19,195 Matching Results

Results open in a new window/tab.

Trade Legislation in the 106th Congress: An Overview (open access)

Trade Legislation in the 106th Congress: An Overview

The 106th Congress completed action on a number of major trade initiatives. The impact on American firms and workers was a paramount concern in the passage of this legislation. Most notably, bills were passed to establish "normal trade relations" with China, deepen economic ties with the countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, enhance trade benefits for 24 Caribbean Basin countries, and to ease trade sanctions on Cuba and other countries. Congress also voted to maintain U.S. participation in the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as worked with the Clinton Administration to pass replacement legislation for the Foreign Sales Corporation (FSC) tax benefit for U.S. exports. The latter action averted, at least until mid-2001, the imposition of punitive tariffs by the European Union on an estimated $4 billion in U.S. exports.
Date: March 7, 2001
Creator: Ahearn, Raymond J. & Jones, Vivian C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Transatlantic Regulatory Cooperation: A Possible Role for Congress (open access)

Transatlantic Regulatory Cooperation: A Possible Role for Congress

This report focuses on the creation of the Transatlantic Economic Council; the role of legislatures in the regulatory process; and the Transatlantic Legislators' Dialogue and its new role as an advisor to transatlantic regulatory efforts.
Date: March 9, 2009
Creator: Ahearn, Raymond J. & Morelli, Vincent
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Adiabatic Matching Section Solution for the Source Injector (open access)

The Adiabatic Matching Section Solution for the Source Injector

Typical designs for a Heavy Ion Fusion Power Plant require the source injector to deliver 100 beams, packed into an array with a spacing of 7 cm. When designing source injectors using a single large aperture source for each beam, the emitter surfaces are packed into an array with a spacing of 30 cm. Thus, the matching section of the source injector must not only prepare the beam for transport in a FODO lattice, but also funnel the beams together. This can be accomplished by an ESQ matching section in which each beam travels on average at a slight angle to the axis of the quadrupoles and uses the focusing effect of the FODO lattice to maintain the angle. At the end of the matching section, doublet steering is used to bring the beams parallel to each other for injection into the main accelerator. A specific solution of this type for an 84-beam source injector is presented.
Date: March 1, 2000
Creator: Ahle, L.; Grote, D. P.; Halaza, E.; Henestroza, E.; Kwan, J. W. & MacLaren, S. A.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Results of the Recirculator Project at LLNL (open access)

Results of the Recirculator Project at LLNL

The Heavy Ion Fusion Group at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has for several years been developing the world's first circular induction accelerator designed for space charge dominated ion beams. Experiments on one quarter of the ring have been completed. The accelerator extended ten half-lattice periods (HLP) with induction cores for acceleration placed on every other HLP. A network of Capacitive Beam Probes (C-probes) was also enabled for beam position monitoring throughout the bend section. These C-probes have been instrumental in steering experiment, implementation of the acceleration stages and the dipole pulser, and the first attempts at coordinated bending and acceleration. Data from these experiments and emittance measurements will be presented.
Date: March 1, 2000
Creator: Ahle, L.; Sangster, T. C.; Barnard, J.; Burkhart, C.; Craig, G.; Debeling, A. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Calibrated Properties Model (open access)

Calibrated Properties Model

The purpose of this Analysis/Model Report (AMR) is to document the Calibrated Properties Model that provides calibrated parameter sets for unsaturated zone (UZ) flow and transport process models for the Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project (YMP). This work was performed in accordance with the ''AMR Development Plan for U0035 Calibrated Properties Model REV00. These calibrated property sets include matrix and fracture parameters for the UZ Flow and Transport Model (UZ Model), drift seepage models, drift-scale and mountain-scale coupled-processes models, and Total System Performance Assessment (TSPA) models as well as Performance Assessment (PA) and other participating national laboratories and government agencies. These process models provide the necessary framework to test conceptual hypotheses of flow and transport at different scales and predict flow and transport behavior under a variety of climatic and thermal-loading conditions.
Date: March 12, 2000
Creator: Ahlers, C. & Liu, H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Testing and modeling of seepage into underground openings in aheterogeneous fracture system at Yucca Mountain, Nevada (open access)

