We have extracted polarized nucleon distributions from recent data at CERN, SLAC and DESY. The flavor-dependent valence and sea quark spin distributions are determined for each experiment. We take into account possible differences in the up and down sea distributions, and assume that the strange sea contribution is suppressed by mass effects. Physics results determined from different experiments are compared, including higher order corrections.

The (La{sub 1{minus}} x Sr{sub x}){sub 3}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 7} compounds are layered materials that exhibit higher magneto-resistance than the corresponding 3D manganite perovskites. Quasi-elastic neutron scattering on a polycrystalline sample of La{sub 1.4}Sr{sub 1.6}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 7} shows that the spin fluctuation spectrum of the these layered CMR materials is qualitatively similar to those found in the perovskite manganites (La,Ca)MnO{sub 3}; their concentration, lifetime, and coherence length increase as T decreases to T{sub c}. Unlike the perovskites we find a lower spin-diffusion constant above T{sub c} of {approximately}5 meV {angstrom}{sup 2}.

This paper briefly summarizes requirements of site characterization for Natural Phenomena Hazards (NPH) at DOE sites. In order to comply with DOE Order 5480.28, site characterization criteria has been developed to provide site-specific information needed for development of NPH assessment criteria. Appropriate approaches are outlined to ensure that the current state-of-the-art methodologies and procedures are used in the site characterization. General and detailed site characterization requirements are provided in the areas of meteorology, hydrology, geology, seismology and geotechnical studies.

The Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP) is a Multicampus Research Unit of the University of California (UC). IGPP was founded in 1946 at UC Los Angeles with a charter to further research in the earth and planetary sciences and in related fields. The Institute now has branches at UC campuses in Los Angeles, San Diego, and Riverside, and at Los Alamos and Lawrence Livermore national laboratories. The University-wide IGPP has played an important role in establishing interdisciplinary research in the earth and planetary sciences. For example, IGPP was instrumental in founding the fields of physical oceanography and space physics, which at the time fell between the cracks of established university departments. Because of its multicampus orientation, IGPP has sponsored important interinstitutional consortia in the earth and planetary sciences. Each of the five branches has a somewhat different intellectual emphasis as a result of the interplay between strengths of campus departments and Laboratory programs. The IGPP branch at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) was approved by the Regents of the University of California in 1982. IGPP-LLNL emphasizes research in seismology, geochemistry, cosmochemistry, and astrophysics. It provides a venue for studying the fundamental aspects of these fields, thereby complementing LLNL …

The cloud chamber is a means of observing the path of ionizing radiation. It does not reveal the radiation directly, but gives a visible trail of the path along which the radiation has traveled. The trail is formed by vapor condensing upon pairs of ions remaining after an ionizing particle has passed through the medium. The mutual interaction among rays, atoms, nuclei, and particles, can be studied and measured with the aid of vapor trails. Measurements of changes in direction and range as recorded on the photographs may be interpreted in terms of changes in momentum and energy of the particles in these reactions. To obtain a precision measurement is difficult with a cloud chamber. The dependence of the apparatus upon a sudden gas expansion is certain to create distortions resulting from turbulence. Furthermore, since any radiation is subject to variations, precision measurements can be obtained only be the collection of numerous observations for statistical analysis. This document details the design, operation, and limitations of cloud chambers.

This paper focuses on the lessons learned during the decontamination and decommissioning (D and D) of two reactors at Argonne National Laboratory-East (ANL-E). The Experimental Boiling Water Reactor (EBWR) was a 100 MW(t), 5 MSV(e) proof-of-concept facility. The Janus Reactor was a 200 kW(t) reactor located at the Biological Irradiation Facility and was used to study the effects of neutron radiation on animals.

{sup 3}H (Tritium) is required for maintenance of nuclear weapons in the stockpile. The National Defense need for {sup 3}H was historically met by the Savannah River Facility. This facility is no longer safe for operation. {sup 3}H decays with a mean lifetime {tau} = 17.8 y, and therefore new methods of {sup 3}H production are required to meet US military requirements. Irradiation of {sup 7}Li by low-energy photons produces tritium ({sup 3}H) via the photodisintegration process. Waste heat from the {sup 7}Li target can be extracted and used for the direct generation of electricity. Other advantages include: negligible residual radioactivity, simple target technology, small low-energy electron accelerators for bremsstrahlung production (the photon source), developed liquid metal technology, modularity, simple extraction of {sup 3}H from a recirculating {sup 7}Li target, abundant supply of {sup 7}Li, and straightforward target-accelerator-bremsstrahlung converter interface. A schematic plant characterized by very low risk is described, and a figure-of-merit is obtained.

