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Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Sites (open access)

Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Sites

Bioremediation has been widely applied in the restoration of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated. Parameters that may affect the rate and efficiency of biodegradation include temperature, moisture, salinity, nutrient availability, microbial species, and type and concentration of contaminants. Other factors can also affect the success of the bioremediation treatment of contaminants, such as climatic conditions, soil type, soil permeability, contaminant distribution and concentration, and drainage. Western Research Institute in conjunction with TechLink Environmental, Inc. and the U.S. Department of Energy conducted laboratory studies to evaluate major parameters that contribute to the bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated drill cuttings using land farming and to develop a biotreatment cell to expedite biodegradation of hydrocarbons. Physical characteristics such as soil texture, hydraulic conductivity, and water retention were determined for the petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil. Soil texture was determined to be loamy sand to sand, and high hydraulic conductivity and low water retention was observed. Temperature appeared to have the greatest influence on biodegradation rates where high temperatures (>50 C) favored biodegradation. High nitrogen content in the form of ammonium enhanced biodegradation as well did the presence of water near field water holding capacity. Urea was not a good source of nitrogen and has detrimental effects for bioremediation for …
Date: March 30, 2009
Creator: Fallgren, Paul
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Campaign Finance: Potential Legislative and Policy Issues for the 111th Congress (open access)

Campaign Finance: Potential Legislative and Policy Issues for the 111th Congress

This report provides an overview of selected campaign finance policy issues that have received legislative attention, or have otherwise been prominent, and which could receive attention during the 111th Congress.
Date: March 30, 2009
Creator: Garrett, R. Sam
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Defense Acquisitions: Assessments of Selected Weapon Programs (open access)

Defense Acquisitions: Assessments of Selected Weapon Programs

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "This is GAO's seventh annual assessment of selected Department of Defense (DOD) weapon programs. The report examines how well DOD is planning and executing its weapon acquisition programs, an area that has been on GAO's high-risk list since 1990. This year's report is in response to the mandate in the joint explanatory statement to the Consolidated Security, Disaster Assistance, and Continuing Appropriations Act, 2009. The report includes (1) an analysis of the overall performance of DOD's 2008 portfolio of 96 major defense acquisition programs and a comparison to the portfolio performance at two other points in time--5 years ago and 1 year ago; (2) an analysis of current cost and schedule outcomes and knowledge attained by key junctures in the acquisition process for a subset of 47 weapon programs--primarily in development--from the 2008 portfolio; (3) data on other factors that could impact program stability; and (4) an update on changes in DOD's acquisition policies. To conduct our assessment, GAO analyzed cost, schedule, and quantity data from DOD's Selected Acquisition Reports for the programs in DOD's 2003, 2007, and 2008 portfolios. GAO also collected data from program …
Date: March 30, 2009
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Defense Infrastructure: DOD Needs to Periodically Review Support Standards and Costs at Joint Bases and Better Inform Congress of Facility Sustainment Funding Uses (open access)

Defense Infrastructure: DOD Needs to Periodically Review Support Standards and Costs at Joint Bases and Better Inform Congress of Facility Sustainment Funding Uses

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The 2005 Defense Base Closure and Realignment Commission recommended that the Department of Defense (DOD) establish 12 joint bases by consolidating the management and support of 26 separate installations, potentially saving $2.3 billion over 20 years. In response to a direction from the House Armed Services Committee report accompanying the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2009, GAO evaluated DOD's (1) efforts and expected costs to deliver installation support at joint bases and (2) funding for facility sustainment, which includes the maintenance and repair activities necessary to keep facilities in good working order, at all installations. GAO compared new support standards with the current support levels, visited nine installations that will become four joint bases, and compared facility sustainment funding levels with requirements and goals."
Date: March 30, 2009
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Defined Benefit Pensions: Survey Results of the Nation's Largest Private Defined Benefit Plan Sponsors (open access)

Defined Benefit Pensions: Survey Results of the Nation's Largest Private Defined Benefit Plan Sponsors

