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Transverse coherent instability of a bunch in a rectangular potential well (open access)

Transverse coherent instability of a bunch in a rectangular potential well

Theory of transverse instability of a bunch in a rectangular potential well is developed. Series of equations adequately describing the instability is derived and solved both analytically and numerically. Dependence of the instability increment and threshold on bunch factor is investigated for various beam coupling impedances. The theory is applied to the Fermilab Recycler Ring.
Date: April 1, 2006
Creator: Balbekov, V.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Transverse envelope dynamics of a 28.5 GeV electron beam in a long plasma (open access)

Transverse envelope dynamics of a 28.5 GeV electron beam in a long plasma

The transverse dynamics of a 28.5 GeV electron beam propagating in a 1.4 m long, 0-2 x 10{sup 14} cm{sup -3} plasma are studied experimentally in the underdense or blow-out regime. The transverse component of the wake field excited by the short electron bunch focuses the bunch, which experiences multiple betatron oscillations as the plasma density is increased. The spot size variations are observed using optical transition radiation and Cherenkov radiation. In this regime, the behavior of the spot size as a function of the plasma density is well described by a simple beam envelope model. Dynamic changes of the beam envelope are observed by time resolving the Cherenkov light.
Date: April 1, 2002
Creator: Clayton, C. E.; Blue, B. E.; Dodd, E. S.; Joshi, C.; Marsh, K. A.; Mori, W. B. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
TRANSVERSE POLARIZATION DISTRIBUTION AND FRAGMENTATION FUNCTIONS (open access)

TRANSVERSE POLARIZATION DISTRIBUTION AND FRAGMENTATION FUNCTIONS

The authors discuss transverse polarization distribution and fragmentation functions, in particular, T-odd functions with transverse momentum dependence, which might be relevant for the description of single transverse spin asymmetries. The role of intrinsic transverse momentum in the expansion in inverse powers of the hard scale is elaborated upon. The sin {phi} single spin asymmetry in the process e {rvec p} {r_arrow} e{prime} {pi}{sup +} X as recently reported by the HERMES Collaboration is investigated, in particular, by using the bag model.
Date: April 11, 2000
Creator: BOER,D.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Transverse Spin Physics: Recent Developments (open access)

Transverse Spin Physics: Recent Developments

None
Date: April 7, 2008
Creator: Yuan,F.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Transversity Single Spin Asymmetries. (open access)

Transversity Single Spin Asymmetries.

The theoretical aspects of two leading twist transversity single spin asymmetries, one arising from the Collins effect and one from the interference fragmentation functions, are reviewed. Issues of factorization, evolution and Sudakov factors for the relevant observables are discussed. These theoretical considerations pinpoint the most realistic scenarios towards measurements of transversity.
Date: April 27, 2001
Creator: Boer, D.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Travel-N-Texas Update, Number 27, April 2000 (open access)

Travel-N-Texas Update, Number 27, April 2000

Newsletter of the Texas General Services Commission discussing news and activities of the organization as well as other information related to business travel for state employees.
Date: April 2000
Creator: Texas. General Services Commission.
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The Portal to Texas History
TRC Today, Volume 23, Number 2, April/May 2000 (open access)

TRC Today, Volume 23, Number 2, April/May 2000

Newsletter of the Texas Rehabilitation Commission discussing information about the Commission as well as news, events, and other relevant information.
Date: April 2000
Creator: Texas Rehabilitation Commission
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The Portal to Texas History

[Treasure Island Edible Book]

Photograph of cake with blue icing decorated with an "island" made of crushed peanut M&Ms and a treasure chest at the 2007 Edible Books Festival. A text card at the bottom of the photo reads, "Treasure Island."
Date: April 2007
Creator: Mears, Michelle M.
Object Type: Photograph
System: The UNT Digital Library
Treatment of "Battlefield Detainees" in the War on Terrorism (open access)

Treatment of "Battlefield Detainees" in the War on Terrorism

None
Date: April 11, 2002
Creator: Elsea, Jennifer K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Treatment of Produced Oil and Gas Waters With Surfactant-Modified Zeolite (open access)

