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Optimization of a VISAR for measuring flyer-plate velocities
VISAR (Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector) is commonly used for measuring flyer-plate velocities up to 6 km/s. Flyer plates can travel as much as 1 mm, which is large compared to usual depth-of-focus requirements for VISARs. Flyer plates are explosively driven, or driven by some other very energetic means; as such, they must be tested in a chamber, which will contain the explosion. Routing the laser beam to the chamber and the signal beam to the VISAR can be done safely and easily in multi-mode optical fibers. We have optimized a fiber-coupled VISAR system for measuring flyer-plate velocities. This system given constant signal levels over the full travel of the flyer plate. Furthermore, the signal-collection efficiency is maximized, which allows use of a moderately sized laser. We also have optimized the VISAR cavity so it does not limit the system efficiency while giving a velocity sensitivity of about 1 km/s per fringe. 5 refs.
Date:
May 6, 1992
Creator:
Sweatt, W. C.; Crump, O. B., Jr. & Brigham, W. P.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Numerical simulations of turbulent flow fields caused by spraying of water on large releases of hydrogen fluoride
The effectiveness of water sprays in absorbing HF releases was recently demonstrated in extended laboratory and field tests. In this paper, computer simulations are presented of the Hawk, Nevada Test Site, series of field tests. The model used, HFSPRAY, is a Eulerean/Lagrangian model which simulates the momentum, mass and energy interactions between a water spray and a turbulent plume of HF in air; the model can predict the flow velocities, temperature, water vapor, and HF concentration fields in two-dimensional large- geometries for spraying in any direction, (i.e., down-flow, inclined-down-flow, up-flow, and co-current horizontal flow). The model was validated against recent data on spraying of water on large releases of HF. 17 refs., 11 figs., 4 tabs.
Date:
May 1, 1991
Creator:
Fthenakis, V.M. (Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (United States)) & Schatz, K.W. (Mobil Research and Development Corp., Princeton, NJ (United States))
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Combustible radioactive waste treatment by incineration and chemical digestion
A review is given of present and planned combustible radioactive waste treatment systems in the US. Advantages and disadvantages of various systems are considered. Design waste streams are discussed in relation to waste composition, radioactive contaminants by amount and type, and special operating problems caused by the waste.
Date:
May 28, 1980
Creator:
Stretz, L. A.; Crippen, M. D. & Allen, C. R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
GCFR core thermal-hydralic design
The approach for developing the thermal-hydraulic core assembly designs for the gas-cooled fast reactor (GCFR) is reviewed, and key considerations for improving the core performance at all power and flow conditions are discussed. It is shown how the thermal-hydraulic core assembly designs evolve from evaluations of plant size, material limitations, safety criteria, and structural performance considerations.
Date:
May 1, 1980
Creator:
Schleuter, G.; Baxi, C.B. & Bennett, F.O.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Identification of fluid-flow paths in the Cerro Prieto geothermal field
A hydrogeologic model of the Cerro Prieto geothermal field has been developed based on geophysical and lithologic well logs, downhole temperature, and well completion data from about 90 deep wells. The hot brines seem to originate in the eastern part of the field, flowing in a westward direction and rising through gaps in the shaly layers which otherwise act as partial caprocks to the geothermal resource.
Date:
May 1, 1982
Creator:
Halfman, S. E.; Lippmann, M. J.; Zelwer, R. & Howard, J. H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
D. phi. vertex drift chamber construction and test results
A jet-cell based vertex chamber has been built for the D{O} experiment at Fermilab and operated in a test beam there. Low drift velocity and diffusion properties were achieved using CO{sub 2}(95%)-ethane(5%) at atmospheric pressure. The drift velocity is found to be consistent with (9.74+8.68( E -1.25)) {mu}m/nsec where E is the electric field strength in (kV/cm < E z 1.6 kV/cm.) An intrinsic spatial resolution of 60 {mu}m or better for drift distances greater than 2 mm is measured. The track pair efficiency is estimated to be better than 90% for separations greater than 630 {mu}m. 8 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.