Testing and modeling of seepage into underground openings in aheterogeneous fracture system at Yucca Mountain, Nevada

We discuss field activities designed to characterize seepage into an underground opening at the potential site for geologic storage of high-level radioactive waste (HLRW) at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, and the use of these data for development and calibration of a model for predicting seepage into planned HLRW emplacement drifts. Air-injection tests were conducted to characterize the permeability of the fractured rock, and liquid-release tests (LRTs) were conducted and seepage monitored to characterize the seepage-relevant properties of the fractured rock. Both air-injection and liquid-release tests were performed in the same borehole intervals, located above the underground openings. For modeling, three-dimensional, heterogeneous permeability fields were generated, conditioned on the air-permeability data. The initial seepage data collected were used to calibrate the model and test the appropriateness of the modeling approach. A capillary-strength parameter and porosity were the model parameters selected for estimation by data inversion. However, due to the short-term nature of the initial data, the inversion process was unable to independently determine the capillary strength and porosity of the fractured rock. Subsequent seepage data collection focused on longer-term tests, a representative selection of which was used for data inversion. Field observations also played a key role by identifying factors such as …
Date: March 25, 2002
Creator: Ahlers, C. F.; Trautz, R. C.; Cook, P. J. & Finsterle, S.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
San Francisco State University IAC 02-06 Final Report (open access)

San Francisco State University IAC 02-06 Final Report

The Industrial Assessment Center (IAC) at San Francisco State University (SFSU) has served the cause of energy efficiency as a whole, and in particular for small and medium-sized manufacturing facilities in northern and central California, within a approximately 150 miles (radial) of San Francisco since 1992. In the current reporting period (September 1, 2002 through November 31, 2006) we have had major accomplishments, which include but are not limited to: - Performing a total of 94 energy efficiency and waste minimization audit days of 87 industrial plants - Recommending and analysis of 809 energy efficiency measures - Training 22 energy engineers, most of whom have joined energy services companies in California. - Disseminating energy efficiency information among local manufacturers - Acting as an information source for energy efficiency for local manufacturers and utilizes - Cooperating with local utilities and California Energy Commission in their energy efficiency projects - Performing various assignments by DOE such as dissemination of information on SEN initiative, conducting workshops on energy efficiency issues, contacting large energy user plants - Establishing a course on “Energy: Resources, Alternatives and Conservation” as a general education course at SFSU - Bringing energy issues to the attention of students in classrooms
Date: March 5, 2007
Creator: Ahmad R. Ganji, Ph.D., P.E., IAC DIrector
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Top quark physics (open access)

Top quark physics

The top quark, when it was finally discovered at Fermilab in 1995 completed the three-generation structure of the Standard Model (SM) and opened up the new field of top quark physics. Viewed as just another SM quark, the top quark appears to be a rather uninteresting species. Produced predominantly, in hadron-hadron collisions, through strong interactions, it decays rapidly without forming hadrons, and almost exclusively through the single mode t {r_arrow} Wb. The relevant CKM coupling V{sub tb} is already determined by the (three-generation) unitarity of the CKM matrix. Rare decays and CP violation are unmeasurable small in the SM. Yet the top quark is distinguished by its large mass, about 35 times larger than the mass of the next heavy quark, and intriguingly close to the scale of electroweak (EW) symmetry breaking. This unique property raises a number of interesting questions. Is the top quark mass generated by the Higgs mechanism as the SM predicts and is its mass related to the top-Higgs-Yukawa coupling? Or does it play an even more fundamental role in the EW symmetry breaking mechanism? If there are new particles lighter than the top quark, does the top quark decay into them? Could non-SM physics first …
Date: March 24, 2000
Creator: Ahmadov, A.; Azuelos, G.; Bauer, U.; Belyaev, A.; Berger, E. L.; Sullivan, Z. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Impact of astrophysical processes on the gamma-ray background from dark matter annihilations (open access)

