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9/11 Commission Recommendations: The Senate Confirmation Process for Presidential Nominees
On July 22, 2004, the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, known as the 9/11 Commission, issued its final report, detailing the events up to and including the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks upon the United States. The 9/11 Commission recommended that the Senate adopt rules requiring hearings and votes to confirm or reject national security nominees within 30 days of their submission at the start of each new presidential administration. Implementing the commission's proposal would involve imposing new restrictions on both the power of committee chairs to control the agenda of their committees and the rights of Senators to delay or block nominations through holds and extended debate. This report discusses in detail this proposal, how it could be implemented, and the potential effects of its implementation.
Date:
March 23, 2005
Creator:
Palmer, Betsy
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Abandoned Mine Land Fund Reauthorization: Selected Issues
This report provides a summary of the structure of the Abandon Mine Land (AML) program, distribution of funds, and discusses major proposals considered in the 108th Congress.
Date:
March 8, 2005
Creator:
Bamberger, Robert L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy
This report covers the progress made in Afghan stabilization immediately following the war that brought the 2004 government to power. The report discusses decreased levels of insurgency, the lack of Al Qaeda's presence, and the increased amounts of freedom Afghan citizens are now enjoying under the new government. Moreover, the report summarizes the remaining obstacles to stability in the region.
Date:
March 31, 2005
Creator:
Katzman, Kenneth
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Afghanistan: Presidential and Parliamentary Elections
Presidential elections in Afghanistan were held on October 9, 2004, with heavy turnout and minimal violence. Karzai was declared the winner on November 3, 2004 with about 55% of the vote, and he subsequently named a cabinet incorporating most major factions but stressing qualifications. Parliamentary, provincial, and district elections were to be held in April-May 2005, but they are now almost certain to be postponed until at least September 2005. See CRS Report RL30588, Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy.
Date:
March 10, 2005
Creator:
Katzman, Kenneth
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Africa, the G8, and the Blair Initiative
Britain's Prime Minister Blair assumed the rotating presidency of the G8 group of nations (see text box) in January 2005, and he intends to use the July 2005 G8 summit, which he will chair, to push his Africa development initiative. Climate change will be the second focus of the G8 meeting, being called the "Gleneagles summit." The purpose of this report is to provide background on Africa, the G8, and the Gleneagles meeting. It outlines the British proposals and the U.S. reaction to them to date. In addition, it briefly reviews the problems that have inhibited African development and the response to those problems at previous G8 meetings. For additional information, see CRS Report RL32489, Africa: Development Issues and Policy Options, and CRS Issue Brief IB95052, Africa: U.S. Foreign Assistance Issues.
Date:
March 17, 2005
Creator:
Copson, Raymond W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Africa: U.S. Foreign Assistance Issues
This report discusses the issue of U.S. economic assistance to sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting the importance of continued assistance in light of U.S. national security and also various U.S.-led efforts to promote reform amongst African citizens themselves. U.S. assistance finds its way to Africa through a variety of channels, including the USAID-administered DA program, food aid programs, and indirect aid provided through international financial institutions and the United Nations.
Date:
March 21, 2005
Creator:
Copson, Raymond W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Agricultural Biotechnology: Background and Recent Issues
Since the first genetically engineered (GE) crops (also called GM [genetically modified] crops, or GMOs, genetically modified organisms) became commercially available in the mid-1990s, U.S. soybean, cotton, and corn farmers have rapidly adopted them. As adoption has spread, there have been policy debates over the costs and benefits of GE products. Issues include the impacts of GE crops on the environment and food safety, and whether GE foods should be specially labeled. Congress generally has been supportive of GE agricultural products, although some Members have expressed wariness about their adoption and regulation. The 109th Congress will likely continue to follow trade developments, particularly the U.S.-EU dispute, as well as U.S. regulatory mechanisms for approving biotech foods.
Date:
March 7, 2005
Creator:
Becker, Geoffrey S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Agricultural Credit: Institutions and Issues
This report discusses federal credit assistance for farmers and recent issues in Congress related to the programs.
Date:
March 17, 2005
Creator:
Monke, Jim
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Agriculture and FY2006 Budget Reconciliation
This report compares and contrasts the differences in House and Senate action on a FY2006 budget resolution. The report details that both bills would require cuts to mandatory programs within each committee's jurisdiction. Although no cuts will be required until a conference agreement on the resolution is reached.
Date:
March 22, 2005
Creator:
Chite, Ralph M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
AIDS Funding for Federal Government Programs: FY1981-FY2006
This report provides an overview of Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) spending on HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome) as well as budget numbers for other federal government programs targeting HIV/AIDS.
