We report here the first observation of inclusive {Lambda}{sup 0}, {bar {Lambda}}{sup 0}, K{sub s}{sup 0} production in nucleus-nucleus collisions at 14.5 GeV/n. 11 refs., 6 figs.

It is believed that a good bet for finding the Quark-Gluon Plasma at AGS energies is with the heaviest projectiles on the heaviest target, i.e. Au on Au. One of the likely signatures of the plasma is strangeness enhancement. Al Saulys has shown what it's like to find {Delta} and K{degree} with Si projectiles. Our Monte Carlo simulations show track densities 4 times higher for Au projectiles. In addition, the Au beam itself produces 30 times more ionization. Thus the present TPC's will be limited to only a few hundred ions per sec. This paper discusses plans for these experiments and modification to TPC. 9 figs.

The tracking detector of AGS Experiment 810 is a three-piece Time Projection Chamber (TPC) intended to measure all charged tracks in the forward hemisphere of the nucleon-nucleon center of mass system, i.e. forward of an angle of about 20 degrees in the lab. Each module of the TPC contains twelve rows of short anode wires which give 3-D space points on each track, but no dE/dx information useable for particle identification. The TPC was operated in a beam of silicon ions at the end of June 1989 and this talk reports the results of analysis of the data taken with a thin gold target in that run. We have gathered a similar amount of data from thin copper and silicon targets, the analysis of which is in a less advanced state. The results of our investigation of the neutral strange particle decays appear in a separate contribution by Al Saulys. This paper presents the current state of the analysis of the charged tracks from the silicon gold collisions. 1 ref., 15 figs.

This talk deals with {Lambda}, K{sub s}{sup 0} and {bar {Lambda}} production with 14.5 GeV/c Silicon beams. Why study {Lambda}{sup 0} production Because the study of strangeness is an important part of the search for Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP). Many models predict an enhancement of strangeness in a QGP as compared to the amount of strangeness produced in a superposition of nucleon-nucleon interactions. The amount of enhancement varies from model to model. Even if no QGP is detected at AGS energies using Si beams, it is important to understand the production mechanisms in quantitative detail so that standard nucleon-nucleon production mechanism can be distinguished from QGP formation. The advantage of measuring strangeness production by measuring V{sup 0} production is that V{sup 0}'s can be identified by kinematics without the use of any special particle ID detectors. The disadvantage is that usually large aperture detectors are required. Experiment 810 has the needed large aperture. This talk describes the technique and results of V{sup 0} production from {approximately}9000 interactions of Si in a 1 mil (25 micron) Au target recorded in June 1989. 13 figs., 1 tab.

New short-pulse laser technology has made possible the production of extremely bright laser sources. The use of these new techniques on large scale Nd:Glass based laser systems would make it possible to produce 1000 TW (Petawatt) pulses. Such pulses would yield focused intensities exceeding 10{sup 21}W/cm{sup 2} corresponding to an electric field in excess of 100 e/a{sub 0}{sup 2} and an energy density equivalent to that of a 10 keV blackbody. Such a source would have important applications in x-ray laser research and lead to a fundamentally new class of experiments in atomic, nuclear, solid state, plasma and high-energy density physics. Such a facility could be constructed with existing chirped-pulse'' technology. A one-year period of research addressing outstanding technical questions can extend the technology resulting in a more compact and cost effective design. For this reason, we are seeking a Director's Initiative grant in the amount of $590,000 for FY89 to investigate these issues. An equivalent amount in personnel and facilities would be provided by Y-Division. The study will include development of a chirped-pulse'' front-end capable of producing laser pulses of 2 J at 1.053 {mu}m with a 1 psec pulsewidth laser. Upon completion, this front-end will be installed on …

I report on the scientific aspects of my US/USSR Interacademy Exchange Visit to the Soviet Union. My research was conducted at three different institutes: the Lebedev Physical Institute in Moscow, the Leningrad Nuclear Physics Institute in Gatchina, and the Yerevan Physics Institute in Soviet Armenia. I included relevant information about the Soviet educational system, salaries of Soviet physicists, work habits and research activities at the three institutes, and the relevance of that research to work going on in the United States. 18 refs.

