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Field Demonstration of a Membrane Process to Separate Nitrogen From Natural Gas Progress Report
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Chemical Processing Department Monthly Report
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Evaluation of Roof Bolting Requirements Based on In-Mine Bolter Drilling Progress Report
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Hanford Laboratories Operation Monthly Activities Report
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Technical evaluation report for the demonstration of radio frequency soil decontamination at Site S-1
The Air Force`s Armstrong Laboratory at Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida, has supported the research and development of Radio Frequency Soil Decontamination. Radio frequency soil decontamination is essentially a heat-assisted soil vapor extraction process. Site S-1 at Kelly Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas, was selected for the demonstration of two patented techniques. The site is a former sump that collected spills and surface run-off from a waste petroleum, oils, and lubricants and solvent storage and transfer area. In 1993, a technique developed by the IIT Research Institute using an array of electrodes placed in the soil was demonstrated. In 1994, a technique developed by KAI Technologies, Inc. using a single applicator placed in a vertical borehole was demonstrated. Approximately 120 tons of soil were heated during each demonstration to a temperature of about 150 degrees Celsius.
Date:
April 1, 1995
Creator:
Lyon, Chesley R.; Blanchard, Clifton F. & Whitt, Laura H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tests of Low Scale Gravity via Gauge Boson Pair Production in {gamma}{gamma} Collisions
Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos and Dvali have recently proposed that gravity may become strong at energies near 1 TeV thus removing the hierarchy problem. This scenario can be tested in several ways at present and future colliders. In this paper we examine the exchange of towers of Kaluza-Klein gravitons and their influence on the production of pairs of massive gauge bosons in {gamma}{gamma} collisions. These tower exchanges are shown to lead to a new dimension-8 operator that can significant alter the Standard Model expectations for these processes. The role of polarization for both the initial state photons and the final state gauge bosons in improving sensitivity to graviton exchange is emphasized. We find that the discovery reach for graviton tower exchange in the {gamma}{gamma} {r_arrow} W{sup +}W{sup {minus}} channel to be significantly greater than for any other process so far examined.
Date:
April 19, 1999
Creator:
Rizzo, Thomas G.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
User requirements for ISEARCH document imaging system
This requirements document lists items that are needed for exploring replacement software for the existing imaging system for the RMIS/ISEARCH system.
Date:
April 10, 1997
Creator:
Galbreath, E.D.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Transformations in organic sulfur speciation during maturation of Monterey shale: Constraints from laboratory experiments
A series of hydrous pyrolysis experiments were conducted at temperatures ranging from 125 to 360C at 350 bars pressure to examine variations in sulfur speciation during thermal maturation of Monterey shale. The total sediment, kerogen and bitumen from each experiment in addition to unheated representatives were analyzed via x-ray absorption spectroscopy, pyrolysis-gas chromatography, {sup 30}NMR spectrometry, elemental analysis, thin-layer chromatography and reflected light microscopy. Based on these measurements, it was possible to recognize three distinct temperature regimes, within which the type and amount of sulfur in the analyzed fractions underwent transformations: (1) between 150 and 225C significant proportion of kerogen-bound sulfur is lost probably due to the collapse of polysulfide bridges; (2) between 225 and 275C, cleavage of -S-S- and -S-C- linkages within the kerogen is believed to occur, resulting in substantial production of polar sulfur-rich bitumen; (3) above 275C total bitumen yields as well as the proportion of bitumen sulfur decrease, while C-C bond scission leads to increased yields of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons. The results from this study clearly and quantitatively establish a link between organically-bound sulfur, and more specifically, organic polysulfides, and the low-temperature evolution of soluble petroleum-like products (bitumen) from sulfur-rich source rocks.