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The number of private defined benefit (DB) pension plans, an important source of retirement income for millions of Americans, has declined substantially over the past two decades. For example, about 92,000 single-employer DB plans existed in 1990, compared to just under 29,000 single-employer plans today. Although this decline has been concentrated among smaller plans, there is a widespread concern that large DB plans covering many participants have modified, reduced, or otherwise frozen plan benefits in recent years. GAO was asked to examine (1) what changes employers have made to their pension and benefit offerings, including to their defined contribution (DC) plans and health offerings over the last 10 years or so, and (2) what changes employers might make with respect to their pensions in the future, and how these changes might be influenced by changes in pension law and other factors. To gather information about overall changes in pension and health benefit offerings, GAO asked 94 of the nation's largest DB plan sponsors to participate in a survey; 44 of these sponsors responded. These respondents represent about one-quarter of the total liabilities in the nation's single-employer …
Date: March 30, 2009
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Digital Surveillance: The Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (open access)

Digital Surveillance: The Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act

This report provides information about The Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act on Digital Surveillance. CALEA is intended to preserve the ability of law enforcement officials to conduct electronic surveillance effectively and efficiently.
Date: March 30, 2009
Creator: Figliola, Patricia Moloney
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Electrical Resistivity and Seismic Surveys at the Nevada Test Site, Nevada, April 2007 (open access)

Electrical Resistivity and Seismic Surveys at the Nevada Test Site, Nevada, April 2007

In April 2007, the USGS collected direct-current (DC) electrical resistivity data and shear- (S) and compressional- (P) wave seismic data to provide new detail of previously mapped, overlapping fault splays at two administrative areas in the Nevada Test Site (NTS). In NTS Area 7, we collected two-dimensional DC resistivity data along a transect crossing the Yucca Fault parallel to, and between, two transects along which resistivity data were collected in a previous study in 2006. In addition, we collected three-dimensional DC resistivity data in a grid that overlies part of the 2007 transect. The DC resistivity data show that the fault has a footwall that is more conductive than the hanging wall and an along-strike progression of the fault in a location where overlapping splays are present. Co-located with the northernmost of the two 2006 DC resistivity transects, we acquired S- and P-wave seismic data for both reflection and refraction processing. The S-wave data are corrupted by large amounts of converted (P-wave) energy likely due to the abundance of fractured caliche in the shallow subsurface. The P-wave data show minimal reflected energy, but they show clear refracted first arrivals. We have inverted these first arrival times to determine P-wave seismic …
Date: March 30, 2009
Creator: Haines, Seth S.; Burton, Bethany L.; Sweetkind, Donald S. & Asch, Theodore H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
[Email from Rich G. Bailey to Paul J. Tran] (open access)

[Email from Rich G. Bailey to Paul J. Tran]

Email from Rich G. Bailey to Paul J. Tran and the Board discussing new officers of Dallas Stonewall Young Democrats. There is a photograph of the new officers from left to right: Matt Burckhalter, Travis Gasper, Jennifer Allen, and Pennington Ingley.
Date: March 30, 2009
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Letter
System: The UNT Digital Library
Energy Security and Restoration Exercise Program/Best Practices and Information Sharing (open access)

Energy Security and Restoration Exercise Program/Best Practices and Information Sharing

The first year of this cooperative agreement focused on the following elements: curriculum development and presentation, curriculum maintenance, enhancements, and effectiveness, and smart card initiative. During the second year of this grant, with redirection from DOE, the IUOE modified its mission statement under the cooperative agreement. It states: 'The mission of the IUOE is to provide expertise to provide best practices, information sharing, and develop scenarios and conduct exercises ranging in size and complexity from table top to national level to prepare all stakeholders to protect and restore energy infrastructure should an event, terrorist or natural, occur'. The Program developed a number of products under this Cooperative Agreement. These products include: FOSTER (Facility Operations Safety Training Event Response) Curriculum and Training Models, Alternative Energy Supply - Generators Training Module, Liquefied Natural Gas Training Module, Education Program - Distributed Generations, Compendium of Resources and References, Energy Security and Restoration Training Manual, Manual of Situations and Scenarios Developed for Emergency Exercises, Manual of Best Practices/Lessons Learned for Energy Load Management, Training Plan, Strategic Information and Exercise Plan, National Certification Plan Report, and a Smart Card Project Report.
Date: March 30, 2009
Creator: McCabe, Barbara & Kovach, John
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Express-Star (Chickasha, Okla.), Ed. 1 Monday, March 30, 2009 (open access)

