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3-d finite element model development for biomechanics: a software demonstration
Finite element analysis is becoming an increasingly important part of biomechanics and orthopedic research, as computational resources become more powerful, and data handling algorithms become more sophisticated. Until recently, tools with sufficient power did not exist or were not accessible to adequately model complicated, three-dimensional, nonlinear biomechanical systems. In the past, finite element analyses in biomechanics have often been limited to two-dimensional approaches, linear analyses, or simulations of single tissue types. Today, we have the resources to model fully three-dimensional, nonlinear, multi-tissue, and even multi-joint systems. The authors will present the process of developing these kinds of finite element models, using human hand and knee examples, and will demonstrate their software tools.
Date:
March 1, 1997
Creator:
Hollerbach, K.; Hollister, A.M. & Ashby, E.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
10 Things You Can Do To Make Our Schools Better
Photocopy of a clipping from Parade Magazine, featuring an article titled, "10 Things You Can Do To Make Our Schools Better," by Vartan Gregorian. Gregorian will become the President of the Carnegie Corporation of New York in June, 1997. Gregorian is one of the leading authorities on education in America and has written a list about some things concerned individuals can do right now to better the schools and education in the area. The 10th thing on Gregorian's list is to restore the arts as a major element in education. "We've made a tremendous mistake in diminishing or eliminating art, music and dance as fluff or frills."
Date:
March 23, 1997
Creator:
Gregorian, Vartain
Object Type:
Clipping
System:
The UNT Digital Library
94-1 Research and development project lead laboratory support. Status report, July 1, 1996--September 30, 1996
This document reports status and technical progress for Los Alamos 94-1 Research and Development projects. Updated schedule charts are shown in the appendix. This is the fourth status report published for Los Alamos National Laboratory 94-1 Research and Development Project Support. The Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management (DOE/EM) funds these projects in order to support the storage or disposal of legacy plutonium and plutonium-bearing materials resulting from weapons production throughout the DOE complex. This document also serves as an end-for-year review of projects and positions the program for FY97.
Date:
March 1, 1997
Creator:
Rink, N.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
241-SY-101 strain concentration factor development via nonlinear analysis. Volume 1 of 1
The 241-SY-101 waste storage tank at the Hanford-Site has been known to accumulate and release significant quantities of hydrogen gas. An analysis was performed to assess the tank`s structural integrity when subjected to postulated hydrogen deflagration loads. The analysis addressed many nonlinearities and appealed to a strain-based failure criteria. The model used to predict the global response of the tank was not refined enough to confidently predict local peak strains. Strain concentration factors were applied at structural discontinuities that were based on steel-lined reinforced-concrete containment studies. The discontinuities included large penetrations, small penetrations, springline geometries, stud/liner connections, and the {1/2} inch to 3/8 inch liner thickness transition. The only tank specific strain concentration factor applied in the evaluation was for the {1/2} inch to 3/8 inch liner thickness change in the dome. Review of the tank drawings reveals the possibility that a 4 inches Sch. 40 pipe penetrates the dome thickness transition region. It is not obvious how to combine the strain concentration factors for a small penetration with that of a thickness transition to arrive at a composite strain concentration factor. It is the goal of this effort to make an approximate determination of the relative significance of the …
Date:
March 1, 1997
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
300 Area steam plant replacement, Hanford Site, Richland, Washington: Environmental assessment
Steam to support process operations and facility heating is currently produced by a centralized oil-fired plant located in the 300 Area and piped to approximately 26 facilities in the 300 Area. This plant was constructed during the 1940s and, because of tis age, is not efficient, requires a relatively large operating and maintenance staff, and is not reliable. The US Department of Energy is proposing an energy conservation measure for a number of buildings in the 300 Area of the Hanford Site. This action includes replacing the centralized heating system with heating units for individual buildings or groups of buildings, constructing new natural gas pipelines to provide a fuel source for many of these units and constructing a central control building to operate and maintain the system. A new steel-sided building would be constructed in the 300 Area in a previously disturbed area at least 400 m (one-quarter mile) from the Columbia River, or an existing 300 Area building would be modified and used. This Environmental Assessment evaluates alternatives to the proposed actions. Alternatives considered are: (1) the no action alternative; (2) use of alternative fuels, such as low-sulfur diesel oil; (3) construction of a new central steam plant, piping …
Date:
March 1, 1997
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
15th Street News (Midwest City, Okla.), Vol. 26, No. 21, Ed. 1 Friday, March 7, 1997
Newspaper from Rose State College in Midwest City, Oklahoma that includes national, local, and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
March 7, 1997
Creator:
Easttom, Holly
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
15th Street News (Midwest City, Okla.), Vol. 26, No. 22, Ed. 1 Friday, March 14, 1997
Newspaper from Rose State College in Midwest City, Oklahoma that includes national, local, and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
March 14, 1997
Creator:
Easttom, Holly
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
15th Street News (Midwest City, Okla.), Vol. 26, No. 23, Ed. 1 Friday, March 28, 1997
Newspaper from Rose State College in Midwest City, Oklahoma that includes national, local, and campus news along with advertising.