Date:
April 1995
Creator:
Nelson, B. C.; Eglinton, T. I.; Seewald, J. S.; Vairavamurthy, M. A. & Miknis, F. P.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced Emissions Control Development Program
The objective of the Advanced Emissions Control Development Program (AECDP) is to develop practical, cost-effective strategies for reducing the emissions of air toxics from coal-fired boilers. Ideally, the project aim is to effectively control air toxic emissions through the use of conventional flue gas cleanup equipment such as electrostatic precipitators (ESPS), fabric filters (baghouse), and wet flue gas desulfurization. Development work to date has concentrated on the capture of mercury, other trace metals, fine particulate and hydrogen chloride. Following the construction and evaluation of a representative air toxics test facility in Phase I, Phase II focused on the evaluation of mercury and several other air toxics emissions. The AECDP is jointly funded by the United States Department of Energy's Federal Energy Technology Center (DOE), the Ohio Coal Development Office within the Ohio Department of Development (oCDO), and Babcock& Wilcox-a McDermott company (B&W).
Date:
April 1, 1998
Creator:
A.P.Evans; Redinger, K.E. & Holmes, M.J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Test plan for the data acquisition and management system for monitoring the fuel oil spill at the Sandia National Laboratories installation in Livermore, California
This report describes the formal test plan that will be used for the data acquisition and management system developed to monitor a bioremediation study by Argonne National Laboratory in association with Sandia National Laboratories. The data acquisition and management system will record the site data during the bioremediation and assist experts in site analysis. The three major subsystems of this system are described in detail in this report. In addition, this report documents the component- and system-level test procedures that will be implemented at each phase of the project. Results of these test procedures are documented in this report.
Date:
April 1, 1995
Creator:
Widing, M.A.; Dominiak, D.M.; Leser, C.C.; Peerenboom, J.P. & Manning, J.F.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Practical Guide for Commissioning Existing Buildings
Although this guide focuses on the retrocommissioning process and its advantages, all three types of commissioning--retrocommissioning, commissioning, and recommissioning--play an equally important role in ensuring that buildings perform efficiently and provide comfortable, safe, and productive work environments for owners and occupants. For new construction and retrofit projects, commissioning should be incorporated early, during design, and last throughout the length of the project. For buildings that were never commissioned, the retrocommissioning process can yield a wealth of cost-saving opportunities while enhancing a building's environment. Finally, once a building is commissioned or retrocommissioned, incorporating recommissioning into the organization's O and M program (by periodically reapplying the original diagnostic testing and checklist procedures) helps ensure that cost savings and other benefits gained from the original process persist over time.
Date:
April 1, 1999
Creator:
Haasl, T. & Sharp, T.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Numerical transport theory; Final report
The basic problem addressed in the project was that of accelerating the iterative convergence of Discrete Ordinates (S{sub N}) problems. Important previous work on this problem, much of which was done at LANL, has shown that the Diffusion Synthetic Acceleration (DSA) method can be a very effective acceleration procedure. However, in two-dimensional geometries, only the diamond differenced S{sub N} equations have been efficiently solved using DSA. This is because, for the 2-D diamond-differenced S{sub N} equations, the standard DSA procedure leads to a relatively simple discretized low-order diffusion equation that for many problems can be efficiently solved by a multigrid method. For other discretized versions of the S{sub N} equations, the standard DSA procedure leads to much more complicated discretizations of the low-order diffusion equation that have not been efficiently solved by multigrid (or other) methods. In this project, we have developed a new procedure to obtain discretized diffusion equations for DSA-accelerating the convergence of the S{sub N} equations using certain lumped discontinuous finite element spatial differencing methods. The idea is to use an asymptotic analysis for the derivation of the discretized diffusion equation. This is based on the fact that diffusion theory is an asymptotic limit of transport theory. …
Date:
April 1, 1994
Creator:
Larsen, E.W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Calculations supporting evaluation of potential environmental standards for Yucca Mountain
