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Agricultural Research, Education, Extension and Economics Programs: A Primer
The 105th Congress is undertaking a thorough review of federal laws and policies affecting the nationwide system of federal and state agricultural research laboratories and agencies, the land grant Colleges of Agriculture and related schools of forestry and veterinary medicine, and the continuing education programs of the Cooperative Extension System. In preparation for hearings and subsequent debate on these subjects, this report provides an overview of all the components of the system, its major programs, and its funding.
Date:
March 4, 1997
Creator:
Rawson, Jean M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Balanced Budget Constitutional Amendment: Background and Congressional Options
One of the most persistent political issues facing Congress in recent years is whether to require that the budget of the United States be in balance. Although a balanced federal budget has long been held as a political ideal, the accumulation of large deficits in recent years has heightened concern that some action to require a balance between revenues and expenditures may be necessary. The debate over a balanced budget measure actually consists of several interrelated debates, which this report addresses.
Date:
March 20, 1997
Creator:
Saturno, James V.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Abandoned Mine Land Fund: Grants Distribution and Issues
The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA, P.L. 95-87), enacted in 1977, established reclamation standards for all coal surface mining operations, and for the surface effects of underground mining. It also established the Abandoned Mine Land (AML) program to promote the reclamation of sites mined and abandoned prior to the enactment of SMCRA. To finance reclamation of abandoned mine sites, the legislation established fees on coal production. These collections are divided into federal and state shares; subject to annual appropriation, AML funds are distributed annually to states with approved reclamation programs. This report describes the distribution of these funds and the various issues that arise from said distribution.
Date:
March 26, 1997
Creator:
Bamberger, Robert L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Tax Treatment of Alternative Transportation Fuels
Historically, federal energy policy, including energy tax policy, promoted the development of oil and gas at the expense of alternative fuels and nonconventional forms of energy. Beginning in the 1970s, there was a shift in the focus of energy tax policy away from oil and gas toward energy conservation and toward the development of alternative fuels and nonconventional forms of energy.
Date:
March 19, 1997
Creator:
Lazzari, Salvatore
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Transportation Fuel Taxes Early in the 105th Congress
The 105th Congress has reinstated for about half a year the federal excise taxes on fuel used by noncommercial aviation. This follows a similar move by the 104th Congress on aviation fuel taxes, and actions pertaining to the tax on diesel fuel used in recreational motorboats, and to the fuel tax credits given to first purchasers of diesel-powered cars and light trucks. The 104th Congress also debated repeal of the increase of 4.3 cents per gallon in transportation fuel taxes imposed by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 (OBRA93) (P.L. 103-66), but no new law resulted.
Date:
March 17, 1997
Creator:
Gelb, Bernard A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
DOE Laboratory Restructuring Legislation in the 104th Congress
Interest in restructuring (including eliminating) the Department of Energy (DOE) and its laboratories has increased since the end of the Cold War, and especially since the beginning of the 104th Congress. A number of non-legislative proposals and activities to this end are reviewed, including DOE's own proposals for "alignment and downsizing" of the Department and its laboratories.
Date:
March 14, 1997
Creator:
Boesman, William C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Superfund Fact Book
The Superfund program is the principal federal effort for cleaning up inactive hazardous waste sites and protecting public health and the environment from releases of hazardous substances. The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) established the program, and the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) amended it. This report is a compendium of data and other pertinent information about CERCIA and the Superfund program, followed by a glossary.
Date:
March 3, 1997
Creator:
Reisch, Mark & Bearden, David M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Excise Taxes on Alcohol, Tobacco, and Gasoline: History and Inflation Adjusted Rates
This report provides inflation adjusted excise tax rates for alcohol, tobacco, and gasoline products. The base for computation is November 1951; the adjustments show what the tax rates would be if they had been increased to reflect inflation. All of the above cited commodities had rate increases effective for that date under the Revenue Act of 1951. Just as the Congress was prepared to lower excise tax rates because of peacetime conditions, plans had to be revised as a result of the start of the Korean War. Thus, the Revenue Act of 1951 was born out of revenue needs due to increased military expenditures.
Date:
March 7, 1997
Creator:
Talley, Louis Alan & Cashell, Brian W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Developing Technology for Humanitarian Landmine Clearing Operations
This report describes new technologies being developed to help detect and clear anti-personel landmines, the programs that are developing them, and discusses related issues for congressional consideration.
Date:
March 26, 1997
Creator:
Moteff, John D.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Checklists of CRS Products on Public Policy Issues
None
Date:
March 19, 1997
Creator:
Library Services Division
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Excise Taxes on Alcohol, Tobacco, and Gasoline: History and Inflation Adjusted Rates
None
Date:
March 7, 1997
Creator:
Talley, Louis Alan & Cashell, Brian W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
South Korea's Economic Reforms And U.S. Interests
None
Date:
March 25, 1997
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Defense Budget: Role of the Joint Requirements Oversight Council
This report reviews the basic issues and past legislation concerning the joint requirements oversight council as a context for understanding ongoing policy debates.
Date:
March 12, 1997
Creator:
Hawkins, Thomas
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Legal Analysis of Proposals to Make English the Official Language of the United States Government
None
Date:
March 14, 1997
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library