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Estimates of SASE power in the short wavelength region
Given a sufficiently bright electron beam, the self-amplified-spontaneous emission (SASE) can provide gigawatts of short wavelength coherent radiation. The advantages of SASE approach are that is requires neither optical cavity nor an imput seed laser. In this note, we estimate the peak power performance of SASE for wavelengths shorter than 1000 {Angstrom}. At each wavelength, we calculate the saturated power from a uniform parameter undulator and the enhanced power from a tapered undulator. The method described here is an adaptation of that discussed by L.H. Yu, who discussed the harmonic generation scheme with seeded laser, to the case of SASE.
Date:
March 1, 1992
Creator:
Kim, Kwang-Je.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The demand-side management program development process: A utility perspective
This report describes an aspect of DSM that has received little attention, namely, how utilities develop DSM programs. The selection of utilities to study purposely was biased in favor of those with reputations for being experienced DSM program developers so as to optimize the chances to obtain detailed information. The DSM planning process is affected by organizational factors and external influences: (1) the location of the demand-side planning department within the utility; (2) the demand-side planning group's functional responsibilities; (3) upper management participation in the DSM program development process; and (4) the organizational relationship between (or, separation of) supply-side and demand-side planning. Organizational factors reflect utilities' views of DSM programs and thus can affect the adoption of a technology- or customer-oriented approach. Despite repeated claims of the uniqueness of the demand- side planning process and its resistance to standardization, two general approaches to program development were discerned, namely technology- or customer-orientation. Although utilities consider customer related and technological factors in their DSM program development process, utilities can be differentiated by their emphasis on one or the other approach. 25 refs.
Date:
March 1, 1992
Creator:
Wolfe, A.K. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)) & Yourstone, N.E. (Yourstone (Evelin), Albuquerque, NM (United States))
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geothermal waste treatment biotechnology: Progress and advantages to the utilities
Development of biotechnology for treatment of geothermal residual waste is aimed at the application of low-cost biochemical processes for the surface treatment and disposal of residual geothermal sludges. These processes, in addition to the lowering of disposal cost, are designed to be environmentally acceptable. Recent studies at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) have shown that optimization of several process variables results in fast rates (<24h) of metal removal from residual sludges at acidic pH ({minus}1--2). Optimization of the process variables also enables the removal of radioactive isotopes. In addition, the aqueous phase produced during the bioprocessing which contains solubilized metals can be further treated in a manner which precipitates out the metals and renders the aqueous effluent toxic metal free. In this paper, the various process options will be discussed in terms of biotreatment variables. Chemical composition before and after biotreatment will also be discussed in terms of long-range effects, quality assurance and potential disposal costs.
Date:
March 1, 1992
Creator:
Premuzic, E.T.; Lin, M.S. & Jin, J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Costs and benefits of automotive fuel economy improvement: A partial analysis
This paper is an exercise in estimating the costs and benefits of technology-based fuel economy improvements for automobiles and light trucks. Benefits quantified include vehicle cots, fuel savings, consumer's surplus effects, the effect of reduced weight on vehicle safety, impacts on emissions of CO{sub 2} and criteria pollutants, world oil market and energy security benefits, and the transfer of wealth from US consumes to oil producers. A vehicle stock model is used to capture sales, scrappage, and vehicle use effects under three fuel price scenarios. Three alternative fuel economy levels for 2001 are considered, ranging from 32.9 to 36.5 MPG for cars and 24.2 to 27.5 MPG for light trucks. Fuel economy improvements of this size are probably cost-effective. The size of the benefit, and whether there is a benefit, strongly depends on the financial costs of fuel economy improvement and judgments about the values of energy security, emissions, safety, etc. Three sets of values for eight parameters are used to define the sensitivity of costs and benefits to key assumptions. The net present social value (1989$) of costs and benefits ranges from a cost of $11 billion to a benefit of $286 billion. The critical parameters being the discount …
Date:
March 1, 1992
Creator:
Greene, D.L. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)) & Duleep, K.G. (Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington, VA (United States))
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
(NLUF user-application of a high-density gas laser target to the physics x-ray lasers and coronal plasmas)
None
Date:
March 13, 1992
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Lecture notes for criticality safety