The Energy Policy Act of 1992, Section 801 (US Congress, 1992) provides for the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to contract the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) to conduct a study and provide findings and recommendations on reasonable standards for the disposal of high-level wastes at the Yucca Mountain site. The NAS study is to provide findings and recommendations which include, among other things, whether a health-based standard based on dose to individual members of the public from releases to the accessible environment will provide a reasonable standard for the protection of the health and safety of the public. The EPA, based upon and consistent with the findings and recommendations of the NAS, is required to promulgate standards for protection of the public from releases from radioactive materials stored or disposed of in a repository at the Yucca Mountain site. This document presents a number of different ``simple`` analyses of undisturbed repository performance that are intended to provide input to those responsible for setting appropriate environmental standards for a potential repository at the Yucca Mountain site in Nevada. Each of the processes included in the analyses has been simplified to capture the primary significance of that process in containing or …
Date:
April 1, 1994
Creator:
Duguid, J. O.; Andrews, R. W.; Brandstetter, E.; Dale, T. F. & Reeves, M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Theory and numerical application of subsurface flow and transport for transient freezing conditions
Protective barriers are being investigated for the containment of radioactive waste within subsurface environments. Predicting the effectiveness of cryogenic barriers and near-surface barriers in temperate or arctic climates requires capabilities for numerically modeling subsurface flow and transport for freezing soil conditions. A predictive numerical model is developed herein to simulate the flow and transport of radioactive solutes for three-phase (water-ice-air) systems under freezing conditions. This physically based model simulates the simultaneous flow of water, air, heat, and radioactive solutes through variably saturated and variably frozen geologic media. Expressions for ice (frozen water) and liquid water saturations as functions of temperature, interfacial pressure differences, and osmotic potential are developed from nonhysteretic versions of the Brooks and Corey and van Genuchten functions for soil moisture retention. Aqueous relative permeability functions for variably saturated and variably frozen geologic media are developed from the Mualem and Burdine theories for predicting relative permeability of unsaturated soil. Soil deformations, caused by freezing and melting transitions, are neglected. Algorithms developed for predicting ice and liquid water saturations and aqueous-phase permeabilities were incorporated into the finite-difference based numerical simulator STOMP (Subsurface Transport Over Multiple Phases). Application of the theory is demonstrated by the solution of heat and mass …
Date:
April 1, 1995
Creator:
White, M. D.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Test plan for surface and subsurface examinations of K-east and K-west fuel elements
The test plan for subsurface examinations on damaged K East and K West Basin fuel elements is presented. The purpose of these examinations is to inspect damaged areas on the fuel elements for the presence of voids, sludge, or broken fuel, and to obtain samples from the damaged areas for subsequent characterization tests.
Date:
April 14, 1997
Creator:
Pitner, A.L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaporative oxidation treatability test report
In 1992, Congress passed the Federal Facilities Compliance Act that requires the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to treat and dispose of its mixed waste in accordance with the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) land disposal restrictions (LDRs). In response to the need for mixed-waste treatment capacity where available off-site commercial treatment facilities do not exist or cannot be used, the DOE Albuquerque Operations Office (DOE-AL) organized a Treatment Selection Team to match mixed wastes with treatment options and develop a strategy for treatment of its mixed wastes. DOE-AL manages operations at nine sites with mixed-waste inventories. The Treatment Selection Team determined a need to develop mobile treatment capacity to treat wastes at the sites where the wastes are generated. Treatment processes used for mixed waste not only must address the hazardous component (i.e., meet LDRs) but also must contain the radioactive component in a form that allows final disposal while protecting workers, the public, and the environment. On the basis of recommendations of the Treatment Selection Team, DOE-AL assigned projects to the sites to bring mixed-waste treatment capacity on-line. The three technologies assigned to the DOE Grand Junction Projects Office (GJPO) are evaporative oxidation, thermal desorption, and treated …
Date:
April 1, 1995
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Use of Simulation for the Programs for the Modeling of the Next Linear Collider
The Next Linear Collider is an electron-positron accelerator unprecedented in its size, energy, and tight tolerances. We describe the suite of simulation tools which are widely used in designing and modeling the performance of the NLC. In order to achieve a uniform beamline description and permit simulation of all facets of the collider, an extended version of the Standard Input Format (xSIF) has been developed and implemented in MAD and DIMAD. We discuss several enhancements to the MAD and DIMAD calculation engines necessary to properly simulate the most challenging regions of the facility. We also describe enhancements to LIAR which allow it to be used as the tracking engine for a tuning/feedback simulation written in MATLAB. Finally, we discuss the additional software needed to model the beam stabilization and tuning processes.