The Express-Star (Chickasha, Okla.), Ed. 1 Monday, March 30, 2009

Daily newspaper from Chickasha, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: March 30, 2009
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Federal Evacuation Policy: Issues for Congress (open access)

Federal Evacuation Policy: Issues for Congress

This report discusses federal evacuation policy and analyzes potential lessons learned from the evacuation of individuals from Hurricane Katrina. Several issue areas that might arise concerning potential lawmaking and oversight on evacuation policy are also highlighted. This report will be updated as significant legislative or administrative changes occur.
Date: March 30, 2009
Creator: Lindsay, Bruce R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Register, Volume 74, Number 59, March 30, 2009, Pages 13999-14456 (open access)

Federal Register, Volume 74, Number 59, March 30, 2009, Pages 13999-14456

Daily publication of the U.S. Office of the Federal Register contains rules and regulations, proposed legislation and rule changes, and other notices, including "Presidential proclamations and Executive Orders, Federal agency documents having general applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published by act of Congress, and other Federal agency documents of public interest" (p. ii). Table of Contents starts on page iii.
Date: March 30, 2009
Creator: United States. Office of the Federal Register.
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The UNT Digital Library
FINAL REPORT WIND POWER WARM SPRINGS RESERVATION TRIBAL LANDS DOE GRANT NUMBER DE-FG36-07GO17077 SUBMITTED BY WARM SPRINGS POWER & WATER ENTERPRISES A CORPORATE ENTITY OF THE CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF WARM SPRINGS WARM SPRINGS, OREGON (open access)

FINAL REPORT WIND POWER WARM SPRINGS RESERVATION TRIBAL LANDS DOE GRANT NUMBER DE-FG36-07GO17077 SUBMITTED BY WARM SPRINGS POWER & WATER ENTERPRISES A CORPORATE ENTITY OF THE CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF WARM SPRINGS WARM SPRINGS, OREGON

Wind Generation Feasibility Warm Springs Power and Water Enterprises (WSPWE) is a corporate entity owned by the Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation, located in central Oregon. The organization is responsible for managing electrical power generation facilities on tribal lands and, as part of its charter, has the responsibility to evaluate and develop renewable energy resources for the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs. WSPWE recently completed a multi-year-year wind resource assessment of tribal lands, beginning with the installation of wind monitoring towers on the Mutton Mountains site in 2003, and collection of on-site wind data is ongoing. The study identified the Mutton Mountain site on the northeastern edge of the reservation as a site with sufficient wind resources to support a commercial power project estimated to generate over 226,000 MWh per year. Initial estimates indicate that the first phase of the project would be approximately 79.5 MW of installed capacity. This Phase 2 study expands and builds on the previously conducted Phase 1 Wind Resource Assessment, dated June 30, 2007. In order to fully assess the economic benefits that may accrue to the Tribes through wind energy development at Mutton Mountain, a planning-level opinion of probable cost was performed …
Date: March 30, 2009
Creator: Manion, Jim; Lofting, Michael; Sando, Wil; Leslie, Emily & Goff, Randy
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
[Funeral Program for Levi J. Jackson, III, March 30, 2009] (open access)

[Funeral Program for Levi J. Jackson, III, March 30, 2009]

Funeral program for Dr. Levi J. Jackson, III, born September 6, 1946 and died March 24, 2009. The funeral was held March 30, 2009 at St. Paul United Methodist Church. Funeral arrangements were made through the Lewis Funeral Home and he was buried in Meadowlawn Memorial Park in San Antonio, Texas.
Date: March 30, 2009
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Pamphlet
System: The Portal to Texas History
Geochemical Study of Grab Samples Collected From BX Tank Farm Borehole C5989 (open access)

