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Analysis of flow data from the DOW/DOE L. R. Sweezy No. 1 well
This topical report presents the results of work to-date on the analysis and simulation of flow and pressure data from the testing of the L.R. Sweezy No. 1 well. Analysis of drawdown data indicates a formation permeability of around 126 md, and a flow-rate dependent skin. The conventional analysis techniques were, however, found to be inadequate for analyzing the buildup data. The formation properties inferred from the drawdown were used together with the CHARGR simulator to simulate the production history of the Sweezy well. The calculated drawdown response displays excellent agreement with the measured data; such agreement was, however, not obtained for the buildup phase of the tests. Parametric calculations designed to investigate the anomalous buildup response suggest that this behavior may be the result of stress-induced hysteresis in formation properties, shale recharge, and long-term formation creep. A research program to further characterize the observed pressure response is outlined.
Date:
March 1, 1984
Creator:
Garg, S. K. & Riney, T. D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Introduction to human factors
Some background is given on the field of human factors. The nature of problems with current human/computer interfaces is discussed, some costs are identified, ideal attributes of graceful system interfaces are outlined, and some reasons are indicated why it's not easy to fix the problems. (LEW)
Date:
March 1, 1988
Creator:
Winters, J. M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Opportunities to increase the productivity of spent fuel shipping casks in the United States
Trends indicate that future transportation requirements for spent fuel will be different from those anticipated when the current generation of casks and vehicles was designed. Increased storage capacity at most reactors will increase the average post irradiation age of the spent fuel to be transported. A scenario is presented which shows the 18 casks currently available should be sufficient until approximately 1983. Beyond this time, it appears that an adequate transportation system can be maintained by acquiring, as needed, casks of current designs and new casks currently under development. Spent fuel transportation requirements in the post-1990 period can be met by a new generation of casks specifically designed to transport long-cooled fuel. In terms of the number of casks needed, productivity may be increased by 19% if rail cask turnaround time is reduced to 4 days from the current range of 6.5 to 8.5 days. Productivity defined as payloads per cask year could be increased 62% if the turnaround time for legal weight truck casks were reduced from 12 hours to 4 hours. On a similar basis, overweight truck casks show a 28% increase in productivity.
Date:
March 1, 1980
Creator:
Winsor, G. H.; Faletti, D. W. & DeSteese, J. G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A study of low Q/sup 2/ radiative Bhabha scattering
This thesis presents a study of electron-positron scattering, via nearly real photon exchange, where in the process one or more high energy photons are produced. The motivations behind the work are twofold. Firstly, the study is a sensitive test of the theory of electron-photon interactions, quantum electrodynamics. A deviation from the theory could indicate that the electron is a composite particle. Secondly, a thorough understanding of this process is necessary for experiments to be done in the near future at the Stanford Linear Collider and the LEP facility at CERN. Calculations for the process to third and fourth order in pertubation theory are described. Methods for simulating the process by a Monte Carlo event generator are given. Results from the calculations are compared to data from the Mark II experiment at the PEP storage ring. The ratio of measured to calculated cross sections are 0.993 /+-/ 0.017 /+-/ 0.015 and 0.99 /+-/ 0.16 /+-/ 0.08 for final states with one and two observed photons respectively, where the first errors are statistical and the second systematic. The excellent agreement verifies the calculations of the fourth order radiative correction. No evidence for electron substructure is observed.
Date:
March 1, 1988
Creator:
Karlen, D.A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geology of the central Mineral Mountains, Beaver County, Utah
The Mineral Mountains are located in Beaver and Millard Counties, southwestern Utah. The range is a horst located in the transition zone between the Basin and Range and Colorado Plateau geologic provinces. A multiple-phase Tertiary pluton forms most of the range, with Paleozoic rocks exposed on the north and south and Precambrian metamorphic rocks on the west in the Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA (Known Geothermal Resource Area). Precambrian banded gneiss and Cambrian carbonate rocks have been intruded by foliated granodioritic to monzonitic rocks of uncertain age. The Tertiary pluton consists of six major phases of quartz monzonitic to leucocratic granitic rocks, two diorite stocks, and several more mafic units that form dikes. During uplift of the mountain block, overlying rocks and the upper part of the pluton were partially removed by denudation faulting to the west. The interplay of these low-angle faults and younger northerly trending Basin and Range faults is responsible for the structural control of the Roosevelt Hot Springs geothermal system. The structural complexity of the Roosevelt Hot Springs KGRA is unique within the range, although the same tectonic style continues throughout the range. During the Quaternary, rhyolite volcanism was active in the central part of the range …
Date:
March 1, 1980
Creator:
Sibbett, B.S. & Nielson, D.L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Investigation of mechanically hard, chemically inert antireflection coatings for photovoltaic solar modules. Final technical report, April 1, 1980-March 31, 1981
The overall objective of this program is to determine the optical properties of i-Carbon (diamond-like) films and determine if these films can be developed into antireflecting (AR) coatings for silicon solar cells. The i-C films have been produced on glass, silicon, and KCl by radio frequency (RF) plasma decomposition of the alkane gases. Films were also produced on silicon solar cells by low-energy ion beam techniques. These coatings did not perform as well as those made from hydrocarbon gases. Significant progress has been made in understanding the deposition parameters that affect the optical properties of the films. The optical constants n and k have been determined over a large range of process parameters and source gas. The degree of hydrogen incorporation in these films has been studied by SIMS analysis. It was found that the lower optically absorbing films contain more hydrogen. This hydrogen does not, however, manifest itself in fundamental C-H absorption bands in the infrared. Very efficient single-layer quarter-wave i-C AR coatings have been produced on single-crystal and SOC Si solar cells. An increase in cell efficiency of 40% over uncoated cells has been achieved.