Date:
April 23, 1999
Creator:
Tenenbaum, Peter G
System:
The UNT Digital Library
NNWSI [Nevada Nuclear Waste Storage Investigations] waste form testing at Argonne National Laboratory; Semiannual report, January--June 1988
The Chemical Technology Division of Argonne National Laboratory is performing experiments in support of the waste package development of the Yucca Mountain Project (formerly the Nevada Nuclear Waste Storage Investigations Project). Experiments in progress include (1) the development and performance of a durability test in unsaturated conditions, (2) studies of waste form behavior in an irradiated atmosphere, (3) studies of behavior in water vapor, and (4) studies of naturally occurring glasses to be used as analogues for waste glass behavior. This report documents progress made during the period of January--June 1988. 21 refs., 37 figs., 12 tabs.
Date:
April 1990
Creator:
Bates, J. K.; Gerding, T. J.; Ebert, W. L.; Mazer, J. J. & Biwer, B. M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Gravimelt Process (Molten-Caustic-Leaching). Quarterly report, January--March 1989
The objective of this project is to construct and operate an integrated test circuit for the Molten-Caustic-Leaching (Gravimelt) process for desulfurization and demineralization of coal to prove process economics assumptions, deliver product coal and to test process conditions aimed at significantly lowering costs. The test circuit consists of six unit operations which together provide a continuous system for leaching coal and regenerating the reactant. These units are: (a) a kiln for reacting molten caustic with coal; (b) a seven stage water washing section for recovering caustic from the coal; (c) a three-stage acid washing section for removing the last traces of metals and alkali and providing an ultra pure coal product; (d) a water treatment section to provide either dischargeable or recyclable water; (e) a regeneration section to provide purified aqueous caustic; and (f) an evaporator section to provide molten-caustic for recycle to the kiln reactor. The integrated test circuit facility contains more than 160 pieces of equipment Including filters, centrifuges, tanks, reactors, feeders and the kiln and rising film evaporator. It occupies 3700 square fast and is fitted with more than 6000 foot of piping, 425 valves, 80 instruments and controls as well as a control room with computer …
Date:
April 14, 1989
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The cost of ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass -- A comparison of selected alternative processes. Final report
The purpose of this report is to compare the cost of selected alternative processes for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol. In turn, this information will be used by the ARS/USDA to guide the management of research and development programs in biomass conversion. The report will identify where the cost leverages are for the selected alternatives and what performance parameters need to be achieved to improve the economics. The process alternatives considered here are not exhaustive, but are selected on the basis of having a reasonable potential in improving the economics of producing ethanol from biomass. When other alternatives come under consideration, they should be evaluated by the same methodology used in this report to give fair comparisons of opportunities. A generic plant design is developed for an annual production of 25 million gallons of anhydrous ethanol using corn stover as the model substrate at $30/dry ton. Standard chemical engineering techniques are used to give first order estimates of the capital and operating costs. Following the format of the corn to ethanol plant, there are nine sections to the plant; feed preparation, pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation, distillation and dehydration, stillage evaporation, storage and denaturation, utilities, and enzyme production. There are …
Date:
April 30, 1993
Creator:
Grethlein, H.E. & Dill, T.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nesting bird deterrents for the Federal Republic of Germany glass log storage pad
A proposed storage pad wi11 be constructed in the 200 West Area for the storage of isotopic heat and radiation sources from the Federal Republic of Germany. The pad will be constructed in the southern portion of the Solid Waste Operations Complex near the existing Sodium Storage Pad (Figure 1). Following a biological review by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) personnel (Brandt 1996), it was determined that in order for construction to take place after March 15, 1997, actions would need to be taken to prevent migratory birds from nesting in the project area. Special attention was focused on preventing sage sparrows and loggerhead shrikes, both Hanford Site species of concern (DOE/RL 1996), from nesting in the area. This activity plan details the methods and procedures that will be used to implement these nesting deterrents.
