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Access to Government Information In the United States
The Constitution of the United States makes no specific allowance for any one of the co-equal branches to have access to information held by the others and contains no provision expressly establishing a procedure for, or a right of, public access to government information. Nonetheless, Congress has legislated various public access laws. These include two records access statutes — the Freedom of Information Act and the Privacy Act — and two meetings access statutes — the Federal Advisory Committee Act and the Government in the Sunshine Act. This report provides background on the issue of government transparency and examines relevant litigation.
Date:
March 13, 2008
Creator:
Relyea, Harold C. & Ginsberg, Wendy
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Air Force Air Refueling: The KC-X Aircraft Acquisition Program
This report discusses the U.S. Air Force in-flight aerial refueling aircraft program. The KC-135, which makes up the preponderance of the Air Force's tanker force, is among the Air Force's oldest aircraft.
Date:
March 4, 2008
Creator:
Bolkcom, Christopher & Knight, William
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT): Income Entry Points and “Take Back” Effects
This report describes how the Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) is ineffective under the tax reductions of 2004-2007.
Date:
March 5, 2008
Creator:
Maguire, Steven
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Amtrak: Budget and Reauthorization
This report discuses Amtrak, which was created by Congress in 1970 to provide intercity passenger railroad service. Without a yearly federal grant to cover operating losses, Amtrak would not survive as presently configured. This issue brief discusses reform proposals from both the Administration and Amtrak in the 109th Congress.
Date:
March 14, 2008
Creator:
Frittelli, John & Peterman, David Randall
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Averting Financial Crisis
This report focuses on the efforts of regulators to reduce stress to the markets.
Date:
March 21, 2008
Creator:
Jickling, Mark
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Aviation Spending Guarantee Mechanisms
The report discusses the cap and penalty Era, Airport and airway safety and capacity expansion act of 1987, Current FAA Funding Guarantees and Funding guarantee options.
Date:
March 25, 2008
Creator:
Kirk, Robert S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Biofuels Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs
This report outlines federal programs that provide direct or indirect incentives for biofuels. For each program described, the report provides details including administering agency, authorizing statute(s), annual funding, and expiration date.
Date:
March 18, 2008
Creator:
Yacobucci, Brent D.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Budget Reconciliation Process: The Senate’s “Byrd Rule”
This report discusses the reconciliation under the congressional budget act of 1974 by which congress implements budget resolution policies affecting mainly permanent spending and revenue programs.
Date:
March 20, 2008
Creator:
Keith, Robert
System:
The UNT Digital Library
California's Waiver Request to Control Greenhouse Gases Under the Clean Air Act
This report reviews the nature of Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) authority, as well as that of California and other states, to regulate emissions from mobile sources. It includes a discussion fo the applicability of that authority to greenhouse gases (GHGs) and issues related to the California waiver request.
Date:
March 4, 2008
Creator:
McCarthy, James E. & Meltz, Robert
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Carbon Cycle: Implications for Climate Change and Congress
This report puts the human contribution of carbon to the atmosphere into the larger context of the global carbon cycle. The report focuses almost entirely on carbon dioxide (CO2), which alone is responsible for over half of the change in Earth's radiation balance. Moreover, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), CO2 is the most important greenhouse gas released to the atmosphere from human activities.
Date:
March 13, 2008
Creator:
Folger, Peter
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Clean Air Issues in the 110th Congress: Climate Change, Air Quality Standards, and Oversight
This report provides a brief overview of the climate change issue as well as other Clean Air Act issues of interest in the 110th Congress.
Date:
March 7, 2008
Creator:
McCarthy, James E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Clean Air Permitting: Status of Implementation and Issues
This report describes the statutory background of the Title V program and the status of implementation, in terms of federal approval of state and local permitting authorities and permit issuance. It also discusses broad policy issues identified by various stakeholders, including program complexity and costs, and inconsistencies due to a lack of sufficient federal guidance.
Date:
March 20, 2008
Creator:
Copeland, Claudia
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Clean Water Act: A Summary of the Law
This report presents a summary of the law, describing the essence of the statute without discussing its implementation. Other CRS products do discuss implementation, including CRS Report RL33800, Water Quality Issues in the 110th Congress: Oversight and Implementation, and numerous products cited in that report.
Date:
March 17, 2008
Creator:
Copeland, Claudia
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Clean Water Act Section 401: Background and Issues
Report discussing specifics of the U.S. Clean Water Act. Section 401 of the Clean Water Act requires that an applicant for a federal license or permit provide a certification that any discharges from the facility will comply with the act, including water quality standard requirements. Disputes have arisen over the states' exercise of authority under Section 401. For the most part, the debate over the Section 401 certification issue has been between states and hydropower interests.
Date:
March 20, 2008
Creator:
Copeland, Claudia
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Background and Current Developments
This report provides a brief history and recent developments regarding the comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty (CTBT). The U.N. General Assembly adopted the CTBT in 1996. The report discusses the national positions on testing and the CTBT, The North Korean nuclear test, stockpile stewardship, and CTBT pros and cons.
Date:
March 4, 2008
Creator:
Medalia, Jonathan
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Issues and Arguments
This report discusses the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty that would ban all nuclear explosions. The report presents a detailed, comprehensive discussion of the treaty's pros and cons from a U.S. perspective.
Date:
March 12, 2008
Creator:
Medalia, Jonathan
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Congressional Budget Process Timetable
This report examines the congressional budget process timetable, which is intended to ensure that Congress completes its work on budgetary legislation by the start of the fiscal year on October 1.
Date:
March 20, 2008
Creator:
Heniff, Bill, Jr.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Davis-Bacon Act Coverage and the State Revolving Fund Program Under the Clean Water Act
This report discusses the Davis-Bacon Act (DBA), which established a prevailing wage requirement for persons working under government contracts, and the Clean Water Act (CWA), which includes a related requirement for the construction of wastewater treatment plants. In particular, it considers the impact on state revolving loan funds (SRF), in which states contribute part of the needed funds for projects and would need to account for the prevailing wage requirement.
Date:
March 26, 2008
Creator:
Whittaker, William G.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Debt-for-Nature Initiatives and the Tropical Forest Conservation Act: Status and Implementation
This report provides a description of debt-for-nature transactions and a summary of the Tropical Forest Conservation Act.
Date:
March 20, 2008
Creator:
Sheikh, Pervaze A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Disability Retirement for Federal Employees
None
Date:
March 18, 2008
Creator:
Purcell, Patrick J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Economic Substance Doctrine: Legal Analysis of Proposed Legislation
None
Date:
March 24, 2008
Creator:
Pettit, Carol A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Emergency Communications Legislation: Implications for the 110th Congress
Since September 11, 2001, several bills introduced in the U.S. Congress have included provisions to assist emergency communications. Key provisions from a number of these bills have become law. This report discusses legislation addressing communications among first responders.
Date:
March 19, 2008
Creator:
Moore, Linda K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA): A Summary
This report summarizes the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to- Know Act (EPCRA) and the major regulatory programs that mandate reporting by industrial facilities of releases of hazardous chemicals to the environment, as well as local planning to respond in the event of significant, accidental releases.
Date:
March 19, 2008
Creator:
Schierow, Linda-Jo
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Energy and Water Development: FY2009 Appropriations
None
Date:
March 18, 2008
Creator:
Behrens, Carl E.; Andrews, Anthony; Bearden, David M.; Carter, Nicole T.; Holt, Mark; Lane, Nic et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library