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Japan: Resale Price Maintenance
Resale price maintenance occurs when manufacturers control the prices charged by wholesalers or retailers of their products. In Japan, such activities are prohibited, although certain exemptions are allowed. The U.S. concern over the practice is that it could allow Japanese firms to generate a secure profit base in their home market in order to finance aggressive price competition abroad.
Date:
March 28, 1991
Creator:
Nanto, Dick K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Japan-U.S. Cooperation on Ballistic Missile Defense: Issues and Prospects
None
Date:
March 19, 2002
Creator:
Cronin, Richard P.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Japan's Economy: From Bubble to Bust
In the 1980s, Japan's economy posted strong economic growth, in stark contrast to the more pedestrian growth other developed economies experienced. In this period, referred to as the "bubble" economy, Japan experienced a sharp increase in the values of land and stocks. The fast paced growth came to a halt in 1991, however, as the Ministry of Finance grew concerned over prospects of a rising rate of inflation, and, accordingly, tightened the nation's money supply. Since then, Japanese economic growth has fallen sharply and the economy has experienced asset deflation, rising levels of unemployment, and falling corporate profits and investments.
Date:
March 8, 1994
Creator:
Jackson, James K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Japan's Budget: Role in Economic Policymaking
The Japanese economy has been in recession for three years, making it the longest recession in Japan's post-war experience. Groups within and outside Japan are calling on Japan to adopt aggressive fiscal policy measures to boost the Japanese economy and to aid in the recovery of the world economy. Japan has enacted a number of limited measures to stimulate, but it is unlikely to move more aggressively to adopt deficit-financing measures to stimulate its economy for a number of reasons: political and government leaders oppose deficit financing in principle; and under present economic conditions, Japanese officials are more concerned with the effects a fiscal stimulus program will have on the yen, on Japan's trade account, and on its economic recovery.
Date:
March 29, 1994
Creator:
Jackson, James K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Japan-U.S. Relations in a Post-Cold War Environment: Emerging Trends and Issues for U.S. Policy
The prospects for Japan-U.S. relations in a rapidly changing minternational environment were explored in depth in a September 27, 1991, CRS seminar entitled "The Future of U.S.-Japan Relations: Global Partnership or Strategic, Rivalry?" A full transcript of the proceedings was published in February 1992 by the House Committee on Ways and Means as a Committee Print. This report summarizes the principal findings of that seminar.
Date:
March 24, 1992
Creator:
Cronin, Richard P.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Japan-U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress
None
Date:
March 13, 2003
Creator:
Cronin, Richard P.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Japan-U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress
None
Date:
March 21, 2005
Creator:
Cronin, Richard P.; Cooper, William H.; Manyin, Mark E. & Niksch, Larry A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Japan-U.S. Relations: Issues for the 107th Congress
None
Date:
March 7, 2002
Creator:
Cronin, Richard P.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Japan's World War II Reparations: A Fact Sheet
Japan's war reparations following World War II came in two stages. In the first, 1946-1949, U.S. and allied governments arranged for U.S. occupation authorities to ship about $160 million in Japanese industrial equipment to China, the Philippines, Indonesia, and the British colonies in East Asia.
Date:
March 7, 1991
Creator:
Niksch, Larry A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Japan's New Era of Coalition Governance: Implications for U.S. Interests and Policy
Recent Japanese political instability has complicated U.S.-Japan relations and posed new challenges to the achievement of important American economic, foreign policy and security objectives. Since July 1993 Japan has been governed by coalitions under three different prime ministers. The first coalition, under Prime Minister Morihiro Hosokawa, pushed through electoral and campaign finance reform legislation of potentially long-term significance, but failed to overcome political, bureaucratic and interest group resistance to its economic and administrative reform agenda. Its successor's have appeared to have progressively less power and will to carry out promised reforms or assume international leadership commensurate with Japan's global economic weight.
Date:
March 15, 1995
Creator:
Cronin, Richard P.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Japan-U.S. Trade: The Structural Impediments Initiative
On May 25, 1989, President Bush proposed that the United States undertake the Structural Impediments Initiative (SII), a series of discussions with Japan to address certain fundamental Japanese economic policies and business practices that the United States claims impede U.S. exports and investments. The SII was, in part, a Bush Administration response to the stubborn U.S. trade deficit and other problems that have caused friction in the U.S. trading relationship with Japan. It was also a response to congressional pressure to deal more aggressively with Japanese unfair trade practices and to calls from critics to adopt a "managed" trade policy toward Japan.
Date:
March 15, 1993
Creator:
Cooper, William H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Financial Services Trade with Japan
The 1995 U.S.-Japan Financial Services Agreement further liberalizes aspects of Japan's financial markets, particularly in asset management, corporate securities, cross-border financial services, and in providing greater transparency for administrative procedures. Implementation will have to be monitored, however, and some issues still remain unresolved.