Impact of astrophysical processes on the gamma-ray background from dark matter annihilations

We study the impact of astrophysical processes on the gamma-ray background produced by the annihilation of dark matter particles in cosmological halos, with particular attention to the consequences of the formation of supermassive black holes. In scenarios where these objects form adiabatically from the accretion of matter on small seeds, dark matter is first compressed into very dense 'spikes', then its density progressively decreases due to annihilations and scattering of stellar cusps. With respect to previous analyses, based on non-evolving halos, the predicted annihilation signal is higher and significantly distorted at low energies, reflecting the large contribution to the total flux from unevolved spikes at high redshifts. The peculiar spectral feature arising from the specific redshift distribution of the signal, would discriminate the proposed scenario from more conventional astrophysical explanations. We discuss how this affects the prospects for detection and demonstrate that the gamma-ray background from DM annihilations might be detectable even in absence of a signal from the Galactic center.
Date: March 1, 2007
Creator: Ahn, Eun-Joo; /Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr. /KICP, Chicago /Fermilab /Bartol Research Inst.; Bertone, Gianfranco; Tech., /Rochester Inst.; Merritt, David & /Shanghai, Astron. Observ.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
CuPt-B ordered microstructures in GaInP and GaInAs films (open access)

CuPt-B ordered microstructures in GaInP and GaInAs films

The authors examine CuPt-B atomic sublattice ordering in Ga{sub 0.51}In{sub 0.49}P (GaInP) and Ga{sub 0.47}In{sub 0.53}As (GaInAs) III-V alloy films grown by atmospheric- and low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on singular and vicinal (001) substrates. The influences of growth conditions and substrate miscut on double- and single-variant ordered microstructures are investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Relatively thick (>1-2 {micro}m) double-variant ordered GaInP and GaInAs films show complementary superdomain formation. Single-variant ordered films on <111>B-miscut substrates contain single-phase domains, separated by antiphase boundaries (APBs). The appearance of APBs in TEM dark-field images is anticipated from electron diffraction theory.
Date: March 1, 2000
Creator: Ahrenkiel, S. P.; Jones, K. M.; Matson, R. J.; Al-Jassim, M. M.; Zhang, Y.; Mascarenhas, A. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Final-part metrology for LIGA springs, Build Group 1. (open access)

Final-part metrology for LIGA springs, Build Group 1.

The LIGA spring is a recently designed part for defense program applications. The Sandia California LIGA team has produced an initial group build of these nickel alloy parts. These are distinctive in having a macroscopic lateral size of about 1 cm, while requiring microscopic dimensional precision on the order of a few micrometers. LIGA technology capabilities at Sandia are able to manufacture such precise structures. While certain aspects of the LIGA process and its production capabilities have been dimensionally characterized in the past, [1-6] the present work is exclusive in defining a set of methods and techniques to inspect and measure final LIGA nickel alloy parts in large prototype quantities. One hundred percent inspection, meaning that every single LIGA part produced needs to be measured, ensures quality control and customer satisfaction in this prototype production run. After a general visual inspection of the parts and an x-ray check for voids, high precision dimensional metrology tools are employed. The acquired data is analyzed using both in house and commercially available software. Examples of measurements illustrating these new metrology capabilities are presented throughout the report. These examples furthermore emphasize that thorough inspection of every final part is not only essential to characterize …
Date: March 1, 2004
Creator: Aigeldinger, Georg; Skala, Dawn M.; Ceremuga, Joseph T. & Mills, Bernice E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library

Reduction of U(VI) Complexes by Anthraquinone Disulfonate: Experiment and Molecular Modeling