Recently there has been a lot of interest in models in which gravity becomes strong at the TeV scale. The observed weakness of gravitational interactions is then explained by the existence of extra compact dimensions of space, which are accessible to gravity but not to Standard Model particles. In this letter we consider graviton emission into these extra dimensions from a hot supernova core. The phenomenology of SN1987A places strong constraints on this energy loss mechanism, allowing us to derive a bound on the fundamental Planck scale. For the case of two extra dimensions we obtain a very strong bound of M {ge} 50 TeV, which corresponds to a radius R {le} 0.3 {micro}m. While there are a lot of sources of uncertainty associated with this bound, we find that pushing it down to the few-TeV range, which could in principle be probed by ground-based experiments, is disfavored. For three or more extra dimensions the SN1987A constraints do not exclude a TeV gravitational scale.

Neutron diffuse scattering in the form of rod-like features are observed in single crystals of the layered CMR material La{sub 2{minus}2x}Sr{sub 1+2x}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 7} (x=0.4,0.36), consistent with the presence of 2D ferromagnetic spin correlations. These diffuse features are observed over a wide temperature region, however, their coherence length does not appear to diverge at T{sub c}, although there is evidence of the development of three-dimensional correlations around ferromagnetic reflections of the 3D-ordered magnetic structure close to T{sub c}. Quasi-elastic neutron scattering on a ceramic sample of x = 0.3 shows that the lifetime of these ferromagnetic correlations increases at T {r_arrow} T{sub c}. They exhibit a spin-diffusion constant above T{sub c} of {approximately}5 meV {angstrom}{sup 2}, much lower than that reported for La{sub 2/3}Ca{sub 1/3}MnO{sub 3}. We discuss the relationship of these magnetic correlations to models of the ferromagnetic transition in CMR compounds.

Sodium chromate has been an effective corrosion inhibitor for the cooling coil systems in Savannah River Site (SRS) waste tanks for over 40 years. Due to their age and operating history, cooling coils occasionally fail allowing chromate water to leak into the environment. When the leaks spill 10 lbs. or more of sodium chromate over a 24-hr period, the leak incidents are classified as Unusual Occurrences (UO) per CERCLA (Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act). The cost of reporting and cleaning up chromate spills prompted High Level Waste Engineering (HLWE) to initiate a study to investigate alternative tank cooling water inhibitor systems and the associated cost of replacement. Several inhibitor systems were investigated as potential alternatives to sodium chromate. All would have a lesser regulatory impact, if a spill occurred. However, the conversion cost is estimated to be $8.5 million over a period of 8 to 12 months to convert all 5 cooling systems. Although each of the alternative inhibitors examined is effective in preventing corrosion, there is no inhibitor identified that is as effective as chromate. Assuming 3 major leaks a year (the average over the past several years), the cost of maintaining the existing inhibitor was estimated …

The AWC TRUclean System has been proposed as a method to reduce the volume of LSA waste during D&D excavation of Pu-238 contaminated soils on the Mound Site and Pu-238 contaminated sediments in the Miami-Erie Canal. Following test runs with Mound soil, AWC suggested that the TRUclean Process could reduce the amount of LSA waste by greater than 90% if a machine could be built and used to process the Mound soil. The cost savings which could potentially be realized by assuming this magnitude of volume reduction were thought to be significant on large projects. These preliminary results suggested that a review of the TRUclean Process and the 1987 test results should be performed to determine a course of action. The AWC TRUclean Process and the test data have been evaluated and the potential effectiveness of the process determined for use on Mound soils and/or on the sediments in the Miami-Erie Canal.

Spare parts for equipment installed in the tank dome space or pump or valve pits should not be inventoried onsite due to the extensive, time-consuming work package planning, personnel/equipment mobilization, and funding requirements that are prerequisites to any repair or replacement. These issues provide adequate time to procure parts from offsite sources. All parts listed in this inventory can either be stocked in the DynCorp Tri-Cities Services, Inc., 2101-M Warehouse, or are available from the vendor/manufacturer.

Our ability to generate data far outstrips our ability to explore and understand it. The true value of this data lies not in its final size or complexity, but rather in our ability to exploit the data to achieve scientific goals. The data generated by programs such as ASCI have such a large scale that it is impractical to manually analyze, explore, and understand it. As a result, useful information is overlooked, and the potential benefits of increased computational and data gathering capabilities are only partially realized. The difficulties that will be faced by ASCI applications in the near future are foreshadowed by the challenges currently facing astrophysicists in making full use of the data they have collected over the years. For example, among other difficulties, astrophysicists have expressed concern that the sheer size of their data restricts them to looking at very small, narrow portions at any one time. This narrow focus has resulted in the loss of ``serendipitous`` discoveries which have been so vital to progress in the area in the past. To solve this problem, a new generation of computational tools and techniques is needed to help automate the exploration and management of large scientific data. This …