Geochemical Study of Grab Samples Collected From BX Tank Farm Borehole C5989

This is an analytical data report for sediments received from BX Tank Farm.
Date: March 30, 2009
Creator: Lindberg, Michael J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Global War on Terrorism: Reported Obligations for the Department of Defense (open access)

Global War on Terrorism: Reported Obligations for the Department of Defense

Correspondence issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Since 2001, Congress has provided the Department of Defense (DOD) with about $808 billion in supplemental and annual appropriations, as of March 2009, primarily for military operations in support of the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT). DOD's reported annual obligations for GWOT have shown a steady increase from about $0.2 billion in fiscal year 2001 to about $162.4 billion in fiscal year 2008. For fiscal year 2009, Congress provided DOD with about $65.9 billion in supplemental appropriations for GWOT as of March 2009 and the President plans on requesting an additional $75.5 billion in supplemental appropriations for GWOT for the remainder of the fiscal year. A total of $31.0 billion has been obligated in the first quarter of fiscal year 2009 through December 2008. The United States' commitments to GWOT will likely involve the continued investment of significant resources, requiring decision makers to consider difficult trade-offs as the nation faces an increasing long-range fiscal challenge. The magnitude of future costs will depend on several direct and indirect cost variables and, in some cases, decisions that have not yet been made. DOD's future costs will likely be affected by …
Date: March 30, 2009
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Health Physics Enrollments and Degrees Survey, 2008 Data (open access)

Health Physics Enrollments and Degrees Survey, 2008 Data

The survey includes degrees granted between September 1, 2007 and August 31, 2008. Enrollment information refers to the fall term 2008. Twenty-six academic programs were included in the survey universe, and all 26 programs provided data.
Date: March 30, 2009
Creator: Analysis and Evaluation, Science Education Programs
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
House Committee Party Ratios: 98th-111th Congresses (open access)

House Committee Party Ratios: 98th-111th Congresses

This report provides statistical information on and selected analyses of the House committee party ratios for 14 Congresses, covering the period from the 98th through the 111th Congresses.
Date: March 30, 2009
Creator: Tong, Lorraine H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
India Energy Outlook: End Use Demand in India to 2020 (open access)

India Energy Outlook: End Use Demand in India to 2020

Integrated economic models have been used to project both baseline and mitigation greenhouse gas emissions scenarios at the country and the global level. Results of these scenarios are typically presented at the sectoral level such as industry, transport, and buildings without further disaggregation. Recently, a keen interest has emerged on constructing bottom up scenarios where technical energy saving potentials can be displayed in detail (IEA, 2006b; IPCC, 2007; McKinsey, 2007). Analysts interested in particular technologies and policies, require detailed information to understand specific mitigation options in relation to business-as-usual trends. However, the limit of information available for developing countries often poses a problem. In this report, we have focus on analyzing energy use in India in greater detail. Results shown for the residential and transport sectors are taken from a previous report (de la Rue du Can, 2008). A complete picture of energy use with disaggregated levels is drawn to understand how energy is used in India and to offer the possibility to put in perspective the different sources of end use energy consumption. For each sector, drivers of energy and technology are indentified. Trends are then analyzed and used to project future growth. Results of this report provide valuable …
Date: March 30, 2009
Creator: de la Rue du Can, Stephane; McNeil, Michael & Sathaye, Jayant
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
International Population Assistance and Family Planning Programs: Issues for Congress (open access)

International Population Assistance and Family Planning Programs: Issues for Congress

This report discusses the U.S. population assistance issues, policy issues in the U.S. family planning debate, and U.S. funding levels.
Date: March 30, 2009
Creator: Blanchfield, Luisa
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Ion Uptake Determination of Dendrochronologically-Dated Trees Using Neutron Activation Analysis (open access)

Ion Uptake Determination of Dendrochronologically-Dated Trees Using Neutron Activation Analysis