Date:
March 31, 1981
Creator:
Moravec, T.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Community heat-pump system, Klamath County, Oregon
The possibility of heating 47 proposed homes on a new development site using ground water source heat pumps is discussed. The Shield Crest tract is located approximately five miles southeast of downtown Klamath Falls, Oregon. Two moderate capacity (greater than 450 gpm) warm water wells are located on the property. The pumping temperatures are 78/sup 0/F for No. 2 Well, neither temperature is hot enough for direct space heating. Temperature profiles of the wells indicate that a temperature hot enough for direct heating (about 110/sup 0/F or above) cannot be found at reasonable depth. Since direct geothermal heating is not a practical alternative, the tract will be all-electric since this is the only energy source in the area. This study addresses the economic feasibility of a community heat pump system that would reduce the amount of electrical energy required to service the homes.
Date:
March 1, 1982
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Comparison of aerosol behavior during sodium fires in CSTF with the HAA-3B code. [LMFBR]
Four large-scale tests using sodium fire aerosol sources have been carried out in the Containment System Test Facility (CSTF). Two of the tests employed pool fires and two used spray fires as the aerosol source. Because the CSTF containment vessel is approximately half-scale (20.3 m in height) of a typical reactor building, the CSTF results have provided a large-scale proof test of the HAA-3B Code. For the two pool fire tests, the measured and predicted airborne concentrations were in good agreement when the aerosol source term was based on post-test measurements of aerosol formation, accounting for water vapor uptake.
Date:
March 1, 1980
Creator:
Postma, A.K. & Owen, R.K.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Basic data report for drillhole WIPP 19 (Waste Isolation Pilot Plant-WIPP)
WIPP 19 is an exploratory borehole whose objective was to determine the nature of the near-surface formations after seismic information indicated a possible fault. The borehole is located in section 20, T.22S., R.31E., in eastern Eddy County, New Mexico, and was drilled between April 6 and May 4, 1978. The hole was drilled to a depth of 1038.2 feet and encountered, from top to bottom, surficial Holocene deposits (7', including artificial fill for drill pad), the Mescalero caliche (7'), the Santa Rosa Sandstone (82'), the Dewey Lake Red Beds (494'), the Rustler Formation (315'), and the upper portion of the Salado Formation (143'). Cuttings were collected at 10-foot intervals. A suite of geophysical logs was run to measure acoustic velocities, density, and radioactivity. On the basis of comparison with other geologic sections drilled in the area, the WIPP 19 section is a normal stratigraphic sequence and it does not show structural disruption. The WIPP is to demonstrate (through limited operations) disposal technology for transuranic defense wastes. The WIPP will also provide facilities to research interactions between high-level waste and salt.
Date:
March 1, 1980
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Environmental assessment of the potential effects of aquifer thermal energy storage systems on microorganisms in groundwater
The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the potential environmental effects (both adverse and beneficials) of aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) technology pertaining to microbial communities indigenous to subsurface environments (i.e., aquifers) and the propagation, movement, and potential release of pathogenic microorganisms (specifically, Legionella) within ATES systems. Seasonal storage of thermal energy in aquifers shows great promise to reduce peak demand; reduce electric utility load problems; contribute to establishing favorable economics for district heating and cooling systems; and reduce pollution from extraction, refining, and combustion of fossil fuels. However, concerns that the widespread implementation of this technology may have adverse effects on biological systems indigeneous to aquifers, as well as help to propagate and release pathogenic organisms that enter thee environments need to be resolved. 101 refs., 2 tabs.
