This report documents the technical evaluation of the adequacy of the station electric distribution system voltages for the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, Units 1 and 2. The evaluation is to determine if the onsite distribution system in conjunction with the offsite power sources has sufficient capacity to automatically start and operate all Class 1E loads within the equipment voltage ratings under certain conditions established by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The analyses submitted demonstrate that adequate voltage will be supplied to the Class 1E equipment under worst case conditions.

A comprehensive set of activity and energy-demand projections for each of the major transportation modes and submodes is presented. Projections are developed for a business-as-usual scenario, which provides a benchmark for assessing the effects of potential conservation strategies. This baseline scenario assumes a continuation of present trends, including fuel-efficiency improvements likely to result from current efforts of vehicle manufacturers. Because of anticipated changes in fuel efficiency, fuel price, modal shifts, and a lower-than-historic rate of economic growth, projected growth rates in transportation activity and energy consumption depart from historic patterns. The text discusses the factors responsible for this departure, documents the assumptions and methodologies used to develop the modal projections, and compares the projections with other efforts.

Manley Hot Springs is one of several hot springs which form a belt extending from the Seward Peninsula to east-central Alaska. All of the hot springs are low-temperature, water-dominated geothermal systems, having formed as the result of circulation of meteoric water along deepseated fractures near or within granitic intrusives. Shallow, thermally disturbed ground at Manley Hot Springs constitutes an area of 1.2 km by 0.6 km along the lower slopes of Bean Ridge on the north side of the Tanana Valley. This area includes 32 springs and seeps and one warm (29.1/sup 0/C) well. The hottest springs range in temperature from 61/sup 0/ to 47/sup 0/C and are presently utilized for space heating and irrigation. This study was designed to characterize the geothermal system present at Manley Hot Springs and delineate likely sites for geothermal drilling. Several surveys were conducted over a grid system which included shallow ground temperature, helium soil gas, mercury soil and resistivity surveys. In addition, a reconnaissance ground temperature survey and water chemistry sampling program was undertaken. The preliminary results, including some preliminary water chemistry, show that shallow hydrothermal activity can be delineated by many of the surveys. Three localities are targeted as likely geothermal well …

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This report discusses directional drilling techniques and procedures that can be used to access fossil energy resources.

The Aerojet Energy Conversion Company, under contract to the Los Alamos National Laboratory, US Department of Energy, has constructed and tested a mobile geothermal well-site test unit at the Mercer 2 well in South Brawley, California (Imperial Valley). The equipment controlled, monitored, and recorded all process conditions of single- and dual-flash power cycles. Single- and two-phase flashed brine effluents were flowed through piping component test sections to provide hydrodynamic/kinetic data for scale formation. The unit operated at flowrates in excess of 200 gpm and is designed to accommodate flowrates up to 300 gpm. Primary scale formations encountered were those of Pbs, Fe{sub 2} (OH){sub 3}Cl (iron hydroxychloride), iron chlorides, and non-crystalline forms Of SiO{sub 2}. The formation of iron hydroxychloride was due to the unusually high concentration of iron in the wellhead brine (5000 mg/1).

Four manifestations of charm have been observed in photoproduction at Fermilab so far. These four are: (1) multimuon indications of the total charm cross section and observations of (2) psi and psi', (3) D/sup 0/ and D* and (4) ..lambda../sub c/. The relevant photoproduction experiments in the search for charm at Fermilab are the broad band neutral beam experiments by a Columbia-Fermilab-Illinois (CFI) collaboration, the Tagged Photon Beam experiment by the TPS collaboration and the muon beam experiment with an active iron target by the Berkeley-Fermilab-Princeton (BFP) collaboration.

In this paper, recently determined enthalpies of formation are presented for two fluorides, silver(I) uranium(V) fluoride, AgUF/sub 6/, and cesium fluoroxysulfate, CsSO/sub 4/F. In addition the derivation of entropy is presented for CsSO/sub 4/F.

The feasibility of establishing a facility for short-lived radionuclide production hinges on the availability of the Fermilab injector linac and on how such a program would fit in with the primary mission of the laboratory. The linac is available 168 hours per week except for scheduled maintenance, which typically does not exceed one to two shifts per week, and HEP requirements. The laboratory may be reluctant to make a commitment for the routine production of SLRs however, due to its understanding of the requirements for reliable scheduled delivery of targets. But, the laboratory is also quite interested in establishing industrial liaisons. It would be willing to explore feasible industrial proposals, especially with regards to developing a research-type facility where the technology and methods developed at Fermilab could be utilized elsewhere.

