed was over an order of magnitude worse than predicted. The search for reasons behind this gap between the predicted and the actual performance has revealed many possible contributing factors. As engineers, the most valuable lesson to be learned from this experience is the value of scientists and engineers with (1) common sense, (2) knowledge of human behavior, (3) the ability to observe the real world, and (4) the capability to realize the significant differences between controlled experiments and actual installations.
Date:
May 1, 1997
Creator:
Ahrens, J.S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of the pulse transformer for NLC klystron pulse modulator
We have studied a conventional pulse transformer for the NLC klystron pulse modulator. The transformer has been analyzed using a simplified lumped circuit model. It is found that a fast rise time requires low leakage inductance and low distributed capacitance and can be realized by reducing the number of secondary turns, but it produces larger pulse droop and core size. After making a tradeoff among these parameters carefully, a conventional pulse transformer with a rise time of 250ns and pulse droop of 3.6% has been designed and built. The transmission characteristics and pulse time-response were measured. The data were compared with the model. The agreement with the model was good when the measured values were used in the model simulation. The results of the high voltage tests are also presented.
Date:
May 1, 1997
Creator:
Akemoto, M.; Gold, S.; Koontz, R. & Krasnykh, A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Structural Equation Analysis of Intergenerational Differences in Attitudes toward Individual Modernity in the United Arab Emirates: Implications for Cross-Cultural Research
It has been widely believed that modernity is a byproduct of a nuclear family system, a highly urbanized society, and a secular way of life. As such, developing countries are characterized as modern insofar as their social and cultural structures are able to correspond to these criteria. To examine the validity of these propositions, data on two randomly-selected generations--daughters and mothers in the United Arab Emirates--were generated.
Date:
May 1997
Creator:
Al-Ghazy, Faris M.
Object Type:
Thesis or Dissertation
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Gravitational microlensing searches and results
Baryonic matter, in the form of Machos (MAssive Compact Halo Objects), might be a significant constituent of the dark matter that dominates the Milky Way. This article describes how surveys for Machos exploit the gravitational microlens magnification of extragalactic stars. The experimental searches for this effect monitor millions of stars, in some cases every night, looking for magnification events. The early results of these surveys indicate that Machos make up a significant fraction of the dark matter in the Milky Way, and that these objects have stellar masses. Truly substellar objects do not contribute much to the total. Additionally, the relatively high event rate towards the Galactic bulge seems to require that the bulge be elongated, and massive.
Date:
May 8, 1997
Creator:
Alcock, C.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Boerne Star (Boerne, Tex.), Vol. 93, No. 35, Ed. 1 Friday, May 2, 1997
Semiweekly newspaper from Boerne, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
May 2, 1997
Creator:
Aldridge, Leon & D'Amico, Rob
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Boerne Star (Boerne, Tex.), Vol. 93, No. 36, Ed. 1 Wednesday, May 7, 1997
Semiweekly newspaper from Boerne, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
May 7, 1997
Creator:
Aldridge, Leon & D'Amico, Rob
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Boerne Star (Boerne, Tex.), Vol. 93, No. 37, Ed. 1 Friday, May 9, 1997
Semiweekly newspaper from Boerne, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
May 9, 1997
Creator:
Aldridge, Leon & D'Amico, Rob
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Boerne Star (Boerne, Tex.), Vol. 93, No. 38, Ed. 1 Wednesday, May 14, 1997
Semiweekly newspaper from Boerne, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
May 14, 1997
Creator:
Aldridge, Leon & D'Amico, Rob
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Boerne Star (Boerne, Tex.), Vol. 93, No. 39, Ed. 1 Friday, May 16, 1997
Semiweekly newspaper from Boerne, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
May 16, 1997
Creator:
Aldridge, Leon & D'Amico, Rob
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Boerne Star (Boerne, Tex.), Vol. 93, No. 40, Ed. 1 Tuesday, May 20, 1997
Semiweekly newspaper from Boerne, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
May 20, 1997
Creator:
Aldridge, Leon & D'Amico, Rob
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Boerne Star (Boerne, Tex.), Vol. 93, No. [41], Ed. 1 Friday, May 23, 1997
Semiweekly newspaper from Boerne, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
May 23, 1997
Creator:
Aldridge, Leon & D'Amico, Rob
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Boerne Star (Boerne, Tex.), Vol. 93, No. 42, Ed. 1 Tuesday, May 27, 1997
Semiweekly newspaper from Boerne, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
May 27, 1997
Creator:
Aldridge, Leon & D'Amico, Rob
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