These lecture notes for criticality safety are prepared for the training of Department of Energy supervisory, project management, and administrative staff. Technical training and basic mathematics are assumed. The notes are designed for a two-day course, taught by two lecturers. Video tapes may be used at the options of the instructors. The notes provide all the materials that are necessary but outside reading will assist in the fullest understanding. The course begins with a nuclear physics overview. The reader is led from the macroscopic world into the microscopic world of atoms and the elementary particles that constitute atoms. The particles, their masses and sizes and properties associated with radioactive decay and fission are introduced along with Einstein's mass-energy equivalence. Radioactive decay, nuclear reactions, radiation penetration, shielding and health-effects are discussed to understand protection in case of a criticality accident. Fission, the fission products, particles and energy released are presented to appreciate the dangers of criticality. Nuclear cross sections are introduced to understand the effectiveness of slow neutrons to produce fission. Chain reactors are presented as an economy; effective use of the neutrons from fission leads to more fission resulting in a power reactor or a criticality excursion. The six-factor formula …
Date:
March 1, 1992
Creator:
Fullwood, R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
(Environmental investigation of ground water contamination at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio)
An environmental investigation of ground water conditions has been undertaken at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB), Ohio to obtain data to assist in the evaluation of a potential removal action to prevent, to the extent practicable, migration of the contaminated ground water across Base boundaries. Field investigations were limited to the central section of the southwestern boundary of Area C and the Springfield Pike boundary of Area B. Further, the study was limited to a maximum depth of 150 feet below grade. Three primary activities of the field investigation were: (1) installation of 22 monitoring wells, (2) collection and analysis of ground water from 71 locations, (3) measurement of ground water elevations at 69 locations. Volatile organic compounds including trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, and/or vinyl chloride were detected in concentrations exceeding Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL) at three locations within the Area C investigation area. Ground water at the Springfield Pike boundary of Area B occurs in two primary units, separated by a thicker-than-expected clay layers. One well within Area B was determined to exceed the MCL for trichloroethylene.
Date:
March 1, 1992
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Least cost planning from a customer's perspective
In this paper, I offer some thoughts about least cost planning, not from the perspective of the regulator or utility, but from the perspective of a residential customer. The problem that I address is, as a homeowner in northern Virginia, I am about to make a long term fuel choice for my household, where the options include, natural gas, electricity and fuel oil. An additional choice is the energy efficiency capital investment in my home that could decrease my monthly fuel costs. My decision process, hopefully as a rational consumer, offers implications about the efficiency of various services provided by all three fuel suppliers, including the local natural gas distribution companies (LDC).
Date:
March 2, 1992
Creator:
Sutherland, R.J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Research and development of methods and tools for achieving and maintaining consensus processes in the face of change within and among government oversight agencies: Volume 1
This progress report summarizes our research activities under our consensus grant. In year four of the grant, we continued to capitalize on and benefit from historical events which drove our early emphasis on group process studies. Following our work on various procedures for bringing together groups such as the State and Tribal Government Working Group and the Stakeholders' Forum (both of which provide input to the Five-Year Waste Plan), we continue to observe these groups and collect data. We also began a configuration study involving the complex modeling of DOE's Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management (EM). Related to group process studies is the issue of the information requirements for individuals making decisions in consensus groups. Our information studies examined the requirements for decision-related information, frameworks for such information, and the effectiveness of information portrayed for decision making. However, we were able not only to continue studying consensus groups in action and related information issues, but also to focus considerable attention on the fundamental side of our research. The fundamental or basic research conducted in year four included: (1) expanding our literature database; (2) beginning the writing of the literature review summary document and the consensus guide; (3) developing …
Date:
March 1, 1992
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Investigation of Celotex trademark charring depths in the DT-18 shipping container
Celotex {trademark}, the insulating material used between the outer and inner containers of the DT-18 shipping package, undergoes decomposition, combustion, or both when heated to temperatures exceeding 150{degrees}C. Several DT-18 packages that had previously undergone hypothetical thermal accident testing were opened and Celotex {trademark} charring depths ranging from {1/2} to 1 {1/2} in. were recorded. The majority of char depth data taken was between 3/4 and 1 {1/4} in. One-dimensional HEATING 7.1 models of the DT-18 package were developed. HEATING predicts charring depths of 1 to 1 1/8 in., which are in good agreement with measured values. Both experimental and analytical data indicate that charring is fairly uniform over the DT-18 package. 7 refs.