Date:
May 1, 1991
Creator:
Clark, A.R.; Goozen, F.; Grudberg, P.; Klopfenstein, C.; Kerth, L.T.; Loken, S.C. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Modeling geothermal systems. [Lumped-parameter and distributed parameter models]
None
Date:
May 1, 1975
Creator:
Witherspoon, P. A.; Neuman, S. P.; Sorey, M. L. & Lippmann, M. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Experiments and prospects for induction linac drivers
In the last three years, the US program in Heavy Ion Fusion has concentrated on understanding the induction linac approach to a power-plant driver. In this method it is important that the beam current be maximized throughout the accelerator. Consequently, it is crucial to understand the space-charge limit in the AG transport system in the linac and, also, to achieve current amplification during acceleration to keep pace with the kinematical increase of this limit with energy. Experimental results on both these matters and also on the use of multiple beams (inside the same accelerating structure) will be described. A new examination of the most attractive properties of the induction linac for a fusion driver has clearly pointed to the advantage of using heavy ions with a charge-state greater than unity - perhaps q = 3 may be an optimum. This development places even greater importance on understanding space-charge limits and mechanisms for emittance growth; also, it will require a new emphasis on the development of a suitable ion source.
Date:
May 1, 1986
Creator:
D., Keefe
System:
The UNT Digital Library
End of life fission product distributions in F-1 experiment fuel rods
Fission product migration and end-of-life distributions were examined in the F-1 (X094) series of sealed, mixed-oxide fuel rods irradiated in the fast flux of EBR-II. Cesium, rubidium, iodine, and strontium data obtained from axial gamma scanning, mass spectrometry, and radiochemical analyses are presented. The results show significant migration of cesium, probably as both a volatile species and as the noble gas precursor. Cesium metal species leaving the fuel region accumulate predominately at the fuel-blanket interface. Volatile cesium reaching the fission product traps is readily sorbed by the charcoal.
Date:
May 1, 1980
Creator:
Goodin, D. T.; Langer, S. & Bell, W. E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High temperature electronics and instrumentation seminar proceedings
This seminar was tailored to address the needs of the borehole logging industry and to stimulate the development and application of this technology, for logging geothermal, hot oil and gas, and steam injection wells. The technical sessions covered the following topics: hybrid circuits, electronic devices, transducers, cables and connectors, materials, mechanical tools and thermal protection. Thirty-eight papers are included. Separate entries were prepared for each one. (MHR)
Date:
May 1, 1980
Creator:
Veneruso, A.F.; Arnold, C. & Simpson, R.S. (eds.)
System:
The UNT Digital Library
US GCFR demonstration plant design
A general description of the US GCFR demonstration plant conceptual design is given to provide a context for more detailed papers to follow. The parameters selected for use in the design are presented and the basis for parameter selection is discussed. Nuclear steam supply system (NSSS) and balance of plant (BOP) component arrangements and systems are briefly discussed.
Date:
May 1, 1980
Creator:
Hunt, P. S. & Snyder, H. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Audit unto others hor ellipsis
My first encounter with a quality assurance auditor is reminiscent of an old Dodge commercial. You remember The old sheriff, masked in mirrored sunglasses, paunch hanging over his gun belt, prophesying, You're in a heap o' trouble boy '' Well, my auditor could have been kin to the sheriff; they had the same posture, attitude, and mirrored sunglasses. Plus, my auditor wore a black leather vest and sported a Buffalo Bill'' goatee. While certainly memorable, both gentlemen were far from pleasant. I'm fairly certain that the compliance auditor of old deserved this perceived association with his law enforcement counterpart. Both believed in enforcing the letter of the law, or their interpretations of it. Neither seemed capable of exercising interpretive powers, but instead relied on winning through intimidation, possibly with an eye toward claiming some version of a monthly Quota Award. Is the auditor of today any better perceived Because this first encounter of the worst kind'' made a lasting impression on me, I have dedicated considerable time and effort trying to avoid being perceived as another sheriff when I conduct audits. In my auditing career, I am determined to capitalize on each opportunity to turn negative situations, as experienced by …
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Maday, J.H. Jr.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Design and analysis of PCRV core cavity closure
Design requirements and considerations for a core cavity closure which led to the choice of a concrete closure with a toggle hold-down as the design for the Gas-Cooled Fast Breeder Reactor (GCFR) plant are discussed. A procedure for preliminary stress analysis of the closure by means of a three-dimensional finite element method is described. A limited parametric study using this procedure indicates the adequacy of the present closure design and the significance of radial compression developed as a result of inclined support reaction.
