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Electric Utility Infrastructure Vulnerabilities: Transformers, Towers, and Terrorism
None
Date:
April 9, 2004
Creator:
Abel, Amy; Parfomak, Paul W. & Shea, Dana A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effects of gamma-ray irradiation on M1 propellant
Samples of M1 single-base propellant were exposed to 10{sup 5}, 10{sup 6}, and 10{sup 7}r of Co{sup 60} gamma rays. Burning rates were determined over a pressure range of 600 to 2600 psi at -40{degrees}, 21{degrees}, and 71{degrees}C. A statistical study indicated no significant change in the burning rate and a small but statistically significant increase (6%) in the exponential factor n after the 10{sup 7}r dose. Visible deterioration resulted, as the color changed from yellow to dark brown and the surface became uneven. In view of these marked visible effects, the slight change in burning rate is surprising. One sample exposed to 5 {times} 10{sup 8}r showed severe blistering, swelling, and contraction, and embrittlement causing fracture. Nitrogen Taliani tests conducted at 110{degrees}C indicated that the decomposition rate is decreased by exposure to 10{sup 5}r, is decreased less by 10{sup 6}r, and remains unchanged after 10{sup 7}r exposure. Chemical analysis showed that the percentage of 2-nitrodiphenylamine increases with dose by a factor of 7 at 10{sup 7}r, while, at the same time, the nitrogen content of the nitrocellulose decreases with increasing dose. This indicates that a substantial part of the nitrocellulose decomposition product had reacted with the diphenylamine stabilizer. It …
Date:
April 1, 1964
Creator:
Abel, J.E.; Mapes, J.E. & Levy, P.W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Scintillating glass fiber neutron senors
Cerium-doped lithium-silicate glass fibers have been developed at Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) for use as thermal neutron detectors. By using highly-enriched {sup 6} Li , these fibers efficiently capture thermal neutrons and produce scintillation light that can be detected at the ends of the fibers. Advantages of scintillating fibers over {sup 3}He or BF{sub 3} proportional tubes include flexibility in geometric configuration, ruggedness in high-vibration environments, and less detector weight for the same neutron sensitivity. This paper describes the performance of these scintillating fibers with regard to count rates, pulse height spectra, absolute efficiencies, and neutron/gamma discrimination. Fibers with light transmission lengths (1/e) of greater than 2 m have been produced at PNL. Neutron sensors in fiber form allow development of a variety of neutron detectors packaged in previously unavailable configurations. Brief descriptions of some of the devices already produced are included to illustrate these possibilities.
Date:
April 1, 1994
Creator:
Abel, K. H.; Arthur, R. J. & Bliss, M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Scintillating glass fiber-optic neutron sensors
Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) has fabricated cerium-activated lithium silicate scintillating fibers via a hot-downdraw process. These fibers, which, as produced, typically have a transmission length (e{sup {minus}1} length) of greater than 2 meters, are found to undergo aging when subjected to room air. The aging, which is complete in a few weeks, reduces the transmission length to the order of 0.5 meter. Because of the high alkali content of the glass (on the order of 20--30 mole % lithia), we have attributed this aging to aqueous corrosion oat the polymer cladding/glass interface. changes in transmission with chemical treatment of the surface support the corrosion model. Fiber transmission performance has been preserved by modifying the hot-downdraw to a double crucible to produce glass-on-glass waveguides.
Date:
April 1, 1994
Creator:
Abel, K. H.; Arthur, R. J. & Bliss, M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
RESIDUAL RADIONUCLIDE DISTRIBUTION AND INVENTORY AT THE DRESDEN UNIT ONE NUCLEAR GENERATING PLANT
None
Date:
April 1, 1984
Creator:
Abel, K. H.; Robertson, D. E.; Lepel, E. A. & Leale, M. W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ideas and concepts for diagnosis of performance and evaluation of data reliability based upon ARSA state-of-health (SOH) data
At the current time, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) prototype for the Automated Radioxenon Sampler/Analyzer (ARSA) automatically transmits, on a daily basis, a subset of all state-of-health (SOH) data in an e-mail data file to a limited number of recipients. These variables represent what were considered the most critical physical parameters for the ARSA's operation at the beginning of the field demonstration in Freiburg, Germany. Operators at PNNL perform a daily review of the information in the data file for anomalous operational conditions as evidenced by sensor readings. The initial review is easily implemented by plotting the various sensor data versus time and looking for gross deviations in the periodicity of the variables compared to previous sample sensor data. After viewing the 24-hr graphical plots, if necessary, a review is conducted of the tabular data of specific sensor anomalies. In most cases, the experience has been that when there is an ARSA operational problem the data file will have multiple sensor readings that reflect some aspect of the problem.
