Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Betty Ayers, left, and Melissa Lindsey, center, accept resolutions of condolence from the Oklahoma City Council during Tuesday's meeting."

My assignment is to give feedback on the Reservoir Technology Task portion of the DOE-sponsored work we've been hearing about. Briefly, you've done well in adapting to an increasingly tough budgetary and political environment. More specifically, I'd like to highlight some of the encouraging developments in the context of overall research strategy. Ted Mock on Tuesday and Ken Nemzer at yesterday's luncheon made several useful observations and I'd like to refer to just two in relation to Reservoir Technology. Ted observed that product development can proceed along two paths. We might call these the Big Bang or the Evolutionary lines. He correctly pointed out the difficulty American industry has had with commercializing incremental (Evolutionary) product improvements. In this context Reservoir Technology development is more like manufacturing engineering because we aren't developing new products, for the most part. We are simply working to produce electricity or process heat cheaper. The DOE has listened to industry on this point and their statement of objectives sounds excellent. Let me quote one example from Page 10 of the December 20, 1988 report. For ''Reservoir Evaluation'' we read ''Decrease uncertainties...20% by 1993''. I confess that I don't know what the uncertainty is in 1989, but …

The Hot Dry Rock (HDR) geothermal energy program is a renewable energy program that can contribute significantly to the nation's balanced and diversified energy mix. Having extracted energy from the first Fenton Hill HDR reservoir for about 400 days, and from the second reservoir for 30 days in a preliminary test, Los Alamos is focusing on the Long Term Flow Test and reservoir studies. Current budget limitations have slowed preparations thus delaying the start date of that test. The test is planned to gather data for more definitive reservoir modeling with energy availability or reservoir lifetime of primary interest. Other salient information will address geochemistry and tracer studies, microseismic response, water requirements and flow impedance which relates directly to pumping power requirements. During this year of ''preparation'' we have made progress in modeling studies, in chemically reactive tracer techniques, in improvements in acoustic or microseismic event analysis.

The performance of binary geothermal power plants can be improved through the proper choice of a working fluid, and optimization of component designs and operating conditions. This paper reviews the investigations at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) which are examining binary cycle performance improvements: for moderate temperature (350 to 400 F) resources with emphasis on how the improvements may be integrated into design of binary cycles. These investigations are examining performance improvements resulting from the supercritical vaporization of mixed hydrocarbon working fluids and achieving countercurrent integral condensation with these fluids, as well as the modification of the turbine inlet state points to achieve supersaturated turbine vapor expansions. For resources where the brine outlet temperature is restricted, the use of turbine exhaust recuperators is examined. The baseline plant used to determine improvements in plant performance (characterized by the increase in the net brine effectiveness, watt-hours per pound of brine) in these studies operates at conditions similar to the 45 MW Heber binary plant. Through the selection of the optimum working fluids and operating conditions, achieving countercurrent integral condensation, and allowing supersaturated vapor expansions in the turbine, the performance of the binary cycle (the net brine effectiveness) can be improved by …

Daily newspaper from Hereford, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.

For both petroleum and geothermal resources, many of the reservoirs are fracture dominated--rather than matrix-permeability controlled. For such reservoirs, a knowledge of the pressure-dependent permeability of the interconnected system of natural joints (i.e., pre-existing fractures) is critical to the efficient exploitation of the resource through proper pressure management. Our experience and that reported by others indicates that a reduction in the reservoir pressure sometimes leads to an overall reduction in production rate due to the ''pinching off'' of the joint network, rather than the anticipated increase in production rate. This effect occurs not just in the vicinity of the wellbore, where proppants are sometimes employed, but throughout much of the reservoir region. This follows from the fact that under certain circumstances, the decline in fracture permeability (or conductivity) with decreasing reservoir pressure exceeds the far-field reservoir ''drainage'' flow rate increase due to the increased pressure gradient. Further, a knowledge of the pressure-dependent joint permeability could aid in designing more appropriate secondary recovery strategies in petroleum reservoirs or reinjection procedures for geothermal reservoirs.

Daily newspaper from Baytown, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.

The Magma Energy Program of the Geothermal Technology Division is scheduled to begin drilling a deep (6 km) exploration well in Long Valley Caldera, California in 1989. The drilling site is near the center of the caldera which is associated with numerous shallow (5-7 km) geophysical anomalies. This deep well will present an unparalleled opportunity to test and validate geophysical techniques for locating magma as well as a test of the theory that magma is still present at drillable depths within the central portion of the caldera. If, indeed, drilling indicates magma, the geothermal community will then be afforded the unique possibility of examining the coupling between magmatic and hydrothermal regimes in a major volcanic system. Goals of planned seismic experiments that involve the well include the investigation of local crustal structure down to depths of 10 km as well as the determination of mechanisms for local seismicity and deformation. Borehole electrical and electromagnetic surveys will increase the volume and depth of rock investigated by the well through consideration of the conductive structure of the hydrothermal and underlying regimes. Currently active processes involving magma injection will be studied through observation of changes in pore pressure and strain. Measurements of in …

Daily newspaper from Chickasha, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.