Date:
May 1, 1980
Creator:
Lee, T.T.; Schwartz, A.A. & Koopman, D.C.A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Magnetic data analysis for the ALS lattice magents
The Advanced Light Source (ALS), now under construction at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, is a third-generation synchrotron radiation source designed to produce extremely bright photon beams in the UV and soft X-ray regions. The lattice magnets to be installed in the two rings, a 1--1.9 GeV storage ring, and a 1.5 GeV booster synchrotron, have been magnetically measured to ascertain their excitation curves and field uniformity. In this paper the analysis of these data is discussed, and results for measured magnets are given. 5 refs., 2 figs., 7 tabs.
Date:
May 1, 1991
Creator:
Keller, R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Critical flow: General theory and spurious solutions
It is hardly necessary to emphasize the importance that an accurate prediction of the parameters of critical flow plays in a number of industries, notably in nuclear reactor safety calculations and in metering. In spite of its importance, the literature of the subject still contains erroneous statements. Many of them result from an unjustified belief in the generality of certain conclusions drawn in the elementary study of one-dimensional isentropic flow of a perfect gas with constant specific heats through a convergent-divergent (de Laval) nozzle. This lecture will present a complete and consistent theory of such flows, applicable to any fluid (single- or multiphase) and any channel shape. The study is restricted to the one-dimensional approximation, and, although only adiabatic conditions are discussed, the formalism can be extended to arbitrary conditions at the boundary of the channel. A scrutiny of some of the latest critical reviews of the state of the art of modelling thermal-hydraulic phenomena, especially in the context of LWR safety analysis, reveals the persistence of some misconceptions concerning the nature of the flow and of the relation between the preferred mathematical model and its discretized equivalent. It has recently become clear that the ensemble of trajectories in phase …
Date:
May 1, 1991
Creator:
Kestin, J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pulse code modulation data compression for automated test equipment
Development of automated test equipment for an advanced telemetry system requires continuous monitoring of PCM data while exercising telemetry inputs. This requirements leads to a large amount of data that needs to be stored and later analyzed. For example, a data stream of 4 Mbits/s and a test time of thirty minutes would yield 900 Mbytes of raw data. With this raw data, information needs to be stored to correlate the raw data to the test stimulus. This leads to a total of 1.8 Gb of data to be stored and analyzed. There is no method to analyze this amount of data in a reasonable time. A data compression method is needed to reduce the amount of data collected to a reasonable amount. The solution to the problem was data reduction. Data reduction was accomplished by real time limit checking, time stamping, and smart software. Limit checking was accomplished by an eight state finite state machine and four compression algorithms. Time stamping was needed to correlate stimulus to the appropriate output for data reconstruction. The software was written in the C programming language with a DOS extender used to allow it to run in extended mode. A 94--98% compression in …
Date:
May 1, 1991
Creator:
Navickas, T.A. & Jones, S.G.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Control of indoor radon and radon progeny concentrations
There are three general categories of techniques for the control of radon and radon progeny concentrations in indoor air - restriction of radon entry, reduction of indoor radon concentrations by ventilation or air cleaning, and removal of airborne radon progeny. The predominant radon entry process in most residences appears to be pressure driven flow of soil gas through cracks or other openings in the basement, slab, or subfloor. Sealing these openings or ventilation of the subslab or subfloor space are methods of reducing radon entry rates. Indoor radon concentrations may be reduced by increased ventilation. The use of charcoal filters for removal of radon gas in the indoor air by adsorption has also been proposed. Concentrations of radon progeny, which are responsible for most of the health risks associated with radon exposures, can be controlled by use of electrostatic or mechanical filtration. Air circulation can also reduce radon progeny concentrations in certain cases. This paper reviews the application and limitations of each of these control measures and discusses recent experimental results.