With the emphasis placed on current drive by ITER, which requires steady state operation in its engineering phase, it is important to bring theory and experiment in agreement for each of the schemes that could be used in that design. Both neutral beam and lower hybrid (LH) schemes are in excellent shape in that regard. Since the projected efficiency of all schemes is marginal it is also important to continue our search for more efficient processes. This workshop featured experimental and theoretical work in each processes. This workshop featured experimental and theoretical work in each of these areas, that is, validation of theory and the search for better ideas. There were a number of notable results to report, the most striking again (as with last year) the long pulse operation of TRIAM-1M. A low current was sustained for over 1 hour with LH waves, using new hall-effect sensors in the equilibrium field circuit to maintain position control. In JT-60, by sharpening the wave spectrum the current drive efficiency was improved to 0.34 {times} 10{sup 20}m{sup -2}A/W and 1.5 MA of current was driven entirely by the lower hybrid system. Also in that machine, using two different LH frequencies, the H-mode …

A series of pressurization tests of a 3.5-km deep body of jointed crystalline rock has shown that both the pressure deformation (i.e., dilation) of the region and the boundary permeation are nonlinear functions of the effective stress. This is because the apertures for both the joints and microcracks are strong functions of the effective normal stress acting to close them. For a surface pressure increase from zero to 7.5 MPa, the fluid storage in the natural joints and microcracks in this 0.3 km{sup 3} volume of rock increased by 1470 m{sup 3}. The corresponding increase in fluid storage between 7.5 and 15 MPa was 1090 m{sup 3}. However, even at a surface pressure level of 15 MPa, the permeation loss rate from this large volume of rock is only 0.3 l/s after six months of pressure maintenance. Using transient nonlinear numerical modeling, it is shown that the pressure-dependent fracture permeability model of Gangi, and the fracture porosity equivalent, adequately represent the measured permeability and porosity data obtained to date from this continuing series of pressurization experiments.

This paper makes an overview of developments in the wire chamber aging field since the wire chamber aging workshop held at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California on January 16--17, 1986. The author discusses new techniques to analyze the gas impurities and the wire aging products, wire nonaging'' in clean systems, wire aging in systems containing various impurities, various examples of problems which can prime'' surfaces prior to the occurrence of the aging, and some recent aging experience with the SSC micro-straw tubes.'' 35 refs., 10 figs., 2 tabs.

WES is an expert system designed at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory for interpreting well test data. The results of WES's analyses of two geothermal well tests are compared to those calculated using traditional methods. WES is well suited for analyzing well tests in geothermal systems because it is robust enough to carry out analyses of data sets that are noisy or incomplete. It also has a broad knowledge base that recognizes most of the hydrogeologic characteristics observed in geothermal systems, such as double- porosity, fractures, and leaky or sealed boundaries. Application of expert systems for analyzing geothermal well tests has several advantages, including: providing clear documentation of the procedures used in the analysis; providing on-site expertise to guide the testing program; providing a greater knowledge base than a single expert may have; and, greatly decreasing the time required for these analyses. Over the next decade expert systems will become an integral part of resource definition and development programs. This paper provides just one example of how expert systems can be used. 25 refs., 16 figs., 3 tabs.

The SSCTRK numerical simulation code has been used to estimate the benefit of increasing the SSC dipole aperture from 4 to 5 cm. The increase in maximum amplitude of stable betatron oscillations depends on the level to which systematic errors have been corrected. Two cases have been studied, a highly corrected ring and a ring with limited corrections. The maximum stable amplitude increase is approximately a factor of the ring with limited systematic corrections. The aperture comparison has been made at 10{sup 5} revolutions. Magnetic error assumptions are described in detail and a new table of errors suggested for future simulations is given. 8 figs., 6 tabs.