Date:
April 27, 2000
Creator:
Abel, KH; Bowyer, TW; Hayes, JC; Heimbigner, TR; Panisko, ME; McIntyre, JI et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ideas and Concepts for Diagnosis of Performance and Evaluation of Data Reliability Based Upon ARSA State-of-Health (SOH) Data
At the current time the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) prototype for the Automated Radioxenon Sampler/Analyzer (ARSA) automatically transmits, on a daily basis, a subset of all state-of-health (SOH) data in an e-mail data file to a limited distribution of participants.
Date:
April 27, 2000
Creator:
Abel, Keith H.; Bowyer, Ted W.; Hayes, James C.; Heimbigner, Tom R.; Panisko, Mark E.; McIntyre, Justin I. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Laser barometer
This paper describes an invention of a pressure measuring instrument which uses laser radiation to sense the pressure in an enclosed environment by means of measuring the change in refractive index of a gas - which is pressure dependent.
Date:
April 1, 1998
Creator:
Abercrombie, K.R.; Shiels, D. & Rash, T.
Object Type:
Patent
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Perturbation Method for cosθ Magnet With Nonlinear Iron Shield.
None
Date:
April 30, 1973
Creator:
Abeshouse, D. & Hahn, H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
MCNP{trademark} Software Quality Assurance plan
MCNP is a computer code that models the interaction of radiation with matter. MCNP is developed and maintained by the Transport Methods Group (XTM) of the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). This plan describes the Software Quality Assurance (SQA) program applied to the code. The SQA program is consistent with the requirements of IEEE-730.1 and the guiding principles of ISO 900.
Date:
April 1, 1996
Creator:
Abhold, H.M. & Hendricks, J.S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of human factors effects on the safety of transporting radioactive waste materials: Technical report
This report examines the extent of human factors effects on the safety of transporting radioactive waste materials. It is seen principally as a scoping effort, to establish whether there is a need for DOE to undertake a more formal approach to studying human factors in radioactive waste transport, and if so, logical directions for that program to follow. Human factors effects are evaluated on driving and loading/transfer operations only. Particular emphasis is placed on the driving function, examining the relationship between human error and safety as it relates to the impairment of driver performance. Although multi-modal in focus, the widespread availability of data and previous literature on truck operations resulted in a primary study focus on the trucking mode from the standpoint of policy development. In addition to the analysis of human factors accident statistics, the report provides relevant background material on several policies that have been instituted or are under consideration, directed at improving human reliability in the transport sector. On the basis of reported findings, preliminary policy areas are identified. 71 refs., 26 figs., 5 tabs.
Date:
April 1, 1989
Creator:
Abkowitz, Mark D.; Abkowitz, Susan B. & Lepofsky, Mark
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Filling and Emptying System, Dardanelle Lock, Arkansas River: Hydraulic Model Investigation
Report on investigations into the construction of a lock in the Arkansas River including results of model tests and recommendations.
Date:
April 1969
Creator:
Ables, Jackson H., Jr. & Boyd, M. B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The ATLAS level 2 trigger supervisor.
This paper presents an overview of the hardware and software proposed for the ATLAS level 2 Trigger ROI Builder/Supervisor. The essential requirements of this system are that it operate at the design Level 1 Trigger rate of 100kHz and that it support the technical requirements of the architectures suggested for the ATLAS Level 2 Trigger. Commercial equipment and software support are used to the maximum extent possible, with support from dedicated hardware. Timing requirements and latencies are discussed and simulation results are presented.