Date:
April 15, 1997
Creator:
Mitchell, R.M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
MISTY ECHO tunnel dynamics experiment data report; Volume 2, Appendices: Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project
Tunnel damage resulting from seismic loading is an important issue for the Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository. The tunnel dynamics experiment was designed to obtain and document ground motions, permanent displacements, observable changes in fracture patterns, and visible damage at ground motion levels of interest to the Yucca Mountain Project. Even though the maximum free-field loading on this tunnel was 28 g, the damage observed was minor. Fielding details, data obtained, and supporting documentation are reported.
Date:
April 1, 1992
Creator:
Phillips, J. S.; Luke, B. A.; Long, J. W. & Lee, J. G.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Increasing Waterflood Reserves in the Wilmington Oil Field Through Improved Reservoir Characterization and Reservoir Management
The objectives of this quarterly report are to summarize the work conducted under each task during the reporting period January - March 1998 and to report all technical data and findings as specified in the "Federal Assistance Reporting Checklist". The main objective of this project is the transfer of technologies, methodologies, and findings developed and applied in this project to other operators of Slope and Basin Clastic Reservoirs. This project will study methods to identify sands with high remaining oil saturation and to recomplete existing wells using advanced completion technology. The identification of the sands with high remaining oil saturation will be accomplished by developing a deterministic three dimensional (3-D) geologic model and by using a state of the art reservoir management computer software. The wells identified by the geologic and reservoir engineering work as having the best potential will be logged with cased-hole logging tools. The application of the logging tools will be optimized in the lab by developing a rock-log model. This rock-log model will allow us to translate measurements through casing into effective porosity and hydrocarbon saturation. The wells that are shown to have the best oil production potential will be recompleted. The recompletions will be optimized …
Date:
April 22, 1998
Creator:
Phillips, Chris; Moos, Dan; Clarke, Don; Nguyen, John; Tagbor, Kwasi; Koerner, Roy et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Methods of constructing a 3D geological model from scatter data
Most geoscience applications, such as assessment of an oil reservoir or hazardous waste site, require geological characterization of the site. Geological characterization involves analysis of spatial distributions of lithology, porosity, etc. Because of the complexity of the spatial relationships, the authors find that a 3-D model of geology is better suited for integration of many different types of data and provides a better representation of a site than a 2-D one. A 3-D model of geology is constructed from sample data obtained from field measurements, which are usually scattered. To create a volume model from scattered data, interpolation between points is required. The interpolation can be computed using one of several computational algorithms. Alternatively, a manual method may be employed, in which an interactive graphics device is used to input by hand the information that lies between the data points. For example, a mouse can be used to draw lines connecting data points with equal values. The combination of these two methods presents yet another approach. In this study, the authors will compare selected methods of 3-D geological modeling, They used a flow-based, modular visualization environment (AVS) to construct the geological models computationally. Within this system, they used three modules, …
Date:
April 1, 1995
Creator:
Horsman, J. & Bethel, W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Brookhaven National Laboratory filter pack system for collection and determination of air pollutants
A filter pack system for sampling trace constituents in the atmosphere from aircraft and ground-based measurement platforms has been developed. The system simultaneously and quantitatively collects atmospheric aerosol, nitric acid, and sulfur dioxide using three sequential filter stages. The quartz aerosol filter is routinely analyzed for sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and hydrogen ions, and specifically for sulfuric acid. The sodium chloride filter is analyzed for nitrate ion (from collected nitric acid), and the carbonate-glycerine filter for sulfate ion (from collected sulfur dioxide). Details of the procedures used for filter preparation, sampling, extraction and analysis are given.