Date:
March 1, 1992
Creator:
Anderson, J.C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
[Letter from Nancy Reynolds to Gail Davitt, March 11, 1992]
Photocopy of a letter from Nancy Reynolds, Project Coordiantor of North Texas Institute for Educators on the Visual Arts, to Gail Davitt, Dallas Museum of Art. To discuss the teacher packet for the "Africa Explores" exhibit that Davitt has sent to Reynolds. As well as discuss the upcoming summer institute and other activities that Davitt will find informative. Enclosed in the letter is a schedule for the DMA summer institute that shows when the districts will be visiting the museum. The rest of the letter goes into details about how large the parties from each district will be and details about what the events should cover.
Date:
March 11, 1992
Creator:
Reynolds, Nancy
Object Type:
Letter
System:
The UNT Digital Library
(Environmental investigation of ground water contamination at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio)
This report contains information related to the sampling and chemical analysis of ground water at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. It is part of a field investigation of ground water contamination.
Date:
March 1, 1992
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Polarization phenomena in projectile fragmentation process
The nuclear spin polarization of beta-emitting fragments {sup 37}K and {sup 39} Ca has been measured at around the grazing angle of the {sup 40}Ca + Au collision at 106 MeV/u. Momentum dependence of the observed fragment polarization supports the idea that the origin of the polarization is the orbital angular momentum held by the fragment part of the projectile before the collision takes place. The sizable polarization of about 5% that was observed for the fragments will be a powerful tool for NMR study of the fragments.
Date:
March 1, 1992
Creator:
Matsuta, K.; Ozawa, A.; Nojiri, Y.; Minamisono, T.; Fukuda, M.; Kitagawa, A. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development and testing of an air quality model for Mexico City
Los Alamos National Laboratory and Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo have embarked on a joint study of options for improving air quality in Mexico City. The intent is to develop a modeling system which can address the behavior of pollutants in the region so that option for improving Mexico City air quality can be properly evaluated. In February of 1991, the project conducted a field program which yielded a variety of data which is being used to evaluate and improve the models. Normally the worst air quality for both primary and photochemical pollutants occurs in the winter Mexico City. During the field program, measurements included: (1) lidar measurements of aerosol transport and dispersion, (2) aircraft measurements of winds, turbulence, and chemical species aloft, (3) aircraft measurements of earth surface skin temperatures, and (4) tethersonde measurements of wind, temperature and ozone vertical profiles. A three-dimensional, prognostic, higher order turbulence meteorological model (HOTMAC) was modified to include an urban canopy and urban heat sources. HOTMAC is used to drive an Monte-Carlo kernel dispersion code (RAPTAD). HOTMAC also provides winds and mixing heights for the CIT photochemical model which was developed by investigators at the California Institute of Technology and Carnegie Mellon University.
Date:
March 2, 1992
Creator:
Williams, M. D.; Streit, G. (Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States)); Cruz, X.; Ruiz, M.; Sosa, G. (Instituto Mexicano de Petroleo, Mexico City (Mexico)); Russell, A. G. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Finite element analysis of the SDC barrel and endcap calorimeters
In designing the SCD barrel and endcap calorimeters, the inter-module connecting forces must be known in order to determine the required size and number of connecting links between modules, and in order to understand how individual modules will be affected by these forces when assembled to form a full barrel and endcap. The connecting forces were found by analyzing three-dimensional Finite Element Models of both the barrel and endcap. This paper is divided into two parts, the first part will describe in detail the results of the barrel analysis and the second part will describe the results obtained from the endcap analysis. A similar approach was used in constructing the models for both analysis.
