In accord with recent custom, the organizing committee for this conference has scheduled this review paper on beam instabilities. In view of the various review papers which already exist and the fact that the fundamentals of the subject have even been treated in a textbook, I thought this paper might best be devoted to a limited part of the rather large field of beam instabilities. Thus, I have selected only an aspect of the general subject, but an aspect which has during the last years been very much at the center of activity, and will--if my judgment is correct--be even more so in the years to come. I wish to concentrate, here, on the interaction of a relativistic particle beam with itself which is a result of the coupling of the beam with its surroundings. Before approaching this topic, a few remarks on the existing review papers are in order. A comprehensive treatment of beam instabilities may be found in Ref. 1, where, also, the reader will find some 48 references to the original literature. In Refs. 2 and 3, the General subject is approached from other points of view. Reference 4 is concerned with some special topics, but treats …

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Signal shaping properties are demonstrated with a large NaI(Tl) crystal assembly, 20 in. thick and 30 in. in diameter. Correlated energy resolution responses are shown for total energy absorption in the crystal from 580 MeV electrons. Light collection optics by diffuse reflection most likely determined the 10% to 90% rise-time of signals of 80 nsec, connected with the transit time of trapped light, before it reaches a photocathode surface. Using a signal clipping technique, the trailing edge of pulses are shaped to have base-lines entirely restored to zero. Providing good energy resolution, signals are obtained which are shaped to have 200 nsec full-width at base. The energy resolution responses from signal pulse-height measurement are demonstrated. Further improvements to obtain shorter pulse-widths are discussed and the capability of these crystals to handle several types of background is shown.

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From surface effects in controlled thermonuclear fusion devices and reactors meeting; Argonne, Illinois, USA (10 Jan 1974). The sputtering yield of gold bombarded with fission neutrons was studied in the CP-5 reactor. Bulk single crystals were used at near liquid helium temperature. Overall sputtering yields ranged from 1 x 10/sup -3/ to 6 x 10/sup -3/ sputtered gold atoms per incident neutron for doses ranging from 2.1 x 10/sup 17/ to 5.5 x 10/sup 17/ (nvt > 0.1 MeV). Results are roughly an order of magnitude larger than many previoualy reported sputtering yields. Sputtering patterns have not been pursued yet, due to sufficiently high background radiation. (auth)

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From surface effects in controlled thermonuclear fusion devices and reactors meeting; Argonne, Illinois, USA (10 Jan 1974). The sputtering by ftssion fragments of Cu, Al, and Nb doped with 0.1 at.% /sup 235/ and bombarded with thermal neutrons was investigated. This was primarily a search for micron size particles emitted from the surfaces of the doped sources. Kaminsky et al., have observed large particles (several microns in size) emitted from the surface of samples bombarded by 14 MeV neutrons, with a maximum knock-on energy of 600 keV in Nb. The fission energy deposition of 200 MeV should be more than adequate to yield any observable effects that might be present at 600 keV. The concentration of flssion events was 10 times the concentration of knockons in the Kaminsky experiments. With scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x- ray analyses of sputtering collectors both before and after irradiation, no sputtered particles were found larger than one detection limit of 0.1 mu . (auth)

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Complete texts of 123 communications to the Congress (in the original language; the majority in English, some in Russian, French), on the following topics; radiation perspective in the U.S., radiation and man, non-ionising radiation, radiation effects on animals, radiation quantities, radioecology, reactor experience, late radiation effects, dose calculations and radiation accidents.

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The 0-degree fragmentation products of {sup 16}O and {sup 12}C at 2.1-GeV/n and {sup 12}C at 1.05-GeV/n have been measured for targets ranging from H to Pb. They present a total of 464 partial-production cross sections for 35 isotopes. The cross sections are energy independent and can be factored into beam-fragment and target terms. The target factor, {gamma}{sub T} = A{sub T}{sup 1/4}, and other evidence, imply the isotopes are produced in peripheral interactions.