Uptake of metal ions by plan roots is a function of the type and concentration of metal in the soil, the nutrient biochemistry of the plant, and the immediate environment of the root. Uptake of gold (Au) is known to be sensitive to soil pH for many species. Soil acidification due to acid precipitation following volcanic eruptions can dramatically increase Au uptake by trees. Identification of high Au content in tree rings in dendrochronologically-dated, overlapping sequences of trees allows the identification of temporally-conscribed, volcanically-influenced periods of environmental change. Ion uptake, specifically determination of trace amounts of gold, was performed for dendrochronologically-dated tree samples utilizing Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) technique. The concentration of gold was correlated with known enviironmental changes, e.g. volcanic activities, during historic periods.
Date: March 30, 2009
Creator: Unlu, Kenan; Kuniholm, P. I.; Schwarz, D. K. H.; Cetiner, N. O. & Chiment, J. J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Looking for Darwin's footprints in the microbial world (open access)

Looking for Darwin's footprints in the microbial world

As we observe the 200th anniversary of Charles Darwin's birthday, microbiologists interested in the application of Darwin's ideas to the microscopic world have a lot to celebrate: an emerging picture of the (mostly microbial) Tree of Life at ever-increasing resolution, an understanding of horizontal gene transfer as a driving force in the evolution of microbes, and thousands of complete genome sequences to help formulate and refine our theories. At the same time, quantitative models of the microevolutionary processes shaping microbial populations remain just out of reach, a point that is perhaps most dramatically illustrated by the lack of consensus on how (or even whether) to define bacterial species. We summarize progress and prospects in bacterial population genetics, with an emphasis on detecting the footprint of positive Darwinian selection in microbial genomes.
Date: March 30, 2009
Creator: Shapiro, B. Jesse; David, Lawrence A.; Friedman, Jonathan & Alm, Eric J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Low Temperature Combustion with Thermo-Chemical Recuperation to Maximize In-Use Engine Efficiency (open access)

Low Temperature Combustion with Thermo-Chemical Recuperation to Maximize In-Use Engine Efficiency

The key to overcome Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) load range limitations in reciprocating engines is based on proper control over the thermo-chemical properties of the in-cylinder charge. The studied alternative to achieve the required control of LTC is the use of two separate fuel streams to regulate timing and heat release at specific operational points, where the secondary fuel is a reformed product of the primary fuel in the tank. It is proposed in this report that the secondary fuel can be produced using exhaust heat and Thermo-Chemical Recuperation (TCR). TCR for reciprocating engines is a system that employs high efficiency recovery of sensible heat from engine exhaust gas and uses this energy to transform fuel composition. The recuperated sensible heat is returned to the engine as chemical energy. Chemical conversions are accomplished through catalytic and endothermic reactions in a specially designed reforming reactor. An equilibrium model developed by Gas Technology Institute (GTI) for heptane steam reforming was applied to estimate reformed fuel composition at different reforming temperatures. Laboratory results, at a steam/heptane mole ratio less than 2:1, confirm that low temperature reforming reactions, in the range of 550 K to 650 K, can produce 10-30% hydrogen (by volume, wet) …
Date: March 30, 2009
Creator: Clark, Nigel N.; Posada, Francisco; Bedick, Clinton; Pratapas, John; Kozlov, Aleksandr; Linck, Martin et al.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Melt spreading code assessment, modifications, and application to the EPR core catcher design. (open access)

Melt spreading code assessment, modifications, and application to the EPR core catcher design.

The Evolutionary Power Reactor (EPR) is under consideration by various utilities in the United States to provide base load electrical production, and as a result the design is undergoing a certification review by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). The severe accident design philosophy for this reactor is based upon the fact that the projected power rating results in a narrow margin for in-vessel melt retention by external cooling of the reactor vessel. As a result, the design addresses ex-vessel core melt stabilization using a mitigation strategy that includes: (1) an external core melt retention system to temporarily hold core melt released from the vessel; (2) a layer of 'sacrificial' material that is admixed with the melt while in the core melt retention system; (3) a melt plug in the lower part of the retention system that, when failed, provides a pathway for the mixture to spread to a large core spreading chamber; and finally, (4) cooling and stabilization of the spread melt by controlled top and bottom flooding. The overall concept is illustrated in Figure 1.1. The melt spreading process relies heavily on inertial flow of a low-viscosity admixed melt to a segmented spreading chamber, and assumes that the …
Date: March 30, 2009
Creator: Farmer, M. T.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library