Past studies demonstrate that complexation will limit abiotic and biotic U(VI) reduction rates and the overall extent of reduction. However, the underlying basis for this behavior is not understood and presently unpredictable across species and ligand structure. The central tenets of these investigations are: (1) reduction of U(VI) follows the electron-transfer (ET) mechanism developed by Marcus; (2) the ET rate is the rate-limiting step in U(VI) reduction and is the step that is most affected by complexation; and (3) Marcus theory can be used to unify the apparently disparate U(VI) reduction rate data and as a computational tool to construct a predictive relationship.
Date: March 17, 2004
Creator: Ainsworth, C. C.; Wang, Z.; Rosso, K. M.; Wagnon, K. & Fredrickson, J. K.
Object Type: Presentation
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Scientific Publications of Richard H. Dalitz, FRS (1925-2006) (open access)

The Scientific Publications of Richard H. Dalitz, FRS (1925-2006)

Professor Richard H. Dalitz passed away on January 13, 2006. He was almost 81 years old and his outstanding contributions are intimately connected to some of the major breakthroughs of the 20th century in particle and nuclear physics. These outstanding contributions go beyond the Dalitz Plot, Dalitz Pair and CDD poles that bear his name. He pioneered the theoretical study of strange baryon resonances, of baryon spectroscopy in the quark model, and of hypernuclei, to all of which he made lasting contributions. His formulation of the ''{theta} - {tau} puzzle'' led to the discovery that parity is not a symmetry of the weak interactions. A brief scientific evaluation of Dalitz's major contributions to particle and nuclear physics is hereby presented, followed by the first comprehensive list of his scientific publications, as assembled from several sources. The list is divided into two categories: the first, main part comprises Dalitz's research papers and reviews, including topics in the history of particle physics, biographies and reminescences; the second part lists book reviews, public lectures and obituaries authored by Dalitz, and books edited by him. This provides the first necessary step towards a more systematic research of the Dalitz heritage in modern physics.
Date: March 29, 2006
Creator: Aitchison, Ian J.R.; Close, Frank E.; Gal, Avraham & Millener, D.John
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Streamlined Energy-Savings Calculations for Heat-Island Reduction Strategies (open access)

Streamlined Energy-Savings Calculations for Heat-Island Reduction Strategies

We have developed summary tables (sorted by heating- and cooling-degree-days) to estimate the potential of Heat-Island Reduction (HIR) strategies (i.e., solar-reflective roofs, shade trees, reflective pavements, and urban vegetation) to reduce cooling-energy use in buildings. The tables provide estimates of savings for both direct effect (reducing heat gain through the building shell) and indirect effect (reducing the ambient air temperature). In this analysis, we considered three building types that offer the most savings potential : residences, offices, and retail stores. Each building type was characterized in detail by Pre-1980 (old) or 1980+ (new) construction vintage and with natural gas or electricity as heating fuel. We defined prototypical-building characteristics for each building type and simulated the effects of HIR strategies on building cooling and heating energy use and peak power demand using the DOE-2.1E model and weather data for about 240 locations in the U.S. A statistical analysis of previously completed simulations for five cities was used to estimate the indirect savings. Our simulations included the effect of (1) solar-reflective roofing material on building [direct effect], (2) placement of deciduous shade trees near south and west walls of building [direct effect], and (3) ambient cooling achieved by urban reforestation and reflective …
Date: March 15, 2003
Creator: Akbari, Hashem & Konopacki, Steven J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Non-Adiabatic Effects on Combustion Front Propagation in Porous Media: Multiplicity of Steady States (open access)

Non-Adiabatic Effects on Combustion Front Propagation in Porous Media: Multiplicity of Steady States

The sustained propagation of combustion fronts in porous media is a necessary condition for the success of an in situ combustion project for oil recovery. Compared to other recovery methods, in situ combustion involves the added complexity of exothermic reactions and temperature-dependent chemical kinetics. In the presence of heat losses, the possibility of ignition and extinction (quenching) exists. In this report, we address the properties of combustion fronts propagating at a constant velocity in the presence of heat losses.
Date: March 11, 2002
Creator: Akkutlu, I. Yucel & Yortsos, Yanis C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Dynamic Channel Assignment in IEEE 802.11 Networks (open access)