Date:
March 28, 1997
Creator:
Easttom, Holly
Object Type:
Newspaper
System:
The Gateway to Oklahoma History
1996 Hanford site annual dangerous waste report
This report is a description of the Hanford site's annual dangerous waste in 1996.
Date:
March 6, 1997
Creator:
Barcot, R. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
1996 Tier two emergency and hazardous chemical inventory emergency planning and community right-to-know act section 312
None
Date:
March 12, 1997
Creator:
Hays, C. B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[1997 City Council Candidate Questionnaire]
A questionnaire for the 1997 City Council candidates, for possible endorsement from the Lesbian Gay Political Action Committee (PAC).
Date:
March 1997
Creator:
Lesbian / Gay Political Coalition of Dallas
Object Type:
Text
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Abandoned Mine Land Fund: Grants Distribution and Issues
The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA, P.L. 95-87), enacted in 1977, established reclamation standards for all coal surface mining operations, and for the surface effects of underground mining. It also established the Abandoned Mine Land (AML) program to promote the reclamation of sites mined and abandoned prior to the enactment of SMCRA. To finance reclamation of abandoned mine sites, the legislation established fees on coal production. These collections are divided into federal and state shares; subject to annual appropriation, AML funds are distributed annually to states with approved reclamation programs. This report describes the distribution of these funds and the various issues that arise from said distribution.
Date:
March 26, 1997
Creator:
Bamberger, Robert L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Action spectrum for melanoma induction in hybrid fish of the genus Xiphophorus
Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is a complicated disease that is dependent on a number of factors that influence its incidence in ways that are quantitatively uncertain. The incidence of CMM increases with proximity to the Equator -- an observation in line with the conclusion that sun exposure is the most important etiologic agent. However, the latitude effect does not implicate UVB because the intensities of all spectral regions increase toward the Equator. An understanding of the useful public health measures to lower the incidence of CMM would benefit greatly if the spectral region of sunlight implicated in melanoma incidence were known. Such knowledge requires animal models to evaluate the incidence as a function of wavelength. There are marsupial models, a transgenic mouse model, and a fish model. To date, only the fish model has been employed to obtain an action spectrum. The paper describes a fish model, implications of the fish spectrum, and epidemiological data.
Date:
March 1, 1997
Creator:
Setlow, R. B.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Activities to support the liquefied gaseous fuels spill test facility program. Final report
Approximately a hundred years ago the petrochemical industry was in its infancy, while the chemical industry was already well established. Today, both of these industries, which are almost indistinguishable, are a substantial part of the makeup of the U.S. economy and the lifestyle we enjoy. It is difficult to identify a single segment of our daily lives that isn`t affected by these industries and the products or services they make available for our use. Their survival and continued function in a competitive world market are necessary to maintain our current standard of living. The occurrence of accidents in these industries has two obvious effects: (1) the loss of product during the accident and future productivity because of loss of a portion of a facility or transport medium, and (2) the potential loss of life or injury to individuals, whether workers, emergency responders, or members of the general public. A great deal of work has been conducted at the Liquefied Gaseous Fuels Spill test Facility (LGFSTF) on hazardous spills. WRI has conducted accident investigations as well as provided information on the research results via the internet and bibliographies.
