Four open cycle OTEC concepts are described. These are: (1) single, vertical-axis turbine; (2) multiple, horizontal-axis turbines; (3) foam lift/hydraulic turbine; and (4) mist lift/hydraulic turbine. A preliminary assessment of achievable performance is made in addition to a description of the subsystem performance objectives which would support the achievement of the full potential inherent in these concepts. The results and conclusions of the paper include a description of the research objectives, achievement of which make open cycle OTEC a viable alternative as a nationl energy source.

This paper extends the procedure to analyse the heterogeneous FBR spectra with depletion.

Gamma-ray spectroscopy is used to assay plutonium solutions flowing through thin sample cells. The direct measurement of gamma-ray intensities are used to determine the plutonium isotopic content and total concentration. The development of spectral analysis algorithms, the use of appropriate instrument internal standards, techniques to minimize spectral acquisition times, and methods to deduce the /sup 242/Pu content are discussed. Results of experiments on plutonium solutions in the 200 to 500 grams/liter concentration range of typical light water reactor isotopic content are given. These solutions typify the purified plutonium product streams in a reprocessing plant. The isotopic and total plutonium assay results as determined by this technique are within 0.5% of the reference values, as determined by mass spectrometry and controlled potential coulometry, respectively. Similar techniquescan also be applied to low concentration plutonium solutions. Plutonium isotopic ratios can be determined by this technique and the alpha specific activities computed. For low concentration (10/sup -0/ to 10/sup -4/ grams/liter) streams, cerium activated Vycor scintillation detectors can then be used for plutonium monitoring. This is compared with other proposed methods of on-line plutonium analyses. Modes of operation of these monitors for real-time inventory and diversion detection are discussed.

In summary, analyses have been obtained for approximately 60 elements for sized flyash particles from two coal-fired steam plants. Evaluation of data from the elemental analyses, including the concentration dependence upon particle size, electron microscopy, ESCA, and mass spectrometry suggests a mechanism for formation of the submicron particles in some coal-fired plants. This mechanism involves bursting of larger particles during gas expansion and production of a very large number of very small particles which ultimately form particles in the 0.1 ..mu..m to 1.0 ..mu..m size range by coagulation. The condensation of volatilized material would then proceed concurrently with the bursting and coagulation process. The factors which determine the volatility of trace elements during coal combustion have been examined. While the organic affinities of individual trace elements in coal are likely to play a role, we have been unable to obtain clear verification of this point in initial studies.

An important objective of the light water reactor pressure vessel (LWRPV) surveillance dosimetry program is to validate and calibrate dosimetry and damage analysis techniques as well as to guide required neutron field calculations that are used to correlate changes in material properties with characteristics of the neutron irradiation field. As part of this activity, the Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory (HEDL) performed neutron flux calculations in a model of the light water test reactor of the Nuclear Science and Technology Facility of the State University of New York at Buffalo. The purpose of these calculations was to provide a consistent analysis base for projecting radiation damage produced by one reactor facility to that which would be incurred in another reactor facility.

The use of achromat concept (1) to facilitate chromatic corrections in large storage rings is illustrated. The example given in this report is a lattice for a 75 GeV/c ring with six interaction regions having a beta x = 1.6 m, a beta y = 0.1 m and a luminosity of 1.4 10/sup 32/ cm/sup -2/s/sup -1/. The chromatic corrections are done with four families of sextupoles, two for each transverse plane, the strengths of which are determined by the solution of four linear equations in four unknowns. The basic simplicity of the method allows on-line control of the sextupole adjustments.

A comprehensive experiment to study drift from mechanical draft cooling towers was conducted. The data from this study are to be used for drift deposition model validation. Results show the effects of tower geometry and orientation with respect to the wind and to single or two tower operation. The effect of relative humidity on droplet evaporation as a function of downwind distance can also be seen.

The desire to use TMS 9900 devices in several small control and data acquisition applications without paying for a development system to do it led to the development of several simple, effective techniques for doing TMS 9900 programing and debugging on a TI 980 system. The 980 assembler lends itself easily to the redefinition of operation codes required to assemble programs for the 9900. Also, a simple interconnection between the 980 and the 9900 allows operation of the 9900 and monitoring of the operation of the 980. Finally, special operation codes were developed within the 980 assembler which allow programing of hardware control on the 9900 system via a macro-language tailored to a particular 9900 hardware configuration. 4 figures.

Design guidelines pertinent to liquid metal pipe supports are presented. The numerous complex conditions affecting the support stiffness and strength are addressed in detail. Topics covered include modeling of supports for natural frequency and stiffness calculations, support hardware components, formulas for deflection due to torsion, plate bending, and out-of-plane flexibility. A sample analysis and a discussion on stress analysis of supports are included. Also presented are recommendations for design improvements for increasing the stiffness of pipe supports and which were utilized in the FFTF system.

Extra energy losses caused by the coupling currents between strands in a flat superconducting cable that is exposed to an external changing field are derived. Special attention is given to the cable with an insulating strap interposed between the two layers of strands so as to reduce the losses noticeably. We show that the losses are not reduced as much as we might expect.

Included in the more recent design activities for the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) are a series of test assemblies which will contain experiments in the FFTF reactor. Due to high operating temperatures and severe thermal transients, inelastic analysis is generally required to demonstrate structural adequacy. Based upon previous FFTF experience, a number of simplifications have been made to reduce the inelastic analysis effort. Significant time and cost savings have resulted.