Date:
March 11, 1992
Creator:
Guarino, V.; Hill, N. & Nasiakta, J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory FY 1992 Site Development Plan
The Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory 1992 Site Development Plan (SDP) provides analysis and policy guidance for the effective use and orderly development of land and facilities at the LBL main site. The SDP directly supports LBL's role as a multiprogram national laboratory operated by the University of California for the DOE. It is a concise policy document, prepared in compliance with DOE Order 4320.1B and based on revisions to the 1991 Technical Site Information (TSI). It also serves as the current DOE framework for the implementation of the 1987 Long Range Development Plan (LRDP) approved by the Regents of the University of California. The SDP is updated annually, with periodic major revisions consistent with DOE policy and approved plans of the Regents. The specific purposed of the SDP are to: Summarize the mission and community setting of the Laboratory; describe program trends and projections and future resource requirements; describe site planning goals and future facilities and land uses; and describe site planning issues and potential solutions. The SDP concisely expresses the policies for future development based on planning concepts, the anticipated needs of research programs, and site potential and constraints. The 1992 TSI document and other planning data provide detailed support …
Date:
March 1, 1992
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Rocky Mountain 1 Underground Coal Gasification Project
The Rocky Mountain 1 Underground Coal Gasification Test or Burn was conducted from approximately mid-November, 1987 through February, 1988. After the burn the project began proceeding with the following overall tasks: venting, flushing and cooling of the cavities; subsurface or groundwater cleanup; post-burn coring and drilling; groundwater monitoring, and site restoration/reclamation. By the beginning of 1991 field activities associated with venting, flushing and cooling of the cavities and post-burn coring and drilling had been completed. However, data analysis continued including the University of North Dakota analyzing drilling and coring data, and the US Department of Energy (DOE)/EG G developing a chronological listing of project events.
Date:
March 1, 1992
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Precision fiducialization of transport components
The Final Focus Test Beam (FFTB) is a transport line designed to test both concept and advanced technology for application to future linear colliders. It is currently under construction at SLAC in the central beam line. Most of the quadrupoles of the FFTB have ab initio alignment tolerances of less than 30 microns, if the planned for beam based alignment tuning procedure is to converge. For such placement tolerances to have any meaning requires that the coordinates of the effective centers, seen by the beam particles, be tansferred to tooling (that can be reached by mechanical or optical alignment methods) located on the outside of the components to comparable or better values. We have constructed an apparatus that simultaneously locates to micron tolerances, the effective magnetic center of fussing lenses, as well as the electrical center of beam position monitors (BPM) imbedded therein, and once located, for transferring these coordinates to specially mounted tooling frames that supported the external retroreflectors used in a laser tracker based alignment of the beam line. Details of construction as well as experimental results from the method are presented.
Date:
March 1, 1992
Creator:
Fischer, G. E.; Bressler, V. E.; Cobb, J. K.; Jensen, D. R.; Ruland, R. E.; Walz, H. V. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Work plan to assess treatment of trench water from Waste Area Grouping 6 at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
Water from a selected waste disposal trench in Waste Area Grouping (WAG) 6 will be used to conduct a pilot-scale treatment assessment. The experiment will be designed to demonstrate whether adding WAG 6 trench water to the wastewater treatment facilities at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) will change the regulatory status of the solid wastes produced by these facilities. Laboratory-scale treatability tests conducted in 1990 showed that the existing ORNL wastewater treatment facilities could successfully treat the WAG 6 trench water to meet discharge requirements, but the tests did not address the regulatory status of the solid wastes produced by the treatment processes. A longer-term, larger-scale test will be performed to determine if these solid wastes will become hazardous as defined by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act when WAG 6 trench water is mixed with the existing process wastewater. These data are needed to determine the feasibility of adding the WAG 6 trench water to the treatment facilities.
Date:
March 1, 1992
Creator:
Taylor, P.A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Possible explosive compounds in the Savannah River Site waste tank farm facilities
Based on a comparison of the known constituents in high-level nuclear waste stored at the Savannah River Site (SRS) and explosive compounds reported in the literature, only two classes of explosive compounds (metal NO{sub x} compounds and organic compounds) were identified as requiring further work to determine if they exist in the waste, and if so, in what quantities. Of the fourteen classes of explosive compounds identified as conceivably being present in tank farm operations, nine classes (metal fulminates, metal azides, halogen compounds, metal-amine complexes, nitrate/oxalate mixtures, metal oxalates, metal oxohalogenates, metal cyanides/cyanates, and peroxides) are not a hazard because these classes of compounds cannot be formed or accumulated in sufficient quantity, or they are not reactive at the conditions which exist in the tank farm facilities. Three of the classes (flammable gases, metal nitrides, and ammonia compounds and derivatives) are known to have the potential to build up to concentrations at which an observable reaction might occur. Controls have been in place for some time to limit the formation or control the concentration of these classes of compounds. A comprehensive list of conceivable explosive compounds is provided in Appendix 3.