The Boerne Star (Boerne, Tex.), Vol. 93, No. 43, Ed. 1 Friday, May 30, 1997
Semiweekly newspaper from Boerne, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date:
May 30, 1997
Creator:
Aldridge, Leon & D'Amico, Rob
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Process monitoring and control: Ammonia measurements in off-gases
This interim report describes technical progress in the development of a laser-based, real-time optical monitor for ammonia in off-gas streams from defense waste processing applications at the Savannah River Site (SRS). An optimized monitor has been fabricated by Spectrum Diagnostix using a tunable diode laser operating in the 1.55-{mu}m wavelength region. Instrument detection limits of 2-3 ppm for ammonia are demonstrated that are more than adequate for the SRS required sensitivity of 10 ppm. Laboratory research at Sandia revealed a lack of interference at the operating wavelength by other molecular species that might be present in the SRS off-gas stream. Initial tests of the ammonia monitor by Sandia were conducted at SRS using a bench-scale processing system for surrogate defense waste sludges. The results of these experiments confirmed that ammonia concentrations issuing from the ammonia-scrubber section of the bench-scale reactor were below the design limit of 10 ppm. We also found that no other molecular species in the off-gas produced observable false-positive readings from the monitor. 5 refs., 6 figs.
Date:
May 1, 1997
Creator:
Allendorf, S.; Ottesen, D.; Johnson, H. & Lambert, D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geological and petrophysical characterization of the Ferron Sandstone for 3-D simulation of a fluvial-deltaic reservoir. Quarterly progress report, January 1, 1997--March 31, 1997
The objective of this project is to develop a comprehensive, interdisciplinary, and quantitative characterization of a fluvial-deltaic reservoir which will allow realistic inter-well and reservoir-scale modeling to be constructed for improved oil-field development in similar reservoirs world-wide. The geological and petrophysical properties of the Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone in east-central Utah will be quantitatively determined. Both new and existing data will be integrated into a three-dimensional representation of spatial variations in porosity, storativity, and tensorial rock permeability at a scale appropriate for inter-well to regional-scale reservoir simulation. Results could improve reservoir management through proper infill and extension drilling strategies, reduction of economic risks, increased recovery from existing oil fields, and more reliable reserve calculations. Transfer of the project results to the petroleum industry is an integral component of the project.
Date:
May 1, 1997
Creator:
Allison, M. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Operator interface for the PEP-II low level RF control system
This paper focuses on the operational aspects of the low level RF control system being built for the PEP-II storage rings at SLAC. Subsystems requiring major operational considerations include displays for monitor and control from UNIX workstations, slow feedback loops and control sequences residing on microprocessors, and various client applications in the existing SLAC Linear Collider (SLC) control system. Since commissioning of PEP-II RF is currently in-progress, only those parts of the control system used during this phase are discussed in detail. Based on past experience with the SLC control system, it is expected that effort expended during commissioning on a solid user interface will result in smoother transition to full reliable 24-hour-a-day operation.
Date:
May 1, 1997
Creator:
Allison, S. & Claus, R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Test plan, the Czechowice Oil Refinery bioremediation demonstration of a process waste lagoon. Revision 1
The overall objective of the bioremediation project is to provide a cost effective bioremediation demonstration of petroleum contaminated soil at the Czechowice Oil Refinery. Additional objectives include training of personnel, and transfer of this technology by example to Poland, and the Risk Abatement Center for Central and Eastern Europe (RACE). The goal of the remediation is to reduce the risk of PAH compounds in soil and provide a green zone (grassy area) adjacent to the site boundary. Initial project discussions with the Czechowice Oil Refinery resulted in helping the refinery find an immediate cost effective solution for the dense organic sludge in the lagoons. They found that when mixed with other waste materials, the sludge could be sold as a fuel source to local cement kilns. Thus the waste was incinerated and provided a revenue stream for the refinery to cleanup the lagoon. This allowed the bioremediation project to focus on remediation of contaminated soil that unusable as fuel, less recalcitrant and easier to handle and remediate. The assessment identified 19 compounds at the refinery that represented significant risk and would require remediation. These compounds consisted of metals, PAH`s, and BTEX. The contaminated soil to be remediated in the bioremediation …
Date:
May 10, 1997
Creator:
Altman, D. J.; Hazen, T. C.; Tien, A. J.; Worsztynowicz, A. & Ulfig, K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library