The purpose of this paper is to summarize briefly the distribution and geologic characteristics of basaltic volcanism in the Yucca Mountain region during the last 10--12 Ma. This interval largely postdates the major period of silicic volcanism and coincides with and postdates the timing of major extensional faulting in the region. Field and geochronologic data for the basaltic rocks define two distinct episodes. The patterns in the volume and spatial distribution of these basaltic volcanic episodes in the central and southern part of the SNVF are used as a basis for forecasting potential future volcanic activity in vicinity of Yucca Mountain. 33 refs., 2 figs.

The possibility of forming a quark-gluon plasma is the primary motivation for studying nucleus-nucleus collisions at very high energies. Various signatures'' for the existence of a quark-gluon plasma in these collisions have been proposed. These include an enhancement in the production of strange particles, suppression of J/{Psi} production, observation of direct photons from the plasma, event-by-event fluctuations in the rapidity distributions of produced particles, and various other observables. However, the system will evolve dynamically from a pure plasma or mixed phase through expansion, cooling, hadronization and freezeout into the final state particles. Therefore, to be able to determine that a new, transient state of matter has been formed it will be necessary to understand the space-time evolution of the collision process and the microscopic structure of hadronic interactions, at the level of quarks and gluons, at high temperatures and densities. In this talk I will review briefly the present state of our understanding of the dynamics of these collisions and, in addition, present a few recent results on particle production from the NA35 experiment at CERN. 21 refs., 5 figs.

A tremendous amount of work has been done over the course of the past several years on the design of dipole magnets for the SSC main collider. Although they dominate the total magnet cost for the project and thus deserve the tremendous research and development effort they have received, the main ring magnets represent only part of the magnet requirements for the SSC. This paper presents the work to date on the design of dipole magnets for the SSC high energy booster (HEB). A complete discussion of the design is beyond the scope of this work. Rather it serves as an overview of the main aspects of the complete design. 4 refs., 7 figs.

The generation of higher multipoles due to the magnetization of the superconductor in the dipoles of the SSC is a problem during injection of the beam into the machine. The use of passive superconductor was proposed some years ago to correct the magnetization sextupole in the dipole magnet. This paper presents the LBL test results in which the magnetization sextupole was greatly reduced in two one-meter long dipole magnets by the use of passive superconductor mounted on the magnet bore tube. The magnetization sextupole was reduced a factor of five on one magnet and a factor of eight on the other magnet using this technique. Magnetization decapole was also reduced by the passive superconductor. The passive superconductor method of correction also reduced the temperature dependence of the magnetization multipoles. In addition, the drift in the magnetization sextupole due to flux creep was also reduced. Passive superconductor correction appears to be a promising method of correcting out the effects of superconductor magnetization in SSC dipoles and quadrupoles. 10 refs., 6 figs.

Characterization of high-temperature materials behavior in a neutron environment will be required to develop reliable performance prediction models for high-temperature gas-cooled, space power, and fusion reactors. One vehicle by which material behavior in a fast neutron environment can be studied is the Materials Open Test Assembly (MOTA) in the Fast Flux Facility (FFTF). Until recently, irradiation temperatures in the MOTA were limited to 1075 K. A recent successful experiment, however, has extended the temperature capability in the MOTA to 1500 K. This report describes the design and performance of high-temperature capsules that were used in that experiment. Each of eight uniquely designed instrumented capsules (which contained refractory metal specimens) operated at an irradiation temperature between 1290 and 1500 K. Temperatures within {plus}/{minus}10 K of target were maintained in seven of the eight capsules during the 335-day irradiation. Data obtained during the experiment clearly showed the advantages of having a temperature control system for high-temperature irradiation capsules. 7 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.