Date:
March 1, 1997
Creator:
Sheesley, D.; King, S.B. & Routh, T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Adapting the decomposable mandrel technique to build specialty ICF targets
None
Date:
March 26, 1997
Creator:
Fearon, E. M.; Letts, S. A.; Allison, L. M. & Cook, R. C.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Adaptive controller for hyperthermia robot
This paper describes the development of an adaptive computer control routine for a robotically, deployed focused, ultrasonic hyperthermia cancer treatment system. The control algorithm developed herein uses physiological models of a tumor and the surrounding healthy tissue regions and transient temperature data to estimate the treatment region`s blood perfusion. This estimate is used to vary the specific power profile of a scanned, focused ultrasonic transducer to achieve a temperature distribution as close as possible to an optimal temperature distribution. The controller is evaluated using simulations of diseased tissue and using limited experiments on a scanned, focused ultrasonic treatment system that employs a 5-Degree-of-Freedom (D.O.F.) robot to scan the treatment transducers over a simulated patient. Results of the simulations and experiments indicate that the adaptive control routine improves the temperature distribution over standard classical control algorithms if good (although not exact) knowledge of the treated region is available. Although developed with a scanned, focused ultrasonic robotic treatment system in mind, the control algorithm is applicable to any system with the capability to vary specific power as a function of volume and having an unknown distributed energy sink proportional to temperature elevation (e.g., other robotically deployed hyperthermia treatment methods using different heating …
Date:
March 1, 1997
Creator:
Kress, R. L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Admixture enhanced controlled low-strength material for direct underwater injection with minimal cross-contamination
Commercially available admixtures have been developed for placing traditional concrete products under water. This paper evaluates adapting anti-washout admixture (AWA) and high range water reducing admixture (HRWRA) products to enhance controlled low-strength materials (CLSMs) for underwater placement. A simple experimental scale model (based on dynamic and geometric similitude) of typical grout pump emplacement equipment has been developed to determine the percentage of cementing material washed out. The objective of this study was to identify proportions of admixtures and underwater CLSM emplacement procedures which would minimize the cross-contamination of the displaced water while maintaining the advantages of CLSM. Since the displaced water from radioactively contaminated systems must be subsequently treated prior to release to the environment, the amount of cross-contamination is important for cases in which cementing material could form hard sludges in a water treatment facility and contaminate the in-place CLSM stabilization medium.
Date:
March 1, 1997
Creator:
Hepworth, H. K.; Davidson, J. S. & Hooyman, J. L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced aircraft ignition CRADA final report
Conventional commercial and military turbo-jet aircraft engines use capacitive discharge ignition systems to initiate fuel combustion. The fuel-rich conditions required to ensure engine re-ignition during flight yield less than optimal engine performance, which in turn reduces fuel economy and generates considerable pollution in the exhaust. Los Alamos investigated two approaches to advanced ignition: laser based and microwave based. The laser based approach is fuel ignition via laser-spark breakdown and via photo-dissociation of fuel hydrocarbons and oxygen. The microwave approach involves modeling, and if necessary redesigning, a combustor shape to form a low-Q microwave cavity, which will ensure microwave breakdown of the air/fuel mixture just ahead of the nozzle with or without a catalyst coating. This approach will also conduct radio-frequency (RF) heating of ceramic elements that have large loss tangents. Replacing conventional systems with either of these two new systems should yield combustion in leaner jet fuel/air mixtures. As a result, the aircraft would operate with (1) considerable less exhaust pollution, (2) lower engine maintenance, and (3) significantly higher fuel economy.
Date:
March 1, 1997
Creator:
Early, J.W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced biochemical processes for geothermal brines current developments
A research program at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) which deals with the development and application of processes for the treatment of geothermal brines and sludges has led to the identification and design of cost-efficient and environmentally friendly treatment methodology. Initially the primary goal of the processing was to convert geothermal wastes into disposable materials whose chemical composition would satisfy environmental regulations. An expansion of the R&D effort allowed to identify a combination of biochemical and chemical processes which became a basis for the development of a technology for the treatment of geothermal brines and sludges. The new technology satisfies environmental regulatory requirements and concurrently converts the geothermal brines and sludges into commercially promising products. Because the chemical composition of geothermal wastes depends on the type of the resource and therefore differs, the emerging technology has to be also flexible so that it can be readily modified to suit the needs of a particular type of resource. Recent conceptional designs for the processing of hypersaline and low salinity brines and sludges will be discussed.