Magnetic saturation measurements performed on Ni/sub 3/Mn during neutron irradiations are briefly reviewed and critically re-examined. Disordering during thermal-neutron bombardment at 5/sup 0/K uniquely revealed the existence,number and average length of replacement collision sequences. Confirmation of our analysis by others is presented; some refinements are introduced; comparisons with recent molecular-dynamic calculations are drawn; and the (n,..gamma..) recoil spectrum in Ni/sub 3/Mn is reanalyzed. It is concluded that 112 to 150 <110> replacements occur, within one or two sequences, per (n,..gamma..) recoil with an average energy of 492 eV. Similar measurements on Ni/sub 3/Mn during fast-neutron bombardment at 5/sup 0/K yielded the total number of replacements per typical 30 keV cascade and demonstrated that very few interstitials were produced at large distances from the cascade by <110> replacement sequences. Recent results on high-resolution TEM measurements of disordered zones in fast-neutron irradiated Cu/sub 3/Au are discussed and compared with damage calculations for the accurately measured fast-neutron flux and energy spectrum in CP5 and reveal the spatial characteristics of the deposited energy in individual cascades. Resistivity measurements of Cu/sub 3/Au during fast-neutron bombardment at 150/sup 0/C have revealed both the disordering process within cascades and ordering by irradiation-enhanced vacancy diffusion. These experiments provide …

Techniques for fabricating cryogenic inertial confinement fusion targets (i.e., spherical shells containing a uniform layer of DT ice) are investigated using target free-fall concept. Detection and characterization of the moving targets are effected by optoelectronic means, of which the principal is an RF ac-interferometer. This interferometer system demonstrates, for the first time, the speed capabilities of the phase-modulation ac-interferometry. New techiques developed for handling, holding, launching, and transporting targets are also described. Results obtained at both room and cryogenic temperatures are presented.

The objective of this program is to develop and optimize the High Energy Gas Fracturing technique for producing multiple fractures about a wellbore and thereby stimulate natural gas production. Most gas wells in Devonian shales require stimulation to obtain commercially economic production. A propellant based technology has been developed which permits control of pressure loading to obtain multiple fracturing in a borehole. The High Energy Fracturing technique uses a full borehole charge of propellant tailored to produce multiple fractures radiating from the wellbore. The multiple fracture regime has been defined as a function of borehole size, pressure risetime, and surface wave velocity. The pressure risetime and peak pressure obtained in a borehole have been measured for different propellants and borehole diameters. These data make possible propellant specifications for a given peak pressure and pressure risetime. Semiempirical models using results from earlier experiments successfully predict stress and acceleration levels and fracture radii in surrounding rock. A finite element model has been developed which predicts fracture type, and direction of fractures as a function of pressure loading, in situ stress, and material properties. The High Energy Gas Fracturing program consists of three parts: (1) In situ experiments at DOE's Nevada Test Site …

Highlights of significant accomplishments for the Federal program are given as follows: leasing of Federal lands; resource identification, assessment, and exploration; hydrothermal industrialization; hydrothermal technology development; geopressured resources; hot dry rock resources; geosciences research; environment, Federal use of geothermal energy, international activities, program coordination, and state government activities.

The work done to extend the existing drain-down valve technology to provide passive drain-down freeze protection for thermosyphon-based solar water heaters is described. The basic design of the existing valve model is that of a spool valve, employing a cylindrical spool which moves axially in a mating cartridge to open and close o-rings at the two operating extremes (drain and operate) to perform the valving function. Three passive actuators to drive the basic valving mechanism were designed, fabricated, and tested. Two piping configurations used to integrate the spool valve with the thermosyphon system are described, as are the passive actuators. The three actuator designs are: photovoltaic driven, refrigerant-based bellows, and heat motor cable-drive designs. Costs are compared for the alternative actuator designs, and operating characteristics were examined for the thermosyphon system, including field tests. The market for the valve for thermosyphon systems is then assessed. (LEW)

Geothermal sites in Colorado are listed. The potential industrial market for geothermal energy in Colorado is described for agriculture, manufacturing, and the tourism and travel industry.