Dynamic Channel Assignment in IEEE 802.11 Networks

This paper discusses dynamic channel assignment in IEEE 802.11 networks.
Date: March 2007
Creator: Akl, Robert G. & Arepally, Anurag
Object Type: Paper
System: The UNT Digital Library
Mobility-Based CAC Algorithm for Arbitrary Call-Arrival Rates in CDMA Cellular Systems (open access)

Mobility-Based CAC Algorithm for Arbitrary Call-Arrival Rates in CDMA Cellular Systems

Article on a mobility-based CAC algorithm for arbitrary call-arrival rates in CDMA cellular systems.
Date: March 2005
Creator: Akl, Robert G.; Hegde, Manju V. & Naraghi-Pour, Mort
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Throughput Optimization in Multi-Cell CDMA Networks (open access)

Throughput Optimization in Multi-Cell CDMA Networks

In this paper, the authors investigate the performance of a multi-cell CDMA network by determining the maximum throughput that the network can archive for a given grade-of-service requirement, quality-of-service requirement, network topology and call arrival rate profile.
Date: March 2005
Creator: Akl, Robert G.; Naraghi-Pour, Mort & Hegde, Manju V.
Object Type: Paper
System: The UNT Digital Library
Effects of Interference on Capacity in Multi-Cell CDMA Networks (open access)

Effects of Interference on Capacity in Multi-Cell CDMA Networks

This article discusses the effects of interference on capacity in multi-cell CDMA networks.
Date: March 2005
Creator: Akl, Robert G.; Parvez, Asad & Nguyen, Son
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Chemical Depth Profiling from Neutron Reflectometry (open access)

Chemical Depth Profiling from Neutron Reflectometry

The material profile of a thin film can be analyzed by placing the film on a substrate and by sending a neutron beam onto it at various angles of incidence. Technically, the scattering length density of the film needs to be determined as a function of depth. A reflectometer is used to measure the amount of reflection (reflectivity) as a function of the angle of incidence. Mathematically, this is equivalent to sending the neutron beam onto the film at every energy but at a fixed angle of incidence. The film profile needs to be recovered from the measured reflectivity data. Unfortunately, the unique recovery is impossible, and many distinct unrelated profiles may correspond to the same reflectivity data. In our DOE/EPSCoR sponsored research, we have developed an analytical method to uniquely recover the profile of a thin film from the measured reflectivity data. We have shown that by taking reflectivity measurements with two different substrates, one can uniquely determine the film profile. Previously, it was known that one could uniquely recover the profile by taking reflectivity measurements with three different substrates, and our findings indicate that the same goal can be accomplished by using fewer measurements. At Mississippi State University …
Date: March 21, 2006
Creator: Aktosun, Tuncay
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Development of a Novel Catalyst for NO Decomposition (open access)

Development of a Novel Catalyst for NO Decomposition

Air pollution arising from the emission of nitrogen oxides as a result of combustion taking place in boilers, furnaces and engines, has increasingly been recognized as a problem. New methods to remove NO{sub x} emissions significantly and economically must be developed. The current technology for post-combustion removal of NO is the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO by ammonia or possibly by a hydrocarbon such as methane. The catalytic decomposition of NO to give N{sub 2} will be preferable to the SCR process because it will eliminate the costs and operating problems associated with the use of an external reducing species. The most promising decomposition catalysts are transition metal (especially copper)-exchanged zeolites, perovskites, and noble metals supported on metal oxides such as alumina, silica, and ceria. The main shortcoming of the noble metal reducible oxide (NMRO) catalysts is that they are prone to deactivation by oxygen. It has been reported that catalysts containing tin oxide show oxygen adsorption behavior that may involve hydroxyl groups attached to the tin oxide. This is different than that observed with other noble metal-metal oxide combinations, which have the oxygen adsorbing on the noble metal and subsequently spilling over to the metal oxide. This observation …
Date: March 31, 2005
Creator: Akyurtlu, Ates & Akyurtlu, Jale F
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Development of a Novel Catalyst for NO Decomposition (open access)