The Fast Flux Facility (FFTF) is a demonstration and test facility of the sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor. A power addition'' to the facility is being considered to convert some of the dumped, unused heat into electricity generation. Components and piping systems to be added are sodium-water steam generators, sodium loop extensions from existing dump heat exchangers to sodium-water steam generators, and conventional water/steam loops. The sodium loops can be subjected to the dynamic loadings of pressure pulses that are caused by postulated sodium leaks and subsequent sodium-water reaction in the steam generator. The existing FFTF secondary pipes and the new power addition sodium loops were evaluated for exposure to the dynamic effect of the sodium-water reaction. Elastic and simplified inelastic dynamic analyses were used in this feasibility study. The results indicate that both the maximum strain and strain range are within the allowable limits. Several cycles of the sodium-water reaction can be sustained by the sodium pipes that are supported by ordinary pipe supports and seismic restraints. Expensive axial pipe restraints to withstand the sodium-water reaction loads are not needed, because the pressure-pulse-induced alternating bending stresses act as secondary stresses and the pressure pulse dynamic effect is a deformation-controlled quantity …

Langmuir probe measurements have been made across the plasma boundary in helium discharges of varying central electron densities in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR). Radial profiles of ion saturation current density, I{sub s}, electron density, n{sub e}, and electron temperature, T{sub e}, were achieved by small displacements of the plasma relative to a stationary probe. Scrape-off lengths outside the plasma boundary decreased somewhat with increasing plasma density. Inside the plasma, I{sub s}, n{sub e}, and T{sub e} rose more steeply for the higher densities than the scrape-off lengths would predict. The floating potential, V{sub f}, decreased sharply inside the boundary as expected, with some density dependence. I{sub s} and n{sub e} increased with plasma density, while T{sub e} decreased a few eV. Measurements of C II emission at the inner wall combined with probe data support a relatively constant edge T{sub e} with increasing plasma density and a constant ratio between the fluxes of helium and carbon ions. 14 refs., 5 figs.

This report discusses concepts of elastic scattering and cross sections of proton-proton interactions. (LSP)

Emergency preparedness for industry was commonly believed to be an essential responsibility on the part of management. Therefore, this study was conducted to research and accumulate information and data on emergency preparedness at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The objective of this study was to conduct a thorough evaluation of emergency preparedness knowledge among employees to determine if they were properly informed or if they needed more training. Also, this study was conducted to provide insight to management as to what their responsibility was concerning this training. To assess employee emergency preparedness knowledge, a questionnaire was developed and administered to 100 employees at ORNL. The data was analyzed using frequencies and percentages of response and was displayed through the use of graphs within the report. 22 refs., 22 figs.

The article reviews the new theoretical developments for the CP-parameter {epsilon}{prime}/{epsilon} and its intimate connection with the mass of a heavy top quark. 22 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.

During 1989 and the beginning of 1990, approximately 150,000 feet of cable was manufactured for use in the SSC Model Dipole Magnet Program. The wire for the cable was made to SSC specifications by three different manufacturers. The cable was made at New England Electric Wire on the SSC Production Cabling Machine, under supervision of either SSC Laboratory personnel or the wire manufacturer's representative. All the cable produced for SSC model dipoles was subjected to rigorous inspection in order to insure that ths magnet construction and performance would be predictable. The cable dimensions were measured at intervals of 10 feet or less with a cable measuring machine. Electrical properties were measured on samples from one end of each cable length. Critical current degradation due to cabling was checked by measuring the critical currents of the wires used to make the cable and comparing these with the cable critical current. The results of the dimensional and electrical measurements will be discussed and compared with the SSC specification requirements.

The Stanford Linear Accelerator Center has recently completed a conversion to IBM's VM/XA SP Release 2 operating system. The primary physics application had been constrained by the previous 16 megabyte memory limit. Work is underway to enable this application to exploit the new features of VM/XA. This paper presents a brief tutorial on how to convert an application to exploit VM/XA and discusses some of the SLAC experiences in doing so. 13 figs.

The US Department of Energy is characterizing Yucca Mountain, Nevada, to assess its suitability as a potential site for the permanent disposal of high-level radioactive waste from nuclear power plants and defense related activities. The assessment activities include surface investigations, drill holes from the surface, and an underground facility for in situ characterization tests. This underground exploratory shaft facility is being designed to meet the criteria for characterizing the mountain as described in the Site Characterization Plan. 9 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.