Treatment of Produced Oil and Gas Waters With Surfactant-Modified Zeolite

Whereas most water produced from onshore oil and gas operations is disposed via reinjection, some waters, such as those from offshore production platforms, coastal production, and some onshore wells, must be treated to remove organic constituents before the water is discharged. Current methods for reducing residual free phases and dissolved organic carbon are not always fully effective in meeting regulatory limits. In addition, cost, space requirements, and ease of use are important factors in any treatment system. Surfactant-modified zeolite (SMZ) has been used successfully to treat contaminated ground water for organic and inorganic constituents. This research will use laboratory batch and column studies to design a field system that will be used to treat produced waters to reduce dissolved and free-phase organic constituents. The system will be designed to operate simply and to have low operating costs. Methods for regeneration of the spent zeolite will also be tested, as will the treatment system at a field production site in the final project task. Research over the past six months has focused on the selection and characterization of the surfactant modified zeolite and the produced waters. The zeolite to be used in this work has been obtained from St. Cloud Mine …
Date: April 1, 2000
Creator: Katz, Lynn E.; Sullivan, E. J. & Bowman, R. S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Treatment of Produced Waters Using a Surfactant Modified Zeolite/Vapor Phase Bioreactor System (open access)

Treatment of Produced Waters Using a Surfactant Modified Zeolite/Vapor Phase Bioreactor System

Co-produced water from the oil and gas industry accounts for a significant waste stream in the United States. It is by some estimates the largest single waste stream in the country, aside from nonhazardous industrial wastes. Characteristics of produced water include high total dissolved solids content, dissolved organic constituents such as benzene and toluene, an oil and grease component, and chemicals added during the oil-production process. While most of the produced water is disposed via reinjection, some of them must be treated to remove organic constituents before the water is discharged. Current treatment options are successful in reducing the organic content; however, they cannot always meet the levels of current or proposed regulations for discharged water. Therefore, an efficient, cost-effective treatment technology is needed. Surfactant-modified zeolite (SMZ) has been used successfully to treat contaminated ground water for organic and inorganic constituents. In addition, the low cost of natural zeolites makes their use attractive in water-treatment applications. Our previous DOE research work (DE-AC26-99BC15221) demonstrated that SMZ could successfully remove BTEX compounds from the produced water. In addition, SMZ could be regenerated through a simple air sparging process. The primary goal of this project is to develop a robust SMZ/VPB treatment system …
Date: April 1, 2003
Creator: Katz, Lynn E.; Kinney, Kerry A.; Bowman, R. S. & Sullivan, E. J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Treatment of Renewable Energy Certificates, EmissionsAllowances, and Green Power Programs in State Renewables PortfolioStandards (open access)

The Treatment of Renewable Energy Certificates, EmissionsAllowances, and Green Power Programs in State Renewables PortfolioStandards

Twenty-one states and the District of Columbia have adopted mandatory renewables portfolio standards (RPS) over the last ten years. Renewable energy attributes-such as the energy source, conversion technology, plant location and vintage, and emissions-are usually required to verify compliance with these policies, sometimes through attributes bundled with electricity, and sometimes with the attributes unbundled from electricity and traded separately as renewable energy certificates (RECs). This report summarizes the treatment of renewable energy attributes in state RPS rules. Its purpose is to provide a source of information for states considering RPS policies, and also to draw attention to certain policy issues that arise when renewable attributes and RECs are used for RPS compliance. Three specific issues are addressed: (1) the degree to which unbundled RECs are allowed under existing state RPS programs and the status of systems to track RECs and renewable energy attributes; (2) definitions of the renewable energy attributes that must be included in order to meet state RPS obligations, including the treatment of available emissions allowances; and (3) state policies on whether renewable energy or RECs sold through voluntary green power transactions may count towards RPS obligations.
Date: April 17, 2007
Creator: Holt, Edward A. & Wiser, Ryan H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Trends in U.S. Global AIDS Spending: FY2000-FY2008 (open access)

Trends in U.S. Global AIDS Spending: FY2000-FY2008

This report describes how HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria are interlinked and exacerbate efforts to control each disease, but primarily addresses funding issues related to U.S. global HIV/AIDS initiatives. It provides background information on the key U.S. agencies that implement global HIV/AIDS programs, analyzes U.S. spending on HIV/AIDS by U.S. agency and department, and presents some issues Congress might consider, particularly as debate on the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) reauthorization ensues.
Date: April 10, 2008
Creator: Salaam-Blyther, Tiaji
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Los trenes eléctricos de DART están listos para "atacar" (open access)

Los trenes eléctricos de DART están listos para "atacar"

