Considerable delay has occurred in getting ratification of the Eurochemic charter by 80% of the participating nations. The French, who were not expected to ratify the charter until an elected government was again established , actually ratified under de Gaulle late in 1958.

Presentation for Caught Red Handed: True Crime in the Archives, for the Darlie Routier trial for the murder of her two children.

A number of the questions which have been posed to us in the subject references are commented upon below. These have been reviewed by personanel of the Research and Engineering Operation and the Facilities Engineering Operation, Chemical Processing Department, and of the Chemical Research and Development Operation, Hanford Laboratories Operation. Particular acknowledment is given G. J Alkire, J. P. Duckworth, J. B. Fecht, R. G. Geier, E. R. Irish, H. M. Jones, G. C. Oberg, A. M. Platt, W. H. Reas, W. C. Schmidt, R. J. Sloat, W. H. Swift, M. T. Walling and L. L. Zahn of these organizations for assistance given assembling this information.

The erection of a concrete biological shield at Hanford, Washington presented several unique construction problems. This shield encloses the radioactive core of a reactor and is designed to protect operating personnel from the harmful effects of pile neutrons and associated gamma radiation. Permanent steel forms were erected to close tolerance around the reactor and filled with high density concrete by means of prepacked method. Prefabricated sections of the steel forms, or crates, were five to eight feet deep and weighed up to 18 tons each. During erection, the process holes through successive crates were kept within 0.012 in. of their nominal distance. The left side, top shield, and right side of this biological shield were constructed integrally to form a rigid frame. The front and rear crates, which contain numerous process holes, were keyed into the side and top shields so as to permit relative expansions of shield components and to provide for their lateral support. These massive steel and concrete walls provide considerable resistance to blast and earthquake forces, support numerous process facilities, contain pile gas, as well as protect personnel from nuclear radiation.

A documented mentor review where Nancy Walkup provides insights and feedback on a meeting held with Grace Wright, Bill Parks, Barbara Krishnan, Minnie Brown, and Elda Gonzales at Daggett Middle School. The document reflects Nancy Walkup's observations, discussions, and assessments of the collaborative efforts and initiatives discussed during the meeting.

Report from the Women's Suffrage Centennial Commission providing an update about projects, including the shift to digital activities for the centennial due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Report from the Women's Suffrage Centennial Commission providing an update including an outline of their plan to execute their charter, the launch of the Commission's website to document and advertise the centennial, and plan for future meetings.

Monthly report documenting Imperial Sugar operational expenses for the year, broken down by actual sales and production, with estimated operational numbers for the remainder of the year.

This report provides an overview of the creation of the Liquid Metal Fuel Reactor Experiment program. It furthers the work by constructing a single loop to test all the components required for the 16 loop reactor. This utility loop was also constructed to provide a facility for testing various components such as valves and flow meters.

From abstract: "This report describes the decontamination of Oak Ridge National Laboratory Purex Pilot Plant facilities and presents an appraisal of the decontaminating techniques and reagents which were employed."

Monthly report documenting Imperial Sugar operational expenses for the year, broken down by actual sales and production, with estimated operational numbers for the remainder of the year.

''smesh'' is a general purpose, interactive, 2D unstructured mesh generator based on Overture. It supports three kinds of mesh generation techniques: structured patches with transfinite interpolation (TFI); unstructured triangles based on an advancing front technique; and a Cartesian cutcell/triangle hybrid method. Meshes are generated in a generalized ''multi-block'' manner where each ''block'', or region, can be one of the three mesh types. Geometry definitions can be created interactively by placing points and interpolating curves. Spacing information is provided by both the curve discretization (which can be stretched) and a user specified preferred grid spacing for a region. A mesh optimization procedure is available for the non-TFI regions for mesh quality improvement. Each mesh region is given an unique identifier and an optional string name. Meshes are exported to a modified ''ingrid'' format including mesh region identifiers and names. Facilities for command scripting and batch running are available.

Beryllium-copper alloys should be considered toxic materials and proper controls must be used when they are machined, heated, or otherwise fabricated. Air samples should be taken for each type of fabrication to determine the worker's exposure and the effectiveness of the controls in use. It has been shown that aerosols containing beryllium are generated during the four methods of fabrication tested, and that these aerosols can be reduced through local exhaust to undetectable levels. Considering the acute, chronic and possibly carcinogenic effects of exposure to beryllium, effective controls should be required because they are feasible both technologically and economically. The health hazards and control measures are reviewed.

Nucleation-growth kinetic expressions are derived for thermal decomposition of HMX from a variety of types of data, including mass loss for isothermal and constant rate heating in an open pan, and heat flow for isothermal and constant rate heating in open and closed pans. Conditions are identified in which thermal runaway is small to nonexistent, which typically means temperatures less than 255 C and heating rates less than 1 C/min. Activation energies are typically in the 140 to 150 kJ/mol regime for open pan experiments and about 160 kJ/mol for sealed pan experiments. Our activation energies are about 10% lower than those derived from data supplied by the University of Utah, which we consider the best previous work. The reaction clearly displays more than one process, and most likely three processes, which are most clearly evident in open pan experiments. The reaction is accelerated for closed pan experiments, and one global reaction appears to fit the data well.

Silicone pressure pads are currently deployed in the W80. The mechanical properties of these pads are largely based on the degree of crosslinking between the polymer components that comprise the raw gumstock from which they are formed. Therefore, it is desirable for purposes of both production and systematic study of these materials to have a rapid, reliable means of assaying the extent of crosslinking. The present report describes the evaluation of Raman spectroscopy in this capacity.