Date:
March 1, 1988
Creator:
Hicks, R. J. & Stewart, D. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Assessing waste management systems using reginalt software
A method for assessing management systems for low-level radioactive waste is being developed for US Department of Energy. The method is based on benefit-cost-risk analysis. Waste management is broken down into its component steps, which are generation, treatment, packaging, storage, transportation, and disposal. Several different alternatives available for each waste management step are described. A particular waste management system consists of a feasible combination of alternatives for each step. Selecting an optimal waste management system would generally proceed as follows: (1) qualitative considerations are used to narrow down the choice of waste management system alternatives to a manageable number; (2) the costs and risks for each of these system alternatives are evaluated; (3) the number of alternatives is further reduced by eliminating alternatives with similar risks but higher costs, or those with similar costs but higher risks; (4) a trade-off factor between cost and risk is chosen and used to compute the objective function (sum of the cost and risk); and (5) the selection of the optimal waste management system among the remaining alternatives is made by choosing the alternative with the smallest value for the objective function. The authors propose that the REGINALT software system, developed by EG and …
Date:
March 1, 1988
Creator:
Meshkov, N. K.; Camasta, S. F. & Gilbert, T. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Bird associations with shrubsteppe plant communities at the proposed reference repository location in southeastern Washington
This report provides information on te seasonal use of shrubsteppe vegetation by bird species at the RRL. Bird abundance and distribution were studied at the RRL to ensure that the DOE monitored migratory bird species pursuant to the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and to assess potential impacts of site characterization activities on bird populations. Birds were counted on two transects that together sampled an areas of 1.39 km/sup 2/. The relative abundance of birds, species richness, seasonal distribution, and the association of breeding shrubsteppe birds with major vegetation types were determined from Janurary through December 1987. Only 38 species were counted during 82 surveys. Total bird density during the nesting season (March-June) was 42.96 birdskm/sup 2/ and the density for the entire year was 26.74 birdskm/sup 2/. The characteristic nesting birds in shrubsteppe habitats were western meadowlark, sage sparrow, burrowing owl, mourning dove, horned lark, long-billed curlew, lark sparrow, and loggerhead shrike. Western meadowlark and sage sparrows were the most abundant breeding birds with an average density of 11.25 and 7.76 birdskm/sup 2/, respectively. Seasonal distribution of birds varied with species, but most species were present from March to September. Distribution and abunandance of nesting birds were correlated with habitat …
Date:
March 1, 1988
Creator:
Schuler, C. A.; Rickard, W. H. & Sargeant, G. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Bibliography: injection technology applicable to geothermal utilization
This bibliography cites 500 documents that may be helpful in planning, analysis, research, and development of the various aspects of injection technology in geothermal applications. These documents include results from government research; development, demonstration, and commercialization programs; selected references from the literature; symposia; references from various technical societies and installations; reference books; reviews; and other selected material. The cited references are from (1) subject searching, using indexing, storage, and retrieval information data base of the Department of Energy's Technical Information Center's on-line retrieval system, RECON; (2) searches of references from the RECON data base, of work by authors known to be active in the field of geothermal energy research and development; (3) subject and author searches by the computerized data storage and retrieval system of Chemical Abstracts, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC; and (4) selected references from texts and reviews on this subject. Each citation includes title, author, author affiliation, date of publication, and source. The citations are listed in chronological order (most recent first) in each of the subject categories for which this search was made. The RECON accession number is also given.
Date:
March 19, 1982
Creator:
Darnell, A. J. & Eichelberger, R. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Breakdown phenomena in high power klystrons
In the course of developing new high peak power klystrons at SLAC, high electric fields in several regions of these devices have become an important source of vacuum breakdown phenomena. In addition, a renewed interest in breakdown phenomena for nanosecond pulse, multi-megavolt per centimeter fields has been sparked by recent R and D work in the area of gigawatt RF sources. The most important regions of electrical breakdown are in the output cavity gap area, the RF ceramic windows, and the gun ceramic insulator. The details of the observed breakdown in these regions, experiments performed to understand the phenomena and solutions found to alleviate the problems will be discussed. Recently experiments have been performed on a new prototype R and D klystron. Peak electric fields across the output cavity gaps of this klystron exceed 2 MV/cm. The effect of peak field duration (i.e. pulse width) on the onset of breakdown have been measured. The pulse widths varied from tens of nanoseconds to microseconds. Results from these experiments will be presented. The failure of ceramic RF windows due to multipactor and puncturing was an important problem to overcome in order that our high power klystrons would have a useful life expectancy. …
Date:
March 1, 1988
Creator:
Vlieks, A. E.; Allen, M. A.; Callin, R. S.; Fowkes, W. R.; Hoyt, E. W.; Lebacqz, J. V. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Costs to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions
Central to the resolution of the acid rain issue are debates about the costs and benefits of controlling man-made emissions of chemicals that may cause acid rain. In this briefing, the position of those who are calling for immediate action and implicating coal-fired powerplants as the cause of the problem is examined. The costs of controlling sulfur dioxide emissions using alternative control methods available today are presented. No attempt is made to calculate the benefits of reducing these emissions since insufficient information is available to provide even a rough estimate. Information is presented in two steps. First, costs are presented as obtained through straightforward calculations based upon simplifying but realistic assumptions. Next, the costs of sulfur dioxide control obtained through several large-scale analyses are presented, and these results are compared with those obtained through the first method.