Date:
March 10, 1997
Creator:
Premuzic, E.T.; Lin, M.S. & Bohenek, M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced Byproduct Recovery: Direct Catalytic Reduction of Sulfur Dioxide to Elemental Sulfur. Sixth quarterly technical progress report, January - March 1997
More than 170 wet scrubber systems applied, to 72,000 MW of U.S., coal-fired, utility boilers are in operation or under construction. In these systems, the sulfur dioxide removed from the boiler flue gas is permanently bound to a sorbent material, such as lime or limestone. The sulfated sorbent must be disposed of as a waste product or, in some cases, sold as a byproduct (e.g. gypsum). Due to the abundance and low cost of naturally occurring gypsum, and the costs associated with producing an industrial quality product, less than 7% of these scrubbers are configured to produce usable gypsum (and only 1% of all units actually sell the byproduct). The disposal of solid waste from each of these scrubbers requires a landfill area of approximately 200 to 400 acres. In the U.S., a total of 19 million tons of disposable FGD byproduct are produced, transported and disposed of in landfills annually. The use of regenerable sorbent technologies has the potential to reduce or eliminate solid waste production, transportation and disposal. In a regenerable sorbent system, the sulfur dioxide in the boiler flue gas is removed by the sorbent in an adsorber. The S0{sub 2}s subsequently released, in higher concentration, in …
Date:
March 1, 1997
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An advanced control system for fine coal flotation. Fifth quarterly technical progress report, October 1, 1996--December 31, 1996
A model-based flotation control scheme is being implemented to achieve optimal performance in the handling and treatment of fine coal. The control scheme monitors flotation performance through on- line analysis of ash content. Then, based on the economic and metallurgical performance of the circuit, variables such as reagent dosage, pulp density and pulp level are adjusted using model-base control algorithms to compensate for feed variations and other process disturbances. Recent developments in sensor technology are being applied for on-line determination of slurry ash content. During the fifth quarter of this project, all work was on hold pending the final novation of the contract to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
Date:
March 4, 1997
Creator:
Adel, G. T. & Luttrell, G. H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An advanced control system for fine coal flotation. Fourth quarterly technical progress report, July 1, 1996--September 30, 1996
A model-based flotation control scheme is being implemented to achieve optimal performance in the handling and treatment of fine coal. The control scheme monitors flotation performance through on-line analysis of ash content. Then, based on the economic and metallurgical performance of the circuit, variables such as reagent dosage, pulp density and pulp level are adjusted using model-based control algorithms to compensate for feed variations and other process disturbances. Recent developments in sensor technology are being applied for on-line determination of slurry ash content. During the fourth quarter of this project, a final attempt was made to calibrate a video-based ash analyzer for use in this application. It was concluded that the low ash content and the coarse particle size of the flotation tailings slurry at the Maple Meadow plant site made the video-based system unsuitable for this application. Plans are now underway to lease a nuclear-based analyzer as the primary sensor for this project.
Date:
March 4, 1997
Creator:
Adel, G. T. & Luttrell, G. H.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced hardware and software methods for thread and gear dimensional metrology. CRADA final report
The Oak Ridge Centers for Manufacturing Technology (ORCMT) and Apeiron Incorporated have collaborated on an effort to develop a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) fiber lidar system for dimensional metrology of internal threads, gears, and splines. The purpose of this effort was to assist a small company in developing an instrument that would exceed the performance of competing foreign instruments and provide measurement capabilities necessary to assure compliance for NASA facilities and other industrial facilities. The two parties collaborated on design, assembly, and bench testing of the prototype instrument. The prototype system was targeted to have the capability of profiling internally machined gears and threads to an accuracy of less than a micron.
Date:
March 5, 1997
Creator:
Miller, A. C., Jr. & Grann, E. B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced natural gas-fired turbine system utilizing thermochemical recuperation and/or partial oxidation for electricity generation, greenfield and repowering applications
The performance, economics and technical feasibility of heavy duty combustion turbine power systems incorporating two advanced power generation schemes have been estimated to assess the potential merits of these advanced technologies. The advanced technologies considered were: Thermochemical Recuperation (TCR), and Partial Oxidation (PO). The performance and economics of these advanced cycles are compared to conventional combustion turbine Simple-Cycles and Combined-Cycles. The objectives of the Westinghouse evaluation were to: (1) simulate TCR and PO power plant cycles, (2) evaluate TCR and PO cycle options and assess their performance potential and cost potential compared to conventional technologies, (3) identify the required modifications to the combustion turbine and the conventional power cycle components to utilize the TCR and PO technologies, (4) assess the technical feasibility of the TCR and PO cycles, (5) identify what development activities are required to bring the TCR and PO technologies to commercial readiness. Both advanced technologies involve the preprocessing of the turbine fuel to generate a low-thermal-value fuel gas, and neither technology requires advances in basic turbine technologies (e.g., combustion, airfoil materials, airfoil cooling). In TCR, the turbine fuel is reformed to a hydrogen-rich fuel gas by catalytic contact with steam, or with flue gas (steam and carbon …
Date:
March 1, 1997
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library