Information that is provided by beam polarization in high energy e/sup +/e/sup -/ interactions, how polarized beams are produced, the experimental evidence for radiative beam polarization, and the results which have been obtained to date using polarized beams are reviewed. Prospects for beam polarization experiments in future generations of storage rings are discussed.

The environment near a high voltage direct current (HVdc) transmission line experiences corona effects, including the production of oxidants. Field determination of ozone production rates were made at the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) HVdc Test Facility, the Dalles, Oregon, in fall and winter 1977. A novel micrometeorological profiling technique was used to identify sources of ozone plumes. The results indicate that even during precipitation the atmospheric ozone concentrations from HVdc lines at voltages up to +550 kV are relatively small. Measured atmospheric ozone concentration plumes are consistent with laboratory data predictions of ozone concentrations based on corona, line parameters, and ambient dispersion. This confirmation under worst-case field conditions demonstrates the validity of previous estimates of a very low magnitude of the potential ozone effects.

Europium boride pellets with 92% of theoretical density were prepared by hot-pressing. By ball milling the starting powder, hot-pressing temperature could be reduced to 1700/sup 0/C. The lower hot-pressing temperature provided better control over final density and gave a more desirable microstructure.

The various mechanisms for atmospheric recovery are discussed, and means by which these pathways can be treated mathematically to formulate models of air quality and pollutant behavior are described. Many of the essentials of atmospheric recovery processes are outlined. The important problems currently at the forefront of wet- and dry-deposition research are also discussed. (JGB)

Snubbing devices are used extensively in nuclear power plant piping to prevent seismic shock forces from causing damaging pipe motions. Most seismic snubbers are designed and load rated by the manufacturer without consideration of attaching structure, unless specifically requested to do so by the purchaser. This paper discusses the additional design constraints imposed by the use of extension struts with the seismic snubbers. The constraints evaluated include load rating reduction as a function of strut length, and strut length limitations to pevent dynamic instability.

Whether the wide bandwidth longitudinal feedback system described in this paper is made to act on the individual modes in frequency domain or on the individual bunches in time domain, it represents a clean and efficient way of damping the longitudinal oscillations without influencing other beam parameters such as bunch shape or synchrotron frequency distribution. The frequency domain feedback presents the advantage of providing information on which modes are unstable and on their risetimes, which may be helpful in locating dangerous resonators in the ring.

A promising alternative for hydrogen storage is storage as a metal hydride. The properties and applications of those systems which have proven or potential utility as hydrogen storage compounds are summarized. Specific systems discussed are magnesium alloy hydrides, iron-titanium alloys, titanium-chromium alloys, and rare earth alloys. (LK)

The effects of a wiggler on the beam parameters depend on several integrals involving the machine functions and the field distribution in the wiggler. It is shown that these integrals are separable into sums of products of terms containing only the initial values of the machine functions, and terms containing integrals over the wiggler fields. The field-dependent integrals may be determined by numerical integrations based on measured field distribution. In typical wiggler designs, the energy and excitation dependencies of the integrals may be modeled mathematically by simple power series.

The Terrestrial Effects panel discussed the needed direction and techniques for future research in the terrestrial effects of new coal conversion technologies. Panel members concurred on the need for changes in emphasis, approach, and even attitude in environmental research. The following are the basic perceptions of the panel: Our goal is to provide for environmentally amenable technologies in coal conversion and product distribution, especially focusing on pollutants entering pathways to man. Highest research priority, therefore, should be given to solid wastes, and especially their leachates. A shift in research emphasis is needed. Whereas we have been accustomed to investigating acute effects of pollutants immediately surrounding their source, we should now explore the sublethal, long-term effects of pollutants carried farther from their source. These may in fact become the more dangerous of the two through bioconcentration. Research of this kind should help us to predict deleterious effects before they are felt. Another needed reverse in typical environmental research strategy is to perform biological characterization before source characterization. Time for the needed research is running out. In order to make meaningful progress within a short time frame, we will have to narrow the focus of our research to include only the most …

At SLAC there has been a continuous need for the injection of very short bunches of electrons into the accelerator. Several time-of-flight experiments have used bursts of short pulses during a normal 1.6 micro-second rf acceleration period. Single bunch beam loading experiments made use of a short pulse injection system which included high power transverse beam chopping equipment. Until the equipment described in this paper came on line, the basic grid-controlled gun pulse was limited to a rise time of 7 nanoseconds and a pulse width of 10 nanoseconds. The system described here has a grid-controlled rise time of less than 500 pico-seconds, and a minimum pulse width of less than 1 nanosecond. Pulse burst repetition rate has been demonstrated above 20 MHz during a 1.6 microsecond rf accelerating period. The order-of-magnitude increase in gun grid switching speed comes from a new gun design which minimizes lead inductance and stray capacitance, and also increases gun grid transconductance. These gun improvements coupled with a newly designed fast pulser mounted directly within the gun envelope make possible subnanosecond pulsing of the gun.

Papers presented are grouped under the following topics: air cleaning; waste volume reduction and preparation for storage; tritium, carbon-14, ozone; containment of accidental releases; adsorbents and absorbents; and off-gas treatment. A separate abstract was prepared for each paper.

Papers presented are grouped under the following topics: noble gas separation, damage control, aerosols, test methods, new air cleaning technology from Europe, open-end, and filtration. A separate abstract was prepared for each paper.

Some of the design characteristics and costs of a matched system comprising a pulsed linac and a storage ring to be used as a beam stretcher are discussed. The goal is to obtain a 2 GeV, 0.1 mA quasi-continuous stream of electrons. Within this goal, some optimization criteria will be examined and some technological difficulties will be indicated.