The primary motivation for conversion of MFTF-B to an axicell configuration lies in its engineering promise as a reactor geometry based on circular high-magnetic-field coils. In comparing this configuration to the previous A-cell geometry, we find a number of differences that might significantly affect the physics performance. The purpose of the present document is to examine those features and to assess their impact on the performance of the axicell, as compared to the A-cell configuration, for MFTF-B. In so doing, we address only those issues thought to be affected by the change in geometry and refer to the original report Physics Basis for MFTF-B, for discussion of those issues thought not to be affected. In Sec. 1, we summarize these physics issues. In Sec. 2, we describe operating scenarios in the new configuration. In the Appendices, we discuss those physics issues that require more detailed treatment.

The silvicultural matrix within which the nation's first large scale wood energy plantation will develop is described in detail. The relevant literature reviewed is identified and distilled. The plantation history, site preparation, planting, species selection, maintenance and management, harvesting, and the Eucalyptus biomass production estimates are presented.

The feasibility of large-scale plantation establishment by various methods was examined, and the following conclusions were reached: seedling plantations are limited in potential yield due to genetic variation among the planting stock and often inadequate supplies of appropriate seed; vegetative propagation by rooted cuttings can provide good genetic uniformity of select hybrid planting stock; however, large-scale production requires establishment and maintenance of extensive cutting orchards. The collection of shoots and preparation of cuttings, although successfully implemented in the Congo and Brazil, would not be economically feasible in Florida for large-scale plantations; tissue culture propagation of select hybrid eucalypts offers the only opportunity to produce the very large number of trees required to establish the energy plantation. The cost of tissue culture propagation, although higher than seedling production, is more than off-set by the increased productivity of vegetative plantations established from select hybrid Eucalyptus.

The theoretical basis for modeling the arrival times of local earthquake P waves at a network of seismic stations is described. A technique for separating the dependence of network arrival times on velocity structure from the dependence on the earthquake location parameters is presented. Commented computer listings of the forward modeling algorithms developed in part under DOE support are given. The local arrival time and Bouguer gravity data sets acquired for the Roosevelt and Leach Hot Springs areas are described. The Leach data were found to be inadequate so the emphasis is on the editing and processing the Roosevelt Hot Springs data prior to inversion. The inversion model for the Roosevelt Hot Springs area obtained from a joint inversion of seismic and gravity data is described. The more robust features of the final model are discussed in light of the known geology and geophysics of the area and are compared to results obtained from related studies. (MHR)

Progress made during the 19 months from March 1, 1980, through September 30, 1981, is reported in the following areas: theoretical solid state physics (surfaces, electronic and magnetic properties, particle-solid interactions, and laser annealing); surface and near-surface properties of solids (plasma materials interactions, ion-solid interactions, pulsed laser annealing, and semiconductor physics and photovoltaic conversion); defects in solids (radiation effects, fracture, and defects and impurities in insulating crystals); transport properties of solids (fast-ion conductors, superconductivity, and physical properties of insulating materials); neutron scattering (small-angle scattering, lattice dynamics, and magnetic properties); crystal growth and characterization (nuclear waste forms, ferroelectric mateirals, high-temperature materials, and special materials); and isotope research materials. Publications and papers are listed. (WHK)

The theory of the stability of high intensity particle beams in circular accelerators and storage rings is developed. A simple one dimensional oscillator system is used to introduce the discussion of the stability problem and of the effect of a frequency distribution. These results are then extended to the case of a system of particles executing synchrotron and betatron oscillations in a circular accelerator. In the absence of a general solution of the stability problems, it is convenient to introduce a classification of the instabilities, using the characteristic times and lengths of the particle system. This allows us to identify a set of parameters of the particle beam for which one can establish the stability conditions.

Measurement of the solubilities of certain waste radionuclide compounds will be necessary to adequately assess and predict the ability of potential underground waste storage facilities to meet federally established performance criteria. During such measurements, it is usually necessary to physically separate solid and solution phases. Experiments have been conducted to test and compare the relative efficacy of three commonly used separation methods, i.e. gravity settling, centrifugation and filtration. The results indicated that sorption of solution species onto filters can occur and could potentially lead to erroneous results in solubility measurements when one is dealing with trace amounts of radionuclides in solution. The degree of retention by filters depended on the solution pH and the nature of the filter material. Of the three methods, centrifugation appeared to give the most reliable and consistent results. Filtration was found to give results comparable to centrifugation if care is taken in the selection of filter type.