Date:
March 1, 1982
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Thermochemical water-splitting cycle, bench-scale investigations and process engineering. Annual report, October 1, 1978-September 30, 1979
A program to investigate thermochemical water splitting has been under way at General Atomic Company (GA) since October 1972. This document is an annual progress report of Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored process development work on the GA sulfur-iodine thermochemical water splitting cycle. The work consisted of laboratory bench-scale investigations, demonstration of the process in a closed-loop cycle demonstrator, and process engineering design studies. A bench-scale system, consisting of three subunits, has been designed to study the cycle under continuous flow conditions. The designs of subunit I, which models the main solution reaction and product separation, and subunit II, which models the concentration and decomposition of sulfuric acid, were presented in an earlier annual report. The design of subunit III, which models the purification and decomposition of hydrogen iodide, is given in this report. Progress on the installation and operation of subunits I and II is described. A closed-loop cycle demonstrator was installed and operated based on a DOE request. Operation of the GA sulfur-iodine cycle was demonstrated in this system under recycle conditions. The process engineering addresses the flowsheet design of a large-scale production process consisting of four chemical sections (I through IV) and one helium heat supply section …
Date:
March 1980
Creator:
Caprioglio, G.; McCorkle, K. H.; Besenbruch, G. E. & Rode, J. S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Natural repository analogue program. Progress report, July 1-September 30, 1981
A report on the immobilization of uranium in the earth's crust has been completed. Techniques have been developed to do a comprehensive mass inventory of the Oklo reactor zones. These techniques were applied to a compilation of data from Oklo zones 2 and 3-4. The study shows large deficiencies of neodymium, ruthenium, and mass 99 elements (/sup 99/Tc or /sup 99/Ru) in the reactor zones. The extent of these deficiencies are correlated with the intensity of the nuclear reactions. Analyses of ores from the Key Lake uranium mineralization show that 60 to 70% of the radiogenic lead is missing from the ores.
Date:
March 1, 1982
Creator:
Curtis, D.B. (comp.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measurement and effect of the critical gas saturation and relative permeability on the production of methane from geopressured aquifers of saturated brine
The attempt to measure critical gas saturation at pressures in the range of 5000 to 10,000 psi failed. It proved impossible, with the funds and time available, to conclude a successful suite of experiments. The problem was centered on the inability to maintain adequate seals on the end plates of the apparatus. Numerical simulation confirmed that the level of critical gas saturation required for methane to be produced profitably from geopressured aquifers was unrealistically high. Most of the water driven geopressured gas reservoirs located through a study of the USGS files revealed that there is in general an inadequate level of available data on them. Furthermore, the size of these reservoirs were in general so small that their total gas content would not merit any significant expenditure to win the residual, trapped gas.