Date:
April 3, 1997
Creator:
Abolins, M.; Blair, R. E.; Dawson, J. W.; Owen, D.; Pope, B. G.; Schlereth, J. L. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The role of catalyst precursor anions in coal gasification. Fifth quarterly report
The aims of the proposed project are to enrich our understanding of the roles of various aqueous soluble catalyst precursor anions on the surface electrical properties of coal and to ascertain the influence of the surface charge on the adsorption, dispersion, and activities of calcium and potassium. These goals will be achieved by impregnating a demineralized North Dakota lignite (PSOC 1482) with calcium or potassium catalyst precursors containing acetate (CH{sub 3}COO{sup {minus}}), chloride (Cl{sup {minus}}), nitrate (NO{sub 3}{sup {minus}}), sulfate (SO{sub 4}{sup 2{minus}}), and carbonate (CO{sub 3}{sup 2{minus}}) anions. Demineralization of the coal has been completed. In the past quarter, the effects of chloride anion on the surface charge properties of the demineralized coal has been studied using calcium or potassium chlorides. Like the compounds investigated previously, increasing anion concentrations produce less negative charge on the coal surface through the interaction of calcium or potassium ions with the surface. To date, Fourier transform infrared studied aimed at an understanding of the interaction between the metal ions (Ca{sup 2+} or {sup K+}) and the coal surface oxygen functionality has not been very informative, most probably due to the high infrared absorption by coal. For this reason, we have procured a resin, …
Date:
April 1, 1993
Creator:
Abotsi, G. M. K.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurement of direct photon emission in the K(L) ---> pi+ pi- gamma decay mode
In this paper the KTeV collaboration reports the analysis of 112.1 x 10{sup 3} candidate K{sub L} {yields} {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{gamma} decays including a background of 671 {+-} 41 events with the objective of determining the photon production mechanisms intrinsic to the decay process. These decays have been analyzed to extract the relative contributions of the Cp violating bremsstrahlung process and the CP conserving M1 and CP violating E1 direct photon emission processes. The M1 direct photon emission amplitude and its associated vector form factor parameterized as |{bar g}{sub M1}|(1 + a{sub 1}/a{sub 2}/(M{sub {rho}}{sup 2}-M{sub K}{sup 2}) + 2M{sub K}E{sub {gamma}}) have been measured to be |{bar g}{sub M1}| = 1.198 {+-} 0.035(stat) {+-} 0.086(syst) and a{sub 1}/a{sub 2} = =0.738 {+-} 0.007(stat) {+-} 0.018(syst) GeV{sup 2}/c{sup 2} respectively. An upper limit for the CP violating E1 direct emission amplitude |g{sub E1}| {le} 0.1 (90%CL) has been found. The overall ratio of direct photon emission (DE) to total photon emission including the bremsstrahlung process (IB) has been determined to be DE/(DE + IB) = 0.689 {+-} 0.021 for E{sub {gamma}} {ge} 20 MeV.
Date:
April 1, 2006
Creator:
Abouzaid, E.; Arenton, M.; Barker, A. R.; Bellantoni, L.; Bellavance, A.; Blucher, E. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission: Final Report to Congress and the American People
Final report of the Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission describing its activities commemorating the 200th birthday of America's 16th president.
Date:
April 2010
Creator:
Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Calorimeter Preamplifier Hybrid Circuit Test Jig
There are two ways in which the testing may be initiated, remotely or locally. If the remote operation is desired, an external TTL level signal must be provided to the test jig with the remotellocal switch on the side of the test jig switched to remote. A logic high will initiate the test. A logic low will terminate the test. In the event that an external signal is connected to the test jig while local operation occurs, the local control takes precedence over remote control. Once a DVT has been locked in the ZIF socket and the DIP switches are selected, the Push-to-Test button may be depressed. Momentarily depressing the button will initiate a test with a minimum 400 ms duration. At the same time a PBCLOCK and PBLATCH pulses will be initiated and the power rails +12V, +8V, and -6V will be ramped to full voltage. The time at which the power rails reach the full voltage is about 13 ms and it is synchronized with bypass capacitors placed on COMP input of U20 and U22 and on the output of U23 voltage regulators. The voltage rails are supplied to a {+-}10% window comparator. A red LED indicates the …
Date:
April 19, 1999
Creator:
Abraham, Benjamin M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Phase stability of laves intermetallics in stainless steel-zirconium alloys.