Development of a Novel Catalyst for NO Decomposition

Air pollution arising from the emission of nitrogen oxides as a result of combustion taking place in boilers, furnaces and engines, has increasingly been recognized as a problem. New methods to remove NOx emissions significantly and economically must be developed. The current technology for post-combustion removal of NO is the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO by ammonia or possibly by a hydrocarbon such as methane. The catalytic decomposition of NO to give N2 will be preferable to the SCR process because it will eliminate the costs and operating problems associated with the use of an external reducing species. The most promising decomposition catalysts are transition metal (especially copper)-exchanged zeolites, perovskites, and noble metals supported on metal oxides such as alumina, silica, and ceria. The main shortcoming of the noble metal reducible oxide (NMRO) catalysts is that they are prone to deactivation by oxygen. It has been reported that catalysts containing tin oxide show oxygen adsorption behavior that may involve hydroxyl groups attached to the tin oxide. This is different than that observed with other noble metal-metal oxide combinations, which have the oxygen adsorbing on the noble metal and subsequently spilling over to the metal oxide. This observation leads one …
Date: March 14, 2007
Creator: Akyurtlu, Ates & Akyurtlu, Jale F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Improved Biomass Utilization Through Remote Flow Sensing (open access)

Improved Biomass Utilization Through Remote Flow Sensing

The growth of the livestock industry provides a valuable source of affordable, sustainable, and renewable bioenergy, while also requiring the safe disposal of the large quantities of animal wastes (manure) generated at dairy, swine, and poultry farms. If these biomass resources are mishandled and underutilized, major environmental problems will be created, such as surface and ground water contamination, odors, dust, ammonia leaching, and methane emission. Anaerobic digestion of animal wastes, in which microorganisms break down organic materials in the absence of oxygen, is one of the most promising waste treatment technologies. This process produces biogas typically containing {approx}65% methane and {approx}35% carbon dioxide. The production of biogas through anaerobic digestion from animal wastes, landfills, and municipal waste water treatment plants represents a large source of renewable and sustainable bio-fuel. Such bio-fuel can be combusted directly, used in internal combustion engines, converted into methanol, or partially oxidized to produce synthesis gas (a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide) that can be converted to clean liquid fuels and chemicals via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Different design and mixing configurations of anaerobic digesters for treating cow manure have been utilized commercially and/or tested on a laboratory scale. These digesters include mechanically mixed, gas recirculation mixed, …
Date: March 26, 2007
Creator: Al-Dahhan, Muthanna; Varma, Rajneesh; Karim, Khursheed; Vesvikar, Mehul; Hoffman, Rebecca; Depaoli, David et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Sensor Acquisition for Water Utilities: A Survey and Technology List (open access)

Sensor Acquisition for Water Utilities: A Survey and Technology List

The early detection of the deliberate biological and chemical contamination of water distribution systems is a necessary capability for securing the nation's water supply. Current and emerging early-detection technology capabilities and shortcomings need to be identified and assessed to provide government agencies and water utilities with an improved methodology for assessing the value of installing these technologies. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has tasked a multi-laboratory team to evaluate current and future needs to protect the nation's water distribution infrastructure by supporting an objective evaluation of current and new technologies. The primary deliverables from this Operational Technology Demonstration (OTD) are the following: (1) establishment of an advisory board for review and approval of testing protocols, technology acquisition processes and recommendations for technology test and evaluation in laboratory and field settings; (2) development of a technology acquisition process; (3) creation of laboratory and field testing and evaluation capability; and (4) testing of candidate technologies for insertion into a water early warning system. The initial phase of this study involves the development of two separate but complementary strategies to be reviewed by the advisory board: (1) a technology acquisition strategy, and (2) a technology evaluation strategy. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and …
Date: March 7, 2005
Creator: Alai, M; Glascoe, L; Love, A; Johnson, M & Einfeld, W
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library