One new Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) groundwater monitoring well was installed at the 216-U-12 crib in September 1998 in support of Tri-Parly Agreement (Ecology 1996) milestone M-24-36. The new well is 299-W22-79 and is a downgradient well in the groundwater monitoring network. There are a total of six wells in the groundwater monitoring network for the 216-U-12 crib and their locations are shown on Figure 1. The groundwater assessment monitoring plan for the 216-U-12 crib (Chou and Williams 1993) describes the hydrogeology of the 200 West Area and the 216-U-12 crib area. An Interim Change Notice to the assessment plan provides justification for the well (Chou and Williams 1997). The new well was constructed to the specifications and requirements described in Washington Administrative Code (WAC) 173-160, and WAC-173-303, and in Chou and Williams (1997). This document compiles information on the drilling and construction, well development and permanent pump installation applicable to well 299-W22-79. Appendix A contains the geologist's log, the Well Construction Summary Report, and Well Summary Sheet (as-built diagram). Additional documentation concerning well construction is on file with Bechtel Hanford, Inc., Richland, Washington. English units are used in this report because they are used by drillers to …

Four new Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) groundwater monitoring wells were installed at the single-shell tank farm Waste Management Area (WMA) TX-TY during August through November of 1998 in fi,dfillment of Tri-Party Agreement (Eoology 1996) milestone M-24-38. The wells are 299-W1O-26, 299-W14-13, 299-W14-14, and 299-W15-40. Well 299-W1O-26 is located outside the east fence of the TY tank farm and replaces downgradient well299-W1O-18; well 299-W14-13 is located along the east fence near the northeast corner of the TX tank f- and replaces downgradient well 299-W14-12; well 299-W14-14 is located outside the east fence in the south ha.lfof the TX tank fiirm and is anew downgradient well; and well 299-W15-40 is located on the west side of the TX tank farm and is anew upgradient well. The locations of all wells in the monitoring network are shown on Figure 1. The groundwater monitoring plan for WMA TX-TY (Caggiano and Goodwin 1991) describes the hydrogeology of the 200 West Area and WMA TX-TY. An Interim Change Notice to the groundwater monitoring plan provides justification for the new wells. The new wells were constructed to the speciii- cations and requirements described in Washington Administrative Code (WAC) 173-160 and WAC 173-303. This document compiles …

Electronic absorption and resonance Raman (RR) spectra of the ferric form of barley grain peroxidase (BP 1) at various pH values both at room temperature and 20 K are . reported, together with EPR spectra at 10 K. The ferrous forms and the ferric complex with fluoride have also been studied. A quantum mechanically mixed-spin (QS) state has been identified. The QS heme species co-exists with 6- and 5-cHS heroes; the relative populations of these three spin states are found to be dependent on pH and temperature. However, the QS species remains in all cases the dominant heme spin species. Barley peroxidase appears to be further characterized by a splitting of the two vinyl stretching modes, indicating that the vinyl groups are differently conjugated with the porphyrin. An analysis of the presently available spectroscopic data for proteins from all three peroxidase classes suggests that the simultaneous occurrence of the QS heme state as well as the splitting of the two vinyl stretching modes is confined to class III enzymes. The former point is discussed in terms of the possible influences of heme deformations on heme spin state. It is found that moderate saddling alone is probably not enough to cause …

The project successfully demonstrated that dual lock-step comparison of commercial RISC processors is a viable fault-tolerant approach to handling SEU in space environment. The fault tolerant approach on orbit error rate was 38 times less than the single processor error rate. The random nature of the upsets and appearance in critical code section show it is essential to incorporate both hardware and software in the design and operation of fault-tolerant computers.

The effect of excluded volume on the coil size of dilute linear polymers was investigated by off-lattice Monte Carlo simulations. The radius of gyration R{sub g} was evaluated for a wide range of chain lengths at several temperatures and at the athermal condition. The theta temperature and the corresponding theta chain dimensions were established for the system, and the dependence of the size expansion factor, a{sub s} = R{sub g} /(R{sub g}){sub {theta}}, on chain length N and temperature T was examined. For long chains and at high temperatures, a{sub s} is a function of N/N{sub s}{sup 2} alone, where the length scale N{sub s}{sup 2} depends only on T. The form of this simulations-based master function compares favorably with {alpha}{sub s}(M/M{sub s}{sup 2}), an experimental master curve for linear polymers in good solvents, where M{sub s}{sup 2} depends only on polymer-solvent system. Comparisons when N{sub s}{sup 2}(T) and M{sub s}{sup 2}(system) are reduced to common units, numbers of Kuhn steps, strongly indicate that coil expansion in even the best of good solvents is small relative to that expected for truly athermal solutions. An explanation for this behavior is proposed, based on what would appear to be an inherent difference …

