Quarterly report discussing fuel cell research and development work at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). This report describes work aimed at understanding and improving the performance of fuel cells having molten alkali-carbonate mixtures as electrolytes; the fuel cells operate at temperatures near 925 K.

Report issued by the Argonne National Laboratory discussing single-phase water loop systems. As stated in the introduction, "the principal objective of this study was to determine the reliability of the calculations based upon numerical solutions of finite-difference energy and flow equations" (p. 9). This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.

Report on the ongoing environmental monitoring program at Argonne National Laboratory.

Annual report of the environmental monitoring program at Argonne National Laboratory, discussing activities and findings of the group.

Annual report discussing results of environmental monitoring program to determine Argonne operations' effect on environment.

This report covers the research, development, and management activities of the programs at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) and at contractors' laboratories on high-temperature batteries during the period October 1978-September 1979. These batteries are being developed for electric-vehicle propulsion and for stationary energy-storage applications. The present cells, which operate at 400-500 C, are of a vertically oriented, prismatic design with one or more inner positive electrodes of FeS or FeS2, facing negative electrodes of lithium-aluminum or lithium-silicon alloy, and molten LiCl-KC1 electrolyte.

This conference evolved out of an idea that originated Department of Energy contractor's meeting in Gettysburg to have a conference devoted to topics of interest to both radiation chemists and physicists in radiation research. Radiation chemists tend to operate in a time domain where chemical reactions can be observed and to deduce values from that data. Meanwhile, physicists naturally focus considerable attention on initial energy deposition events and perform calculations which should predict the same initial yields. Contributed papers and remarks have been grouped according to broad subjects.

Report issued by the Argonne National Laboratory discussing the progress and work completed between February and April, 1949. Descriptions of the studies conducted and progress made are presented. This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.

Quarterly progress report summarizing work done in Argonne National Laboratory's Applied Physics Division including: reactor safety research and technical coordination of the Reactor Safety Research safety analysis program.

Quarterly progress report summarizing work done in Argonne National Laboratory's Applied Physics Division and Components Technology Division. The work in the Applied Physics Division includes reports on reactor safety program by members of the Reactor Safety Appraisals Group, Monte Carlo analysis of safety-related critical assembly experiments by members of the Theoretical Fast Reactor Physics Group, and Planning of Safety-Related (ZPR) Planning and Experiments Group. Work on reactor core thermal-hydraulic code development performed in the Components Technology Division is also included in this report.

The third phase of the gas cooled fast reactor (GCFR) program, ZPR-9 Assembly 30, is based on a multi-zoned core of PuO2-UO2 with radial and axial blankets of uranium dioxide. Studies performed in this assembly will be compared to the previous phases of the GCFR program and will help to define parameters in this power-flattened demonstration plant-type core. Measurements in the Phase III program included small sample reactivity worths of various materials, central reaction rates and reaction rate distributions, absorption-to-fission ratios and the central point conversion ratio and the worth of steam entry into a small central zone. The reactivity change associated with the construction of a central pin zone in the core and axial blanket was measured. Reaction rate and steam entry measurements were repeated in the pin environment. Standard analysis methods using ENDF/B-IV data are described and the results are compared to measurements performed during the program.

Annual report of the Argonne National Laboratory Chemical Engineering Division regarding studies of nuclear waste migration in geologic media. This report discusses research regarding confinement of nuclear waste in geologic formations as a method of permanently disposing of the waste.

Highlights of the Chemical Technology (CMT) Division's activities during 1989 are presented. In this period, CMT conducted research and development in the following areas: (1) electrochemical technology, including high-performance batteries (mainly lithium/iron sulfide and sodium/metal chloride), aqueous batteries (lead-acid and nickel/iron), and advanced fuel cells with molten carbonate and solid oxide electrolytes; (2) coal utilization, including the heat and seed recovery technology for coal-fired magnetohydrodynamics plants and the technology for fluidized-bed combustion; (3) method, for recovery of energy from municipal waste and techniques for treatment of hazardous organic waste; (4) nuclear technology related to a process for separating and recovering transuranic elements from nuclear waste and for producing 99Mo from low-enriched uranium targets, the recovery processes for discharged fuel and the uranium blanket in a sodium-cooled fast reactor (the Integral Fast Reactor), and waste management; and (5) physical chemistry of selected materials in environments simulating those of fission and fusion energy systems.