News release about the opening of DART's new light rail terminal, LBJ/Skillman Station.
Date: April 19, 2002
Creator: Lyons, Morgan
Object Type: Text
System: The Portal to Texas History
Tribal Sovereignty Over Nonmember Indians: United States v. Billy Jo Lara (open access)

Tribal Sovereignty Over Nonmember Indians: United States v. Billy Jo Lara

None
Date: April 21, 2004
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
TRIDENT: an Infrared Differential Imaging Camera Optimized for the Detection of Methanated Substellar Companions (open access)

TRIDENT: an Infrared Differential Imaging Camera Optimized for the Detection of Methanated Substellar Companions

A near-infrared camera in use at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) and at the 1.6-m telescope of the Observatoire du Mont-Megantic is described. The camera is based on a Hawaii-1 1024 x 1024 HgCdTe array detector. Its main feature is to acquire three simultaneous images at three wavelengths across the methane absorption bandhead at 1.6 {micro}m, enabling, in theory, an accurate subtraction of the stellar point spread function (PSF) and the detection of faint close methanated companions. The instrument has no coronoagraph and features fast data acquisition, yielding high observing efficiency on bright stars. The performance of the instrument is described, and it is illustrated by laboratory tests and CFHT observations of the nearby stars GL526, {nu}-And and {chi}-And. TRIDENT can detect (6{sigma}) a methanated companion with {Delta}H = 9.5 at 0.5'' separation from the star in one hour of observing time. Non-common path aberrations and amplitude modulation differences between the three optical paths are likely to be the limiting factors preventing further PSF attenuation. Instrument rotation and reference star subtraction improve the detection limit by a factor of 2 and 4 respectively. A PSF noise attenuation model is presented to estimate the non-common path wavefront difference effect on PSF subtraction …
Date: April 8, 2005
Creator: Marois, C; Doyon, R; Nadeau, D; Racine, R; Riopel, M; Vallee, P et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Triggering and data acquisition: General considerations (open access)

Triggering and data acquisition: General considerations

None
Date: April 9, 2003
Creator: Butler, Joel N.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Trilepton searches for chargino-neutralino production at the Tevatron (open access)

Trilepton searches for chargino-neutralino production at the Tevatron

The Tevatron Collider experiments, CDF and D0, have collected substantial data sets with which to probe for physics beyond the Standard Model. Two recent searches for trilepton events arising from supersymmetric {tilde {chi}}{sub 1}{sup {+-}} {tilde {chi}}{sub 2}{sup 0} production are presented.
Date: April 1, 2008
Creator: Chertok, Maxwell
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Triple Differential Cross sections and Nuclear Recoil in Two-Photon Double Ionization of Helium (open access)

Triple Differential Cross sections and Nuclear Recoil in Two-Photon Double Ionization of Helium

Triple differential cross sections (TDCS) for two-photon double ionization of helium are calculated using the method of exterior complex scaling both above and below the threshold for sequential ionization (54.4 eV). It is found that sequential ionization produces characteristic behavior in the TDCS that identifies that process when it is in competition with nonsequential ionization. Moreover we see the signature in the TDCS and nuclear recoil cross sections of"virtual sequential ionization" below the threshold for the sequential process.
Date: April 29, 2008
Creator: Horner, Daniel A.; McCurdy, C. William & Rescigno, Thomas N
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
TRITIUM AGING EFFECTS ON THE FRACTURE TOUGHNESS PROPERTIES OF FORGED STAINLESS STEEL (open access)

TRITIUM AGING EFFECTS ON THE FRACTURE TOUGHNESS PROPERTIES OF FORGED STAINLESS STEEL

The fracture toughness properties of Type 21-6-9 stainless steel were measured for forgings in the unexposed, hydrogen-exposed, and tritium-exposed-and-aged conditions. Fracture toughness samples were cut from conventionally-forged and high-energy-rate-forged forward-extruded cylinders and mechanically tested at room temperature using ASTM fracture-toughness testing procedures. Some of the samples were exposed to either hydrogen or tritium gas (340 MPa, 623 K) prior to testing. Tritium-exposed samples were aged for up to seven years and tested periodically in order to measure the effect on fracture toughness of {sup 3}He from radioactive tritium decay. The results show that hydrogen-exposed and tritium-exposed samples had lower fracture- toughness values than unexposed samples and that fracture toughness decreased with increasing decay {sup 3}He content. Forged steels were more resistant to the embrittling effects of tritium and decay {sup 3}He than annealed steels, although their fracture-toughness properties depended on the degree of sensitization that occurred during processing. The fracture process was dominated by microvoid nucleation, growth and coalescence; however, the size and spacing of microvoids on the fracture surfaces were affected by hydrogen and tritium with the lowest-toughness samples having the smallest microvoids and finest spacing.
Date: April 14, 2008
Creator: Morgan, M
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
TRITIUM EXTRACTION FACILITY ALARA (open access)