Date:
March 15, 1992
Creator:
Hobbs, D. T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ideal ballooning stability near an equilibrium magnetic island
The stability properties of ideal ballooning modes on toroidal flux surfaces near a quasistatic magnetic island is examined. On these surfaces, magnetic field-line trajectories tend to bunch on that part of the magnetic surface closet to the X-point of the magnetic island. Because of this preferential bunching, the stabilizing effect of field-line bending due to magnetic shear can be reduced. Eigenfunctions localized in helical angle near the X-point and in poloidal angle on the bad curvature side of the tokamak are more susceptible to ballooning instability than are modes in corresponding equilibria without the magnetic island. For a slowly growing island, a growing number of flux surfaces located near the separatrix become ballooning unstable. Secondary ballooning instabilities may play a part in the crash phase of sawteeth or macroscopic island dynamics.
Date:
March 1, 1992
Creator:
Hegna, C. C. & Callen, J. D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The polarized electron gun for the SLC
A new polarized electron gun for use on the SLC at SLAC has been built and tested. It is a diode gun with a laser driven GaAs photocathode. It is designed to provide short (2ns) pulses of 10 A at 160 kV at 120 Hz. The design features of the gun and results from a testing program on a new and dedicated beam line are presented. Early results from operation on the SLC will also be shown.
Date:
March 1, 1992
Creator:
Schultz, D. C.; Clendenin, J.; Frisch, J.; Hoyt, E.; Klaisner, L.; Woods, M. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Research and development of methods/utilities and rules for managing cooperation for performance improvement in government offices
On September 1, 1991, Defense Programs (DP) within the US Department of Energy entered into a research grant with Management Systems Laboratories (MSL) of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), to study Tools, Methods, and Rules for Managing Cooperation for Performance Improvement. Continuous performance improvement is a gradual, systematic process. The idea is to do a little better each day by knowing where you are, where you want to be, what you have to do to get there, whether or not you have done it, and how to resolve problems doing it. And, although many management decisions are made along direct lines of authority, much of the work of an organization can be achieved only through cooperation (people sharing information and coordinating effort). Therefore, continuous performance improvement requires working cooperatively to do a little better each day. We are researching the most effective configuration of tools working through what we believe is a closed set of nine methods. These methods are: setting expectations, charting, defining indicators and standards, collecting and logging data, converting data to information, organizing and presenting information, reviewing status and progress, self-management, and appraising. We believe that these methods form a closed set because they …
Date:
March 1, 1992
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Fatigue and environmentally assisted cracking in light water reactors
Fatigue and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) for low-alloy steel used in piping and in steam generator and reactor pressure vessels have been investigated. Fatigue data were obtained on medium-sulfur-content A533-Gr B and A106-Gr B steels in high-purity (HP) deoxygenated water, in simulated pressurized water reactor water, and in air. Analytical studies focused on the behavior of carbon steels in boiling water reactor (BWR) environments. Crack-growth rates of composite fracture-mechanics specimens of A533-Gr B/Inconel-182/Inconel-600 (plated with nickel) and homogeneous specimens of A533-Gr B steel were determined under small-amplitude cyclic loading in HP water with {approx}300 pbb dissolved oxygen. Radiation-induced segregation and irradiation-assisted SCC of Type 304 SS after accumulation of relatively high fluence also have been investigated. Microchemical and microstructural changes in HP and commercial-purity Type 304 SS specimens from control-blade absorber tubes used in two operating BWRs were studied by Auger electron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and slow-strain-rate tensile tests were conducted on tubular specimens in air and in simulated BWR water at 289{degrees}C.
Date:
March 1, 1992
Creator:
Kassner, T.F.; Ruther, W.E.; Chung, H.M.; Hicks, P.D.; Hins, A.G.; Park, J.Y. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library