Date:
April 1, 1995
Creator:
Leahy, D. F.; Klotz, P. J.; Springston, S. R. & Daum, P. H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Phase III: Implementation and Operation of the Repository
All of the hardware is installed and all available databases are loaded into the metadata repository. The final stages of beta testing of GeoTrek and necessary revisions are underway, with a targeted public release of the NGDRS system in April or May 1998. The Eastern Gulf Region PTTC, Oklahoma Geological Survey, and A2D databases have been converted and loaded into the metadata repository. These are in addition to the four previously installed databases, including the BEG, MMS, PGS, and Fairfield. Data quality improvements, particularly with the MMS and BEG data is continuing, including making the data more intuitive for the typical user. The beta-testing process has resulted in a number of action items that have been reviewed and addressed. Most of these issues have been resolved, and the remaining issues will be resolved early in the second quarter of 1998, leading to the public launch of the NGDRS metadata repository. Installation of GeoTrek at the BEG, in an effort to bring their core holdings into the NDGRS, was completed in December. A review was held concerning the experiences of the BEG with GeoTrek during January. The feedback was largely positive, with only a couple technical details to address. A number …
Date:
April 1, 1998
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Glass formulation development and offgas analysis of microwave melter powder samples
Production of nuclear materials for defense applications has resulted in the accumulation of vast amounts of nuclear waste. This contaminated waste is in a variety of forms that require subsequent reprocessing to isolate and encapsulate the nuclear (e.g., uranium, plutonium, strontium, cesium, and americium) and toxic (e.g., lead, chromium, and cadmium) constituents. The encapsulating material must possess good chemical and mechanical durability to resist leaching of the nuclear and toxic constituents into the environment during permanent storage at a waste repository. Glass is an ideal encapsulating material because its open structure allows the introduction of different waste forms and the final vitreous product possesses a high degree of chemical stability. Microwave heating and melting is a relatively new advancement in glass processing which uses microwave radiation to heat the glass formers to adequate temperatures for sintering or melting. An advantage to this technique is that it enables more rapid heating than traditional heating mechanisms. This decrease in cycle time may help to limit exposure to workers encapsulating radioactive and/or toxic waste.
Date:
April 1, 1994
Creator:
Semones, G. B.; Hoffman, C. R. & Phillips, J. A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A strategy to seal exploratory boreholes in unsaturated tuff; Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project
This report presents a strategy for sealing exploratory boreholes associated with the Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project. Over 500 existing and proposed boreholes have been considered in the development of this strategy, ranging from shallow (penetrating into alluvium only) to deep (penetrating into the groundwater table). Among the comprehensive list of recommendations are the following: Those boreholes within the potential repository boundary and penetrating through the potential repository horizon are the most significant boreholes from a performance standpoint and should be sealed. Shallow boreholes are comparatively insignificant and require only nominal sealing. The primary areas in which to place seals are away from high-temperature zones at a distance from the potential repository horizon in the Paintbrush nonwelded tuff and the upper portion of the Topopah Spring Member and in the tuffaceous beds of the Calico Hills Unit. Seals should be placed prior to waste emplacement. Performance goals for borehole seals both above and below the potential repository are proposed. Detailed construction information on the boreholes that could be used for future design specifications is provided along with a description of the environmental setting, i.e., the geology, hydrology, and the in situ and thermal stress states. A borehole classification scheme based …
Date:
April 1, 1994
Creator:
Fernandez, J. A.; Case, J. B.; Givens, C. A. & Carney, B. C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library