Date:
May 1, 1985
Creator:
Sextro, R.G.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Inherent design features of the GCFR
This paper discusses several inherent design features of the GCFR that enhance its safety and presents analyses to demonstrate the degree of protection they provide. These features are a subset of a larger group of potential inherent features that form the third line of protection (LOP-3) for the GCFR. The function of LOP-3 is to demonstrate that the inherent response of the reactor system will limit core damage even if active cooling and shutdown systems in LOP-1 and LOP-2 fail. By providing this function with inherent features, which do not depend on active components and are self-controlling, an additional level of protection against common cause failure mechanisms is provided for both protected and unprotected events. The examples of LOP-3 discussed in this paper are natural circulation core cooling to the ultimate atmospheric heat sink and inherent reactor shutdown mechanisms.
Date:
May 1, 1980
Creator:
Medwid, W.; Breher, W.; Shenoy, A. & Elliott, R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Axicell MFTF-B superconducting-magnet system
The Axicell MFTF-B magnet system will provide the field environment necessary for tandem mirror plasma physics investigation with thermal barriers. The performance of the device will stimulate DT to achieve energy break-even plasma conditions. Operation will be with deuterium only. There will be 24 superconducting coils consisting of 2 sets of yin-yang pairs, 14 central-cell solenoids, 2 sets of axicell mirror-coil pairs, and 2 transition coils between the axicell mirror coil-pairs and the yin-yang coils. This paper describes the progress in the design and construction of MFTF-B Superconducting-Magnet System.
Date:
May 5, 1982
Creator:
Wang, S. T.; Bulmer, R.; Hanson, C.; Hinkle, R.; Kozman, T.; Shimer, D. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Optical components for the Nova laser
In addition to its other characteristics, the Nova Laser Fusion facility may well be the largest precision optical project ever undertaken. Moreover, during the course of construction, concurrent research and development has been successfully conducted, and has resulted in significant advances in various technical areas, including manufacturing efficiency. Although assembly of the first two beams of Nova is just commencing, the optical production, including construction of the special facilities required for many of the components, has been underway for over three years, and many phases of the optical manufacturing program for the first 10 beams will be completed within the next two years. On the other hand, new requirements for second and third harmonic generation have created the need to initiate new research and development. This work has been accomplished through the enormous cooperation DOE/LLNL has received from commercial industry on this project. In many cases, industry, where much of the optical component research and development and virtually all of the manufacturing is being done, has made substantial investment of its own funds in facilities, equipment, and research and development, in addition to those supplied by DOE/LLNL.
Date:
May 17, 1982
Creator:
Wallerstein, E.P.; Baker, P.C. & Brown, N.J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Determination of chloride contamination on detonator components by SAM and ESCA
None
Date:
May 19, 1975
Creator:
Colmenares, C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High-field superconducting accelerator magnets
The next generation of accelerators for high-energy physics will require high-field, small-bore dipole magnets: in the region of 10 T and 40-mm diam. For such magnets, there is a great incentive to attain high overall current density through increasing the current density within the superconductor and minimizing the copper stabilizer. Both Nb-Ti operating at 1.8 K and Nb/sub 3/sn at 4.2 are candidate superconductors. Two programs in the US and one in Japan are directed toward the development of such magnets. The program at LBL is described below.
Date:
May 1, 1982
Creator:
Taylor, C.; Meuser, R.; Caspi, S.; Gilbert, W.; Hassenzahl, W.; Peters, C. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
MHTGR thermal performance envelopes: Reliability by design
This document discusses thermal performance envelopes which are used to specify steady-state design requirements for the systems of the Modular High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor to maximize plant performance reliability with optimized design. The thermal performance envelopes are constructed around the expected operating point accounting for uncertainties in actual plant as-built parameters and plant operation. The components are then designed to perform successfully at all points within the envelope. As a result, plant reliability is maximized by accounting for component thermal performance variation in the design. The design is optimized by providing a means to determine required margins in a disciplined and visible fashion.
Date:
May 1, 1992
Creator:
Etzel, K.T.; Howard, W.W. & Zgliczynski, J.B.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
MPS II drift-chamber system
A new system of detectors (MPS II) which has been installed and operated in the Brookhaven National Laboratory Multiparticle Spectrometer (MPS), consisting of short drift distance drift chambers is briefly described. (WHK)
Date:
May 13, 1982
Creator:
Etkin, A.; Eiseman, S. & Foley, K.J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library