Date:
March 24, 1995
Creator:
Nanto, Dick K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Japan's International Trade Patterns, Institutions, and Policies
This report presents an overview of Japan's performance in its trading relations. The report begins with a discussion of the development, size, and importance of Japan's international trading sector. It then examines the composition, institutions, and policies for trade. This is followed by a review of Japan's balance of payments, capital flows, value of the yen, and direction of trade.
Date:
March 15, 1982
Creator:
Nanto, Dick K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Japan-U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress
This report discusses the Japan - U.S. relations. The alliance, with its access to bases in Japan, where about 53,000 U.S. troops are stationed, facilitates the forward deployment of U.S. military forces in the Asia-Pacific, thereby undergirding U.S. national security strategy.
Date:
March 31, 2006
Creator:
Chanlett-Avery, Emma; Manyin, Mark E. & Cooper, William H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
U.S. Occupation Assistance: Iraq, Germany, and Japan Compared
None
Date:
March 23, 2006
Creator:
Serafino, Nina M.; Tarnoff, Curt & Nanto, Dick K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
U.S. Occupation Assistance: Iraq, Germany, and Japan Compared
None
Date:
March 23, 2006
Creator:
Serafino, Nina M.; Tarnoff, Curt & Nanto, Dick K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Japan 2011 Earthquake: U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) Response
This report discusses the United States' Department of Defense's (DOD) Japan 2011 Earthquake relief efforts, designated "Operation Tomodachi," which is Japanese for "friend." The report includes an overview of the situation, funding for DOD efforts, naval activities, air activities, and a historical overview of U.S. military presence in Japan.
Date:
March 22, 2011
Creator:
Feickert, Andrew & Chanlett-Avery, Emma
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Japan 2011 Disaster: CRS Experts
The following table provides access to names and contact information for CRS experts on policy concerns relating to the nuclear and humanitarian disaster unfolding in Japan. Specific policy areas are identified.
Date:
March 15, 2011
Creator:
Dolven, Ben
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fukushima Nuclear Crisis
This report briefly discusses the March 11, 2001, earthquake off the east coast of Honshu, Japan's largest island. The earthquake caused an automatic shutdown of eleven of Japan's fifty-five operating nuclear power plants. The plants closes to the earthquake's epicenter, Fukushima and Onagawa, were damaged by the earthquake and resulting tsunami. This report also discusses efforts by the United States and other countries to provide assistance to Japan to deal with the nuclear crisis.
Date:
March 15, 2011
Creator:
Campbell, Richard J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Proposed Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement: Background and Key Issues
The proposed Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) is a new agreement for combating intellectual property rights (IPR) infringement. The ACTA negotiation concluded in October 2010, nearly three years after it began, and negotiating parties released a final text of the agreement in May 2011. Negotiated by the United States, Australia, Canada, the European Union and its 27 member states, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, Morocco, New Zealand, Singapore, and Switzerland, the ACTA is intended to build on the IPR protection and enforcement obligations set forth in the 1995 World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement).
Date:
March 1, 2012
Creator:
Ilias, Shayerah
System:
The UNT Digital Library
U.S.-Japan Economic Relations: Significance, Prospects, and Policy Options
This report discusses issues regarding U.S.-Japan economic relations, since the economic condition of each nation can affect the world economy and a U.S.-Japan bilateral economic relationship could influence economic conditions in other countries. U.S. and Japanese leaders have several options on how to manage their relationship, including stronger reliance on the World Trade Organization; special bilateral negotiating frameworks and agreements; or a free trade agreement.
Date:
March 31, 2011
Creator:
Cooper, William H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Japan-U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress
This report looks at Japan-U.S. relations since WWII. The report focuses on some problems which can be addressed by Congress, including the earthquake and tsunami which hit Japan in March 2011, the Futenma Marine Air Station in Okinawa, bilateral trade, and economic issues resulting from the recent credit crisis and related economic recession.
Date:
March 24, 2011
Creator:
Chanlett-Avery, Emma; Cooper, William H. & Manyin, Mark E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The G-20 and International Economic Cooperation: Background and Implications for Congress
This report discusses the background of the G-20 (an international forum for discussing and coordinating economic policies) and some of the issues that it has addressed. It includes historic background on the work of the G-20, information about how the group operates, overviews of G-20 summits, major issues that the group is likely to address and the likely effectiveness of the G-20 in the near future. The members of the G-20 include Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the European Union.
Date:
March 31, 2011
Creator:
Nelson, Rebecca M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Japan’s 2011 Earthquake and Tsunami: Economic Effects and Implications for the United States
This report presents data regarding the persons killed, missing, and buildings totally or partially damaged after the disaster in Japan. The report discusses the economic impact the disaster had on Japan and the impact on U.S. imports from and exports to Japan.
Date:
March 25, 2011
Creator:
Nanto, Dick K.; Cooper, William H. & Donnelly, J. Michael
System:
The UNT Digital Library