Phase transformations occurring in a stainless steel-15 wt% zirconium (SS-15Zr) alloy were studied by in situ neutron diffraction. Neutron diffraction patterns as a function of time were obtained on alloys that were held at various elevated temperatures (1084-1275 C). As-cast SS-15Zr alloys contain ferrite, austenite, ZrFe{sub 2}-type Laves polytypes C36 and C15, and small amounts of a Fe{sub 23}Zr{sub 6}-type intermetallic. Annealing at high temperatures resulted in an increase of the Fe{sub 23}Zr{sub 6}, intermetallic content. The C15 Laves polytype is the equilibrium phase for T {le} 1230 C; C36 is the stable polytype at higher temperatures ({approximately}1275 C). Phase changes were slow for temperatures <1100 C.These findings have important implications for use of the SS-15Zr alloy as a nuclear waste form.
Date:
April 8, 1999
Creator:
Abraham, D. P.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Design and testing of the 2 MV heavy ion injector for the Fusion Energy Research Program
The Fusion Energy Research Group at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory has constructed and tested a pulsed 2 MV injector that produces a driver size beam of potassium ions. This paper describes the engineering aspects of this development which were generated in a closely coupled effort with the physics staff. Details of the ion source and beam transport physics are covered in another paper at this conference. This paper discusses the design details of the pulse generator, the ion source, the extractor, the diode column, and the electrostatic quadrupole column. Included will be the test results and operating experience of the complete injector.
Date:
April 1, 1995
Creator:
Abraham, W.; Benjegerdes, R.; Reginato, L.; Stoker, J.; Hipple, R.; Peters, C. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
User systems guidelines for software projects
This manual presents guidelines for software standards which were developed so that software project-development teams and management involved in approving the software could have a generalized view of all phases in the software production procedure and the steps involved in completing each phase. Guidelines are presented for six phases of software development: project definition, building a user interface, designing software, writing code, testing code, and preparing software documentation. The discussions for each phase include examples illustrating the recommended guidelines. 45 refs. (DWL)
Date:
April 1, 1986
Creator:
Abrahamson, L. (ed.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Neutron-induced mutation experiments. Progress report, March 1, 1974-- February 28, 1975
None
Date:
April 30, 1975
Creator:
Abrahamson, S.; Valencia, R. & DeJongh, C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Field emission from carbon films deposited by VHF CVD on difference substrates
As previously demonstrated, non-diamond carbon (NDC) films deposited at low temperatures 200-300 C on silicon tips reduced the threshold of field emission. In this paper we will present the results of the study of field emission from flat NDC films prepared by VHF CVD. Emission measurements were performed in a diode configuration at approximately 10{sup {minus}10} Torr. NDC films were deposited on ceramic and on c-Si substrates sputter coated with layers of Ti, Cu, Ni and Pt. The back contact material influences the emission characteristics but not as a direct correlation to work function. A model of field emission from metal-NDC film structures will be discussed.
Date:
April 1, 1999
Creator:
Abramov, A A; Andronov, A N; Felter, T E; Ioffe, A F; Kosarev, A I; Shotov, M V et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Thermal and flow considerations for the 80 K shield of the SSC magnet cryostats
The nominal temperatures in the SSC cryostat range between 4.2 K in the superconducting magnet and 300 K on the cryostat outer wall. To minimize the 4 K heat load, a thermal shield cooled by liquid and vapor nitrogen flows at 84 K and one a 20 K cooled by helium flow are incorporated in the cryostat. Tubes attached to the shields serve as conduits for cryogens. The liquid nitrogen tube in the cryostat is used for cryostat refrigeration and also for liquid distribution around the SSC rings. The second nitrogen line is used to return the vapor to the helium refrigerators for further processing. The nominal GN2 flow from a 4.3-km long cryogenic string (4 sections) to the surface is 64 g/s. The total liquid nitrogen consumption of approximately 5000 g/s will be supplied at one, two or more locations on the surface. The total heat load of the 80 K shield is estimated as 3.2 W/m. About 50% is composed of infrared radiation and remaining 50% by heat conduction through supports, vacuum barriers and other thermal connections between the shield and the 300 K outer wall. The required LN2 flow rate depends on the distribution and circulation schemes. …
Date:
April 1993
Creator:
Abramovich, S.; Yuecel, A.; Demko, J. & Thirumaleshwar, M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cotton Chopper
Patent for a cotton chopper. Illustration included.
Date:
April 6, 1909
Creator:
Abrams, Frederic
Object Type:
Patent
System:
The Portal to Texas History