TRITIUM EXTRACTION FACILITY ALARA

The primary mission of the Tritium Extraction Facility (TEF) is to extract tritium from tritium producing burnable absorber rods (TPBARs) that have been irradiated in a commercial light water reactor and to deliver tritium-containing gas to the Savannah River Site Facility 233-H. The tritium extraction segment provides the capability to deliver three (3) kilograms per year to the nation's nuclear weapons stockpile. The TEF includes processes, equipment and facilities capable of production-scale extraction of tritium while minimizing personnel radiation exposure, environmental releases, and waste generation.
Date: April 19, 2005
Creator: Joye, BROTHERTON
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Tritium Transport at the Rulison Site, a Nuclear-stimulated Low-permeability Natural Gas Reservoir (open access)

Tritium Transport at the Rulison Site, a Nuclear-stimulated Low-permeability Natural Gas Reservoir

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and its predecessor agencies conducted a program in the 1960s and 1970s that evaluated technology for the nuclear stimulation of low-permeability natural gas reservoirs. The second project in the program, Project Rulison, was located in west-central Colorado. A 40-kiltoton nuclear device was detonated 2,568 m below the land surface in the Williams Fork Formation on September 10, 1969. The natural gas reservoirs in the Williams Fork Formation occur in low permeability, fractured sandstone lenses interbedded with shale. Radionuclides derived from residual fuel products, nuclear reactions, and activation products were generated as a result of the detonation. Most of the radionuclides are contained in a cooled, solidified melt glass phase created from vaporized and melted rock that re-condensed after the test. Of the mobile gas-phase radionuclides released, tritium ({sup 3}H or T) migration is of most concern. The other gas-phase radionuclides ({sup 85}Kr, {sup 14}C) were largely removed during production testing in 1969 and 1970 and are no longer present in appreciable amounts. Substantial tritium remained because it is part of the water molecule, which is present in both the gas and liquid (aqueous) phases. The objectives of this work are to calculate the nature …
Date: April 1, 2008
Creator: Cooper, C.; Ye, M. & Chapman, J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Tropical Africa: Land Use, Biomass, and Carbon Estimates for 1980 (NDP-055) (open access)

Tropical Africa: Land Use, Biomass, and Carbon Estimates for 1980 (NDP-055)

This document describes the contents of a digital database containing maximum potential aboveground biomass, land use, and estimated biomass and carbon data for 1980. The biomass data and carbon estimates are associated with woody vegetation in Tropical Africa. These data were collected to reduce the uncertainty associated with estimating historical releases of carbon from land use change. Tropical Africa is defined here as encompassing 22.7 x 10{sup 6} km{sup 2} of the earth's land surface and is comprised of countries that are located in tropical Africa (Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Benin, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Guinea-Bissau, Zimbabwe (Rhodesia), Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Burkina Faso (Upper Volta), Zaire, and Zambia). The database was developed using the GRID module in the ARC/INFO{trademark} geographic information system. Source data were obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the U.S. National Geophysical Data Center, and a limited number of biomass-carbon density case studies. These data were used to derive the maximum potential and actual (ca. 1980) aboveground biomass values at regional and country levels. The land-use …
Date: April 16, 2002
Creator: Brown, S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
TRP0033 - PCI Coal Combustion Behavior and Residual Coal Char Carryover in the Blast Furnace of 3 American Steel Companies during Pulverized Coal Injection (PCI) at High Rates (open access)

TRP0033 - PCI Coal Combustion Behavior and Residual Coal Char Carryover in the Blast Furnace of 3 American Steel Companies during Pulverized Coal Injection (PCI) at High Rates

Combustion behavior of pulverized coals (PC), gasification and thermal annealing of cokes were investigated under controlled environments. Physical and chemical properties of PCI, coke and carbon residues of blast furnace dust/sludge samples were characterized. The strong influence of carbon structure and minerals on PCI reactivity was demonstrated. A technique to characterize char carryover in off gas emissions was established.
Date: April 15, 2005
Creator: Sahajwalla, Veena & Gupta, Sushil
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library