The original definition of pH is: pH = -log a{sub H}. Where a{sub H} is the (relative) hydrogen ion activity. However, a single ion activity cannot be measured. Activities of individual ionic species are necessarily conventional. The pH number, of course, has in itself little absolute significance. As the negative of the logarithm of a product of a concentration (c or m) and an activity coefficient (y or {gamma}), it acquires its magnitude from the numerical scale adopted for the latter. Experimental pH measurements are nonetheless widely applied to the determination of thermodynamic equilibrium data such as pK values, on the assumption that they represent -log a{sub H} (or paH). The single ion activity coefficient approaches unity as the ionic strength goes to zero, so that activity becomes m or c and paH becomes pmH or pcH. pH is therefore defined operationally in terms of the operation or method used to measure it, that is, by means of a cell called an operational cell. The cell is standardized by solutions of assigned pH value (Reference Value pH Standard, Primary pH Standards and Operational Standards). Such standard reference solutions are buffer solutions whose pH values are assigned from measurements on cells …

The main goal of this project was to determine if a tool could be built to test Qt. In determining the feasibility of building a tool the following requirements needed to be researched: (1) Determine if the underlying Qt signal/slot architecture could be leveraged. (2) Research how much impact implementing such a tool would have on existing code, i.e. how much extra code would need to be inserted to use the tool. (3) Determine with the above information if a tool could be built. With the above steps completed, the information needed to make a decision on building a tool could be made. Armed with this information I felt I could make a more educated decision on the possibility of building a tool. This project was divided into two main steps. The first step was to understand the underlying Qt source code much better. The second step was to build a small prototype that I could use to test ideas. The first step was actually much shorter than I had originally anticipated. Understanding the underlying architecture of Qt only took about two weeks. After studying the architecture of qt and working with the support people at Trolltech, the company that …

Precipitation scavenging can effectively remove particulates from the atmosphere. Therefore, this process is of importance in the real-time modeling of atmospheric transport for hazardous materials. To account for the rainfall effect in LLNL operational dispersion model, a modified version of a standard below-cloud aerosol scavenging model has been developed to handle the emergency response in this scenario (Loosmore and Cerdewall, 2003, hereafter referred to as LC). Two types of rain data can be used to incorporate precipitation scavenging in the dispersion model; realtime measurements (rain gauge and radar), and model prediction. The former approach has been adopted in LC's study for the below-cloud scavenging problem based on the surface rain measurements. However, the in-cloud scavenging effect remains unresolved as a restriction of available real-time measurements in providing the vertical structure of precipitation systems. The objective of this study is to explore the possibility to incorporate three-dimensional precipitation structure of forecast data into the dispersion model. Therefore, both in-cloud and below-cloud scavenging effects can be included in LLNL aerosol scavenging model. To this end, a mesoscale model (Naval Research Laboratory 3-D weather forecast model, COAMPS) is used to demonstrate this application using a mid-west severe storm case occurring on July 18, …

None

Following is a modification of the IFEFUEL systems code, called IFEFUEL2, to treat specifically the HYLIFE-II target chamber concept. The same improved Recirculating Induction Accelerator (RIA) energy scaling model developed recently by Bieri is used in this survey of the economics of multi-unit IFE plants producing both electricity and hydrogen fuel. Reference cases will assume conventional HI-indirect target gains for a 2 mm spot, and improved HYLIFE-II BoP models as per Hoffman. Credits for improved plant availability and lower operating costs due to HYLIFE-II`s 30-yr target chamber lifetime are included, as well as unit cost reductions suggested by Delene to credit greater {open_quotes}learning curve{close_quotes} benefits for the duplicated portions of a multi-unit plant. To illustrate the potential impact of more advanced assumptions, additional {open_quotes}advanced{close_quotes} cases will consider the possible benefits of an MHD + Steam BoP, where direct MHD conversion of plasma from baseball-size LiH target blanket shells is assumed to be possible in a new (as yet undesigned) liquid Flibe-walled target chamber, together and separately, with advanced, higher-gain heavy-ion targets with Fast Ignitors. These runs may help decide the course of a possible future {open_quotes}HYLIFE-III{close_quotes} IFE study. Beam switchyard and final focusing system costs per target chamber are assumed …

This document contains information about the sampling program at Columbia River during May 5, 1944. Topics discussed include: securing representative samples; analysis of the samples looking at temperature, bacteriological content, dissolved oxygen, and physical tests; and the method and equipment used in the sampling procedure.

None

Reactor fuels, reactor engineering, radiological engineering, process technology, and operational physics progress is reported for irradiation and testing at the Hanford production reactors.

During the week of March 1, 1965, KW Reactor shut down with indications of a tube leak. Leak testing during the shutdown indicated a front Van Stone flange leak on tube 3065 and a suspect internal leak on tube 3075. During the tube removal process, there was indication of Zircaloy embrittlement on both tubes. Subsequent metallographic examination of samples taken from these tubes indicated the presence of case hydriding on the internal tube surface extending from approximately the end of the active fuel corn to the rear Van Stone flange. Vacuum analysis of selected samples revealed the total hydrogen concentration, including the hydrogen present in the hydrided layer, ranged from approximately 50 ppm at the end of the active charge location to approximately 1300 ppm at the rear Van Stone flange, Since examination of these first two Zircaloy tubes removed from KW Reactor, two additional tubes have been removed from KW Reactor, two tubes have been removed from KE Reactor, and one C-size Zircaloy tube has been removed from C Reactor. The presence of hydriding has been observed on the seven Zircaloy-2 tubes removed to date. It is the purpose of this document to review in some detail the data …