The neutron tissue dose at large distances from a fission source was studied by using a water-filled phantom and four different detectors: a BF/sub 3/ counter, a polyethylenelined ethylene-filled proportional counter, indium foils, and nuclear emulsions. The source of fission neutrons was the ORNL Health Physics Research Reactor which was attached to a hoist which was in turn installed on a 1530-foot tower. The reactor could be operated at any elevation from 27 to 1500 ft. The phantom studies were made at horizontal distances from 250 to 1500 yards from the tower. Dose contributions from recoil protons H/sup 1/ (n, gamma )D/sup 2/ and N/sup 14/(n,p)C/sup 1 reactions are considered. (auth)

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The sustained propagation of combustion fronts in porous media is a necessary condition for the success of an in situ combustion project for oil recovery. Compared to other recovery methods, in situ combustion involves the added complexity of exothermic reactions and temperature-dependent chemical kinetics. In the presence of heat losses, the possibility of ignition and extinction (quenching) exists. In this report, we address the properties of combustion fronts propagating at a constant velocity in the presence of heat losses.

This effort has undertaken the task of developing a link between the genomics, DNA repair and structural biology efforts within the Biology and Biotechnology Research Program at LLNL. Through the advent of the I.M.A.G.E. (Integrated Molecular Analysis of Genomes and their Expression) Consortium, a world-wide effort to catalog the largest public collection of genes, accepted and maintained within BBRP, it is now possible to systematically express the protein complement of these to further elucidate novel gene function and structure. The work has ensued in four phases, outlined as follows: (1) Gene and System selection; (2) Protein expression and purification; (3) Structural analysis; and (4) biological integration. Proteins to be expressed have been those of high programmatic interest. This includes, in particular, proteins involved in the maintenance of genome integrity, particularly those involved in the repair of DNA damage, including ERCC1, ERCC4, XRCC2, XRCC3, XRCC9, HEX1, APN1, p53, RAD51B, RAD51C, and RAD51. Full-length cDNA cognates of selected genes were isolated, and cloned into baculovirus-based expression vectors. The baculoviral expression system for protein over-expression is now well-established in the Albala laboratory. Procedures have been successfully optimized for full-length cDNA clining into expression vectors for protein expression from recombinant constructs. This includes the …

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This report discusses the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) in the Energy Policy and Consevation Act, which was authorized to help prevent a repetition of the economic dislocation caused by the 1973-1974 Arab oil embargo. The Government Accountability Office recently observed that the proportion of crude oil grades in the SPR has been growing less compatible with the heavier grades of crude oil that U.S. refineries have been upgrading to handle. This finding has raised questions about the SPR's effectiveness during a long-term oil disruption involving heavy oil.

This report provides background information regarding political violence and the peace process in Northern Ireland. It includes further information about the devolved government and recurrent crises (1999-2002, 2003-2007 and 2008-2010), implementation of police reforms, recent events and ongoing challenges, relevant U.S. policy, and recent legislation.

This is a review of the Kinetic-Statistical Strength (KSS) model described in the report ``Models of Material Strength, Fracture and Failure`` by V. Kuropatenko and V. Bychenkov. The models for metals subjected to high strain rates (explosions) are focussed on. Model implementation appears possible in a hydrocode. Applying the model to the shock response of metals will require a data source for the Weibull parameter {alpha}{sub u}, short of measuing the strength of specimens of various sizes. Model validation will require more detail on the experiments successfully calculated by SPRUT. Evaluation of the KSS model is needed against other existing rate-dependent models for metals such as the Steinberg-Lund or MTS model on other shock experiments.

This report gives methods and results of the 1981 radiation monitoring program at LLL for both radioactive and non-radioactive contamination from gaseous and liquid effluents. Off-site monitoring includes various radionuclides but especially tritium in the ecosystems. (PSB)

A set of first-order differential state equations is developed from taking finite differences of the partial differential equation that describes groundwater flow during a pump-drawdown test. The number of states in the model is a direct function of the number of discrete spatial segments used in the approximate model. This number of states is studied to determine a reasonably low-order model that preserves the accuracy of resulting simulations when compared with an available analytical solution. The resulting reduced-order model is then used in an extended Kalman filter for combined state and parameter estimation. This report summarizes work done in a recent pilot study to demonstrate the feasibility of these techniques in groundwater research and points the way toward other approaches to this problem area now under study.