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There is a need to establish a commonly acceptable format for storing beta-gated coincidence data for stations in the International Monitoring System (IMS) for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). The current aerosol RMS type data format is not applicable for radioxenon in that the current format contains implicit assumptions specific to conventional gamma-ray spectrometry. Some assumptions in the current RMS format are not acceptable for the beta-gated spectra expected from the U.S. Department of Energy PNNL Automated Radioxenon Sampler-Analyzer (ARSA) and other similar systems under use or development from various countries. The RMS data format is not generally applicable for radioxenon measurements in the CTBT for one or more of the following main reasons: 1) The RMS format does not currently support 2-dimensional data. That is, the RMS data format is setup for a simple l-dimensional gamma-ray energy histogram. Current data available from the ARSA system and planned for other radioxenon monitors includes spectral information from gamma-rays and betas/conversion electrons. It is worth noting that the beta/conversion electron energy information will be used to separate the contributions from the different radioxenons. 2) The RMS data format assumes that the conversion between counts and activity can be calculated based (in part) …

Technology developments occurring in the past few years have resulted in the initial commercialization of phosphoric acid (PA) fuel cells. Ongoing research and development (R and D) promises further improvement in PA fuel cell technology, as well as the development of proton exchange membrane (PEM), molten carbonate (MC), and solid oxide (SO) fuel cell technologies. In the long run, this collection of fuel cell options will be able to serve a wide range of electric power and cogeneration applications. A fuel cell converts the chemical energy of a fuel into electrical energy without the use of a thermal cycle or rotating equipment. In contrast, most electrical generating devices (e.g., steam and gas turbine cycles, reciprocating engines) first convert chemical energy into thermal energy and then mechanical energy before finally generating electricity. Like a battery, a fuel cell is an electrochemical device, but there are important differences. Batteries store chemical energy and convert it into electrical energy on demand, until the chemical energy has been depleted. Depleted secondary batteries may be recharged by applying an external power source, while depleted primary batteries must be replaced. Fuel cells, on the other hand, will operate continuously, as long as they are externally supplied …

Two new Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) groundwater monitoring wells were installed at the single-shell tank fm Waste Management Area (WMA) T in August through November of 1998 in fixlfilhnent of Tri-Party Agreement (Ecology 1996) Milestone M-24-37. The wells are 299-W1O-23 and 299-W1O-24. Well 299-W1O-23 repIaces well 299-W1O-15 and well 299-W1O-24 replaces well 299-WI 1-27; both new wells are located north of WMA T and are downgradient monitoring wells. The locations of alI wells in the extended monitoring network for WMA T are shown on Figure 1. The groundwater monitoring plan for WMA T (Caggiano and Goodwin 1991) describes the hydro- geology of the 200 West Area and WMA T. An Interim Change Notice to the groundwater monitoring plan provides justification for the new wells. The new wells were constructed to the specifications and requirements described in Washington Administrative Code (WAC) 173-160 and WAC 173-303. This document compiles tiormation on the ~lling and construction, well development pump install- ation, and sediment testing applicable to wells 299-W1O-23 and 299-W1O-24. Appendix A contains copies of the geologist's log, the Well Construction Summary Repo~ and Well Summary Sheet (as-built diagram); Appendix B contains results of laborato~ analyses of particIe size distribution, pHj …

In two recent publications relativistic electron flow in cylindrical magnetically-insulated transmission lines (MITL) was analyzed and modeled under the assumption of negligible electron pressure. Cylindrical MITLs were used because of their common occurrence, and because they are the simplest case of finite width. The authors show in this report that the models apply equally to MITLs of any cross section.

One new Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) groundwater monitoring well was installed during September 1998 at the single-shell tank farm Waste Management Area (WMA) B-BX-BY. The well is 299-E33-44 and is located east of the BY single-shell tank farm. The well is a new upgradient monitoring well drilled in support of the groundwater assessment program at WMA B-BX-BY. This document is a compilation of information on the drilling and construction well development pump installation, and sediment testing and analyses applicable to well 299-E33-44. Appendix A contains copies of the geologist's log, the Well Construction Summary Report and Well Summary Sheet (as-built diagram); Appendix B contains results of Laboratory analyses completed on samples of sediment from the well and Appendix C contains geophysical logs. An aquifer test (slug test) was done in the well after well completion. Results from the aquifer test will be published elsewhere. Additional documentation concerning well construction is on file with Bechtel Hanford Inc., Richland, Washington.