Date:
March 1, 1982
Creator:
Doscher, T.M.; Azari, M. & Marinello, S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Feasibility of perfluorocarbon tracers (PFTs) in atmospheric source-receptor experiments
A brief description of the perfluorocarbon tracer (PFT) system, which includes the tracers and the release equipment, the air samplers and the analyzers, is presented along with details on the research needs to provide a viable system for MATEX-scenario experiments. The present family of 2 viable PFTs needs to be increased to 5 to 6. Given the present precision of the analysis system, a one year long tracer experiment consisting of 4 hour releases every 60 hours from 5 different sites would require nearly 150 metric tons of PFTs at a cost of $15,000,000. Shortcomings in the programmable sampler include the pump, the sampling sequence control flexibility, data storage and retrieval, and the lack of remote communication capability; sampler adsorbent studies are also needed. The analytical system, including the catalyst processing bed, the chromatography column resolution, and the linearity of the detector, is in need of significant improvement. A higher resolution analysis system could significantly reduce analysis time but, more importantly, reduce tracer requirements more than 10-fold, for a cost savings potential of more than $13,000,000. A model is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of tracer material balances. Assessment of earlier long-range tracer experiments indicates the need for possibly 400 …
Date:
March 1, 1984
Creator:
Dietz, R. N. & Senum, G. I.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Simmer analysis of prompt burst energetics experiments
The Prompt Burst Energetics experiments are designed to measure the pressure behavior of fuel and coolant as working fluids during a hypothetical prompt burst disassembly in an LMFBR. The work presented in this report consists of a parametric study of PBE-5S, a fresh oxide fuel experiment, using SIMMER-II. The various pressure sources in the experiment are examined, and the dominant source identified as incondensable contaminant gasses in the fuel. The important modeling uncertainties and limitations of SIMMER-II as applied to these experiments are discussed.
Date:
March 1, 1982
Creator:
Hitchcock, J.T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ion-temperature-gradient instability in toroidal plasmas
The stability of the ion-temperature-gradient mode in a toroidal plasma is investigated. Using the ballooning-mode formalism, an ordinary difference-differential equation is derived which includes full kinetic effects. The equation is, then, examined in various limits where it reduces to an ordinary differential equation. Analytic and computational studies show that, for eta/sub i/ identical with d lnT/sub i//d lnn > 1, toroidal effects further destabilize the mode and, hence, the corresponding growth rates exceed those obtained from the slab calculations. However, it is also found that toroidal effects give rise to higher eta/sub i/ threshold compared to the slab case. Extensive numerical calculations over a wide range of parameters are carried out to delineate the regions of instability. It is concluded that the eta/sub i/ instability is of relevance to present-day beam heated tokamaks.
Date:
March 1, 1980
Creator:
Guzdar, P.N.; Chen, L.; Tang, W.M. & Rutherford, P.H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Self-potential modeling from primary flows
A new method for the calculation of self potentials (SP) based on induced current sources is presented. The induced current sources are due to divergences of the convective current which is driven, in turn, by a primary flow, either heat or fluid. Numerical modeling utilizing this method has been implemented using a two-dimensional transmission surface algorithm. When the primary flow is driven by the gradient of a potential, joint modeling of the primary flow and the resultant SP is possible with this algorithm. Examples of simple geometrical models in the presence of point sources for the primary flow are presented and discussed. Lastly, a field example of the joint modeling of temperature and SP data is illustrated with data from Red Hill Hot Spring, Utah.
Date:
March 1, 1981
Creator:
Sill, W.R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Single atom sputtering events: direct observation of near-surface depleted zones in ion-irradiated tungsten
The three-dimensional spatial arrangement of vacancies contained in depleted zones (DZs), of ion-irradiated tungsten specimens, was determined with atomic resolution by the field-ion microscope (FIM) technique. These DZs were detected in the near-surface region of specimens which had been irradiated in situ at less than or equal to15 K with 20 keV W/sup +/, 30 keV W/sup +/, Kr/sup +/, Cu/sup +/, or Ar/sup +/ ions. The values of the ion dose employed were small (less than or equal to 10/sup 13/ ions cm/sup -2/); therefore, each DZ analyzed was the result of the impact of a single projectile ion. At the irradiation temperature (less than or equal to 15/sup 0/K) both the self-intersitital atoms and vacancies were immobile, so that the primary state of radiation damage was preserved. The following properties of each DZ were determined: the total number of vacancies; the number of vacancies in the near-surface region; the spatial extent - that is, the dimensions required to determine a volume; the average vacancy concentration; the average vacancy concentration associated with the non-surface region; the first-nearest neighbor cluster distribution for the vacancies in the near-surface region; the radial distribution function of all the vacancies; the distribution of vacancies …
Date:
March 1, 1980
Creator:
Current, M. I.; Wei, C. Y. & Seidman, D. N.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Comprehensive Safeguards Evaluation Methods and Societal Risk Analysis
Essential capabilities of an integrated evaluation methodology for analyzing safeguards systems are discussed. Such a methodology must be conceptually meaningful, technically defensible, discriminating and consistent. A decompostion of safeguards systems by function is mentioned as a possible starting point for methodology development. The application of a societal risk equation to safeguards systems analysis is addressed. Conceptual problems with this approach are discussed. Technical difficulties in applying this equation to safeguards systems are illustrated through the use of confidence intervals, information content, hypothesis testing and ranking and selection procedures.
Date:
March 1, 1982
Creator:
Richardson, J. M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library