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This document contains a technical assessment of the cause and disposition of Interstitial Liquid Level(ILL) readings taken in February 1997 on Hanford waste tank 241-BY-112 that were below specified limits. Some readings were determined to be spurious while other readings were below the limit because of normal data scatter. The data assessment did discover that a new ILL had formed below the currently established baseline because of the normal drainage of the interstitial liquid over time. A new baseline and limit will be established. Because the new ILL appears to be stable and consistent with post saltwell pumping behavior, and because there is no other evidence to the contrary, the tank is judged not to be leaking.

This Startup Plan encompasses activities necessary to perform startup and operation of the LDUA in Facility Group 3 tanks and complete turnover to CPO. The activities discussed in this plan will occur prior to, and following the US Department Energy, Richland Operations Office Operational Readiness Review. This startup plan does not authorize or direct any specific field activities or authorize a change of configuration. As such, this startup plan need not be Unresolved Safety Question (USQ) screened.

This document defines the requirements applicable to the operation, maintenance and storage of the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADAS) and Control Network in support of the Light Duty Utility Arm (LDUA) operations.

Report presenting an investigation in the propeller-research tunnel to develop wing-leading-edge inlets for locations between the inboard and outboard nacelles on each wing of a four-engine airplane. Testing was performed on the basic wing and original inlet as well as NACA-developed inlets for two versions of the airplane.

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This report discusses the Earthquake in Chile, the current condition, the response from Chilean government, international humanitarian response, as well as the U.S. humanitarian response. The report provides background information on Chile and U.S. relations and policy issues.

The report presents results of a workshop held August 6-8, 2007, by DOE SC Basic Energy Sciences to determine the basic research needs for catalysis research.

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This report examines the ways in which the Senate has handled the 160 Supreme Court nominations the President has sent to the Senate. As the purpose of this report is to examine the forms taken by Senate proceedings on these 160 nominations, it treats each nomination as a separate case. It is not couched in terms of the smaller number of different individuals nominated or the ultimate outcome the confirmation process may have had for each individual.

A series of two-group calculations has been made on the Oracle for the purpose of obtaining critical-mass and flux distribution data for various ORR core configurations. The 3G3R code of Bate, Einstein, and Kinney was used, together with the RSP code developed by Nelson. This made it possible to obtain results for the three-dimensional case. The results, which are presented graphically, are intended to serve as a guide for the design of experiments until such time as actual measurements are available. The calculations were performed for the "clean cold" case, and it should be realized that the presence in the core of experiments and of fission products built up during operation will materially alter the flux patterns found. It is believed that the critical-mass data are accurate to within 10%. Within the fuel region it is believed that the thermal-flux patterns are the also accurate to this degree. Comparison of the results with MTR critical experiments, however, indicates that the thermal flux in the reflector in the vicinity of the fuel-reflector interface may have been underestimated by a factor of as much as 1.3. It should also be recalled that in a two-group calculation the "fast flux" is often a …

This report provides historical background of the Council, including the role of the previous Commission. It discusses the Council's current mandate and structure, as well as U.S. policy and congressional actions.

The objectives of this partnership project were to develop a preventive maintenance checklist program, a troubleshooting system for the Vertical Turning Center (VTC)-5, an on-line manual, and to integrate these components with a custom browser that would run on the VTC-5 machine's controller and would support future internet/intranet delivery. Kingsbury provided subject matter experts from engineering, manufacturing, and technical support. They also provided photographs, schematics, and CAD drawings, which AlliedSignal Federal Manufacturing and Technologies (ASFM and T) digitized for use in the final program. Information from The Kingsbury troubleshooting experts were interviewed regarding symptoms and root causes of system malfunctions This knowledge was captured and from it, fault trees were developed. These trees were then incorporated into the EPSS as a troubleshooting tool. The troubleshooting portion of the system presents simple questions to the machine operator in order to determine the likely cause or causes of malfunctions and then recommends systematic corrective actions. The on-line reference manual, covering operations and maintenance, provides text and illustrations to the machine operator in a traditional structure, but additionally offers the capability to search voluminous amounts of technical data and retrieve specific information on request. The maintenance portion of the EPSS includes checklists that …