Annual report of the Argonne National Laboratory Chemical Technology Division (CMT) discussing the group's activities during 1991. These included electrochemical technology; fossil fuel research; hazardous waste research; nuclear waste programs; separation science and technology; integral fast reactor pyrochemical processes; actinite recovery; applied physical chemistry; basic chemistry research; analytical chemistry; research and development; and computer applications.

Annual report of the Argonne National Laboratory Radiological and Environmental Research Division regarding activities related to molecular physics and chemistry.

Annual report of the Argonne National Laboratory Radiological and Environmental Research Division regarding the activities and research of the Center for Human Radiobiology.

Report issued by the Argonne National Laboratory covering the quarterly report from the Reactor Engineering Division. A summary of reactor programs, research, designs, development, and experiments are presented. This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.

The interim report presented describes a continuation of the work reported in ANL-7890, Interaction of Sodium with Molten Uranium dioxide and Stainless Steel Using a Dropping Mode of Contact. In the current study, sodium was injected into a pool of molten uranium dioxide. The experiment consistently produced vapor explosions, both with the injection nozzle above and beneath the surface of the uranium dioxide. Although the efficiency of the conversion of thermal to mechanical energy was small (due in part to very conservative data analysis and an inefficient geometry), the results did demonstrate that there is no intrinsic reason why reactor materials cannot produce a vapor explosion.

Report describing the Argonaut Reactor located at the Argonne National Laboratory. Photographs and descriptive drawings of the reactor are included.

The research, development, and management activities done in preparation for in-vehicle testing of engineering-scale lithium/metal sulfide batteries are described. These activities were carried out at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) from October 1977 to September 1978. Over the past year, lead--acid batteries were tested both in the laboratory and in a Renault automobile. The data obtained from these tests will be used to assess the performance of lithium/metal sulfide batteries. Testing of a 40 kWh lithium/metal sulfide battery in a vehicle is planned for early 1979. The equipment needed to evaluate the performance of this battery was designed and fabricated. Testing of this equipment is expected to begin at the end of 1978. In order to carry out the above in-vehicle test, the lithium/metal sulfide battery must have a thermally efficient case and a charger. Construction of such a case is in progress. A portable charger/equalizer that has the capability of charging up to six lithium/metal sulfide cells was fabricated.

A Ca-Al-Si/FeS2 cell has been developed and has exhibited reasonably stable capacity through 3200 h of operation. This system is expected to be capable of meeting the ultimate performance goals (i.e., 160 W.h/kg) of this development program. Further tests of this cell system in the coming year will better define its ultimate performance capabilities.

A program has been established for DOE Environmental Restoration and Waste Management (EM) to evaluate factors that are likely to affect waste glass reaction during repository disposal, with emphasis on an unsaturated environment typical of what may be expected for the proposed Yucca Mountain repository site.

Although the Dirac theory of the hydrogen atom was proposed more than half a century ago, extension of the theory and its practical applications to complex atomic spectra took decades to mature. Development of quantum electrodynamics (QED) in its modern form, advances in high precision experimental techniques, and invention of high-speed computers have made atomic spectroscopy one of the most accurate branches of physics today, both in theory and experiment. In addition to a long-standing need to identify line-spectra coming from far and near parts of the universe, necessities such as to test QED further and to provide reliable data for ions in tokamak plasmas require an understanding of the theory of relativistic atomic structure beyond the framework of the original Dirac theory. Twenty articles from the proceedings of the workshop are presented. Contributed papers are grouped into theoretical and experimental subjects and presented after the papers for the second (atomic structure calculations) and third (experiment) sessions of the Workshop. Alphabetical listing of the authors is presented in Appendix 1, program of the Workshop in Appendix 2, and the list of the participants in Appendix 3.

This study was to determine the concentration and chemical nature of lead (Pb) aerosols produced during the firing of artillery and to determine the exposures and biological responses of crew members exposed to lead aerosols during such firing. The concentrations of lead-containing aerosols at crew positions depended on wind conditions, with higher concentrations when firing into a head wind. Aerosol concentrations were highest in the muzzle blast zone. Concentrations of lead in the blood of crew members rose during the first 12 days of exposure to elevated airborne lead concentrations and then leveled off. There was no rapid decrease in blood lead concentrations after completion of firing. Small decreases in hematocrit and small increases in free erythrocyte porphyrin were correlated with increasing exposure to airborne lead. These changes were reversed by seven weeks after firing. Changes in nerve conduction velocity had borderline statistical significance to airborne lead exposure. In measuring nerve conduction velocity, differences in skin temperature must be taken into account.