Date:
March 23, 2005
Creator:
Johnson, Judith A. & Coleman, Sharon
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Air Force FB-22 Bomber Concept
The Air Force has expressed interest in developing a bomber variant of the F-22A Raptor to "bridge the gap" between today's bombers and a follow-on bomber in 2037. Questions exist regarding the FB-22's feasibility, cost, and combat potential.
Date:
March 21, 2005
Creator:
Bolkcom, Christopher
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Air Quality: Multi-Pollutant Legislation in the 109th Congress
This report discusses air pollutants (petroleum, natural gas, and coal), which account for about two-thirds of U.S. electricity generation. These gases include several pollutants that directly pose risks to human health and welfare. The report also discusses the utilities that are subject to an array of environmental regulations.
Date:
March 25, 2005
Creator:
Parker, Larry & Blodgett, John E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Alternative Minimum Taxpayers by State
This report discusses the alternative minimum tax (AMT) with respect to the percentage of taxpayers who fall under the AMT as divided by state. The report also briefly addresses related legislation.
Date:
March 17, 2005
Creator:
Esenwein, Gregg A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An Analysis of the Administration's Deficit Reduction Goal
This report briefly discusses the Bush Administration's proposal to reduce the deficit between FY2004 and FY2009. It discusses the provisions of the FY2006 budget proposal in respect to the Administration's deficit reduction goal. CRS has constructed a modified baseline budget which, arguably, provides a “best guess” of the path of future deficits if current policy is extended. Under this alternative, the deficit is projected to rise to $425 billion in FY2009.
Date:
March 2, 2005
Creator:
Esenwein, Gregg A. & Labonte, Marc
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Animal Identification and Meat Traceability
Animal identification refers to marking individual or groups of farm animals so that they can be tracked from birth to slaughter. Animal identification is one segment of meat traceability, generally the tracking of identifiable products through the entire marketing chain to the ultimate consumer. This report details an overview of animal identification in the U.S., current programs to enforce animal identification, development of a National Identification Plan, the Foreign Trade Commission, and other selected issues.
Date:
March 29, 2005
Creator:
Becker, Geoffrey S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Appropriate Number of Advice and Consent Positions: An Analysis of the Issue and Proposals for Change
This report provides background information about the issues concerning possible congressional action to reduce the number of positions to which the president makes appointments with the advice and consent of the Senate.
Date:
March 14, 2005
Creator:
Hogue, Henry B.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Appropriations for FY2005: Interior and Related Agencies
This report is a guide to one of the 13 regular appropriations bills that Congress considers each year. It summarizes the status of the bill, its scope, major issues, funding levels, and related congressional activity, and is updated as events warrant. The Interior and related agencies appropriations bill includes funds for the Department of the Interior (DOI), except for the Bureau of Reclamation, and for some agencies and programs within the Departments of Agriculture, Energy, and Health and Human Services.
Date:
March 9, 2005
Creator:
Hardy Vincent, Carol & Boren, Susan
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Appropriations for FY2005: Interior and Related Agencies
This report is a guide to the Interior and related agencies appropriations bill, including funds for the Department of the Interior (DOI), except for the Bureau of Reclamation, and for some agencies or programs within three other departments - Agriculture, Energy, and Health, and Human Services.
Date:
March 8, 2005
Creator:
Vincent, Carol Hardy & Boren, Susan
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Appropriations Subcommittee Structure: History of Changes from 1920-2005
This report details the evolution of the House and Senate Appropriations Committees’ subcommittee structure from the 1920s to the present.
Date:
March 9, 2005
Creator:
Saturno, James V.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR): Controversies for the 109th Congress
This report discusses the ongoing debate about whether or not to approve energy development in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR). Current law forbids energy leasing in the Refuge. This report addresses several legislative options on the issue, as well as policymakers' arguments for and against development, especially in the wake of increasing terrorism since 2000-2001.
Date:
March 11, 2005
Creator:
Corn, M. Lynne; Gelb, Bernard A. & Baldwin, Pamela
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR): Legislative Actions Through the 108th Congress
This report provides a summary of legislative attempts from the 95th through the 108th Congresses, with emphasis on the 107th and 108th Congress, to address the issues of energy development and preservation in the Refuge.
Date:
March 30, 2005
Creator:
Gillis, Anne
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Arctic Petroleum Technology Developments
This is a report by the Arctic Petroleum Technology about its developments.
Date:
March 3, 2005
Creator:
Gelb, Bernard A.; Corn, M. Lynne & Twyman, Terry R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Argentina: Political Conditions and U.S. Relations
This report briefly discusses the political and economic conditions of Argentina, as well as its relationship with the U.S.
Date:
March 31, 2005
Creator:
Sullivan, Mark P.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests
This report consists of the independence of all the former Soviet republics by the end of 1991, including the South Caucasus state of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia in the United States.
Date:
March 17, 2005
Creator:
Nichol, Jim
System:
The UNT Digital Library