Logging research at The University of Texas has been carried out in several areas. We have studied how rock resistivity varies with water saturation when other variables, such as rock wettability, stress, saturation history, and shale content are varied. Both experimental and theoretical work have been done. Rock wettability (oil or water wet) has by far the largest effect. Shale content and saturation history are also important. Rock stress is the least important, at least in the Berea sandstones and glass bed packs we have studied. We have published several papers and theses which describe this work in detail. We have also studied the effect of certain trace elements (boron, mainly) on the neutron log. Boron has a very high thermal neutron capture cross Section. Analyses of a number of Frio formation cores from the Texas Gulf Coast area show that boron occurs frequently in these rocks in amounts (up to 100 ppm or more) that would seriously affect several procedures in neutron log interpretation. It could, for example, reduce or even eliminate the neutron log--density log porosity reversal that is commonly used as a gas indicator. A recent paper reports details of our work in the Frio. We are …

Up to 500,000 Quads of thermal energy are believed to be contained in crustal magma bodies within the U.S. at temperatures in excess of 600 C and at depths less than 10 km. Scientific feasibility of utilizing this energy resource was concluded after a seven-year study that culminated in successful energy extraction experiments in molten rock at Kilauea Iki lava lake. The current DOE program is developing technology to experimentally extract energy from a silicic magma body so that engineering feasibility of the magma energy concept can be evaluated. At this point, significant progress has been achieved in three areas: Geophysics and site selection. Energy Extraction Processes, and Geochemistry/Materials. Future activities will be focused by drilling and evaluating a deep exploratory well in Long Valley caldera where active magma is expected.

The DOE Hard Rock Penetration program is developing technology to reduce the costs of drilling geothermal wells. Current projects include: R & D in lost circulation control, high temperature instrumentation, underground imaging with a borehole radar insulated drill pipe development for high temperature formations, and new technology for data transmission through drill pipe that can potentially greatly improve data rates for measurement while drilling systems. In addition to this work, projects of the Geothermal Drilling Organization are managed. During 1988, GDO projects include developments in five areas: high temperature acoustic televiewer, pneumatic turbine, urethane foam for lost circulation control, geothermal drill pipe protectors, an improved rotary head seals.

Photocopy of a newspaper article containing letters to the editor regarding reactions to various Dallas issues, including AIDS discrimination.

This project will demonstrate the Hybrid Cycle Concept for electricity generation using geopressured-geothermal resources. The test is scheduled to be a minimum of one year, which may be extended. The majority of the equipment came from the DOE facility at East Mesa, CA. The hybrid cycle has been designed for 10,800 BPD brine and 220,000 SCFD of gas. The power output will be about one megawatt, which will be sold to Houston Lighting and Power Company. An important research objective is to determine the size and ultimate production capability of the geopressured-geothermal reservoir. The long-term deliverability of these type reservoirs is a significant factor in determining the ultimate economic capability of these systems.

Weekly newspaper from Harper, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.

This paper is a summary of the proposed drilling plan for the first phase (to 2500 feet depth) of the Magma Energy Exploratory Well. The drilling program comprises four phases, spaced approximately one year apart, which culminate in a large-diameter well to a total depth near 20,000 feet. Included here are descriptions of the well design, predictions of potential drilling problems, a list of restrictions imposed by regulatory agencies, an outline of Sandia's management structure, and an explanation of how the magma energy technology will benefit from this drilling.

Letter from President of the Dallas/Fort Worth Hospital Council John C. Gavras sent to Lori Palmer on March 21, 1989. Requests for hospitals to be excluded from the "public accommodations" section of the Fair Housing Ordinance.

The western power surplus is finite and electric load growth is persistent. Concerns about availability and environmental effects will overshadow life-cycle cost in selection of tomorrow's sources. Geothermal's growth and achievements qualify it as a preferred resource for the 1990s and beyond but its merits remain largely unknown in political and financial circles. Near-term needs include power sales contracts after 1990, improved comfort for banks and utilities with reservoir assessment techniques and mitigation of financial risks at pilot plants on new fields. Institutional, not technical, issues will dominate geothermal energy's growth, performance, image and utility relationships in the 1990s.

Photograph used for a newspaper owned by the Oklahoma Publishing Company. Caption: "Members of the national champion Southern Nazarene University women's basketball team are greeted by family members, friends and fans at the Bethany campus earlier this week."

One of the big successes of the DOE program is in the area of conversion technology. The experiment that went on in the 1970's at the south end of the Salton Sea, with a major effort on the part of DOE, was the initiation of a major commercial development. At the site of the Geothermal Loop Experimental Facility (GLEF) there now operates a 35 megawatt commercial plant and by the end of 1989 there will be over 200 megawatts of geothermal power on the line within the Salton Sea KGRA. The involvement of DOE with industry in the GLEF venture was truly a success. The modeling of the behavior of geothermal brine from downhole conditions to injection as reported on by John Weare is a function that could be used to the advantage of industry in commercialization. The prediction of behavior is very important in process design and operation. The project would be helpful if the modeling could be expanded beyond the Calcium Carbonate and Silica formation to include other reactions, such as the formation of heavy metal sulfides. Larry Kukacka's report on Material Advances was useful and the continuation of materials research to enable more economical operations will always …

Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Bill McNatt left, Mariana Barthold and Ted d'Andriole visit at the Allied Arts Foundation's fund drive victory party."

Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Ted Keeney, left, Gail Beals and Joel Levine have a private discussion."

Photograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "Lori Westbrook, left, Phil Pippin and Barby Crabtree were among the guests."

A newspaper clipping about a woman who is the co-chair of the American Foundation for AIDS Research.