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Southwest Retort, Volume 54, Number 5, January 2002 (open access)

Southwest Retort, Volume 54, Number 5, January 2002

This publication of the Dallas-Fort Worth Section of the American Chemical Society includes information about research, prominent scientist, organizational business, and various other stories of interest to the community.
Date: January 2002
Creator: American Chemical Society. Dallas/Fort Worth Section.
Object Type: Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System: The UNT Digital Library

Big Thicket Legacy

Access: Use of this item is restricted to the UNT Community
In Big Thicket Legacy, Campbell and Lynn Loughmiller present the stories of people living in the Big Thicket of southeast Texas. Many of the storytellers were close to one hundred years old when interviewed, with some being the great-grandchildren of the first settlers. Here are tales about robbing a bee tree, hunting wild boar, plowing all day and dancing all night, wading five miles to church through a cypress brake, and making soap using hickory ashes. "The book is a storehouse of history, down-to-earth information, good humor, leg-pulling spoofs, tall tales and all kinds of serendipitous gems . . . Readers inclined to fantasy might like to think of two giant Texas folklorists of the past, J. Frank Dobie and Mody Boatright, nodding and winking their approval of Big Thicket Legacy."—Smithsonian
Date: January 15, 2002
Creator: Loughmiller, Campbell & Loughmiller, Lynn
Object Type: Book
System: The UNT Digital Library
Defense Inventory: Control Weaknesses Leave Restricted and Hazardous Excess Property Vulnerable to Improper Use, Loss, and Theft (open access)

Defense Inventory: Control Weaknesses Leave Restricted and Hazardous Excess Property Vulnerable to Improper Use, Loss, and Theft

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "The Defense Department (DOD) encourages the reuse of excess property, including vehicles, weapons, hand tools, lumber, medical equipment, and furniture. DOD components, civilian federal agencies, and "special programs" have equal priority and first rights to excess property. This report discusses excess property issued to three of 12 special programs--the Military Affiliate Radio System, the Civil Air Patrol, and the 12th Congressional Regional Equipment Center. Between 1995 and 2000, these programs obtained $34 million worth of items that they were not eligible to receive. The three programs were able to obtain the items because the DOD facilities that store the property are not required to verify which items the programs are eligible to receive, and because program officials do not consistently follow applicable guidelines. GAO also noted that the programs' lists of property they are allowed to obtain are not comprehensive because the lists exclude mission-related items similar to those already permitted. Furthermore, these programs did not have reliable records for more than three-quarters of their excess property. Together, the three special programs obtained more than 80,000 hazardous supplies. In many cases, program officials were unaware that …
Date: January 25, 2002
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Charitable Choice: Overview of Research Findings on Implementation (open access)

Charitable Choice: Overview of Research Findings on Implementation

A briefing report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Charitable choice provisions require states and localities to allow religious organizations to compete for federal funding on the same basis as other social service providers, without impairing the religious character of such organizations. Congress has been considering legislation to expand charitable choice provisions to other government programs. At least 19 states have contracted with faith-based organizations (FBOs) to provide some welfare services. Moreover, states are using various approaches to implement charitable choice legislation. For example, some states have created state faith-based liaisons to promote greater awareness of charitable choice provisions or removed barriers to contracting with FBOs. Several factors have limited the establishment of collaborations between FBOs and states, including some FBOs' lack of awareness and understanding of charitable choice provisions, their reluctance to partner with government, and the limited financial and administrative capacity of some FBOs. Once collaborations have occurred, some small FBOs have had problems (1) covering ongoing costs while awaiting government reimbursement or (2) managing the performance-based contracts because of limited technological and management systems. GAO found no information with which to assess the effectiveness of FBOs as providers of social services. Although …
Date: January 18, 2002
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Education Research: Education Should Improve Assessments of R&D Centers, Regional Labs, and Comprehensive Centers (open access)

Education Research: Education Should Improve Assessments of R&D Centers, Regional Labs, and Comprehensive Centers

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Research and Development (R&D) Centers, Regional Labs, and Comprehensive Centers support the Department of Education's research agenda to various degrees. Because statutes define different missions and activities for these programs, the amount and focus of the research and other research-based activities they support varies. Education shapes the priorities that guide the research done by the R&D Centers and targets the technical assistance provided by the Comprehensive Centers through requirements in agreements with these entities. However, Education has little control over the activities of the Regional Labs because, unlike most federal education programs, neither federal nor state governments have oversight responsibility for their programs. The R&D Centers, Regional Labs, and Comprehensive Centers reported collaborating and coordinating with each other and Education and cited various factors that have either facilitated or hindered such activities. They said that they were most likely to engage in these activities when they shared a common interest in a specific student population, such as English language learners, or in a specific topic, such as assessment. Current evaluation practices for assessing the R&D Centers, Regional Labs, and Comprehensive Centers have provided only limited information …
Date: January 18, 2002
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Immigration Benefit Fraud: Focused Approach Is Needed to Address Problems (open access)

Immigration Benefit Fraud: Focused Approach Is Needed to Address Problems

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) officials believe that some aliens are using the benefit application process to carry out illegal activities, such as crimes of violence, narcotics trafficking, and terrorism. The extent of immigration benefit fraud is unknown, but INS officials and others believe that this problem will increase as smugglers and other criminal enterprises use fraud to bring illegal aliens, including criminals, into the United States. INS investigative units in both the service centers and the district offices investigate possible benefit fraud on the basis of information they receive from staff who process benefit applications, other INS units, the public, and law enforcement agencies. Providing immigration benefits in a timely manner may conflict with the goal of preserving the integrity of the legal immigration system. Although INS recognizes the need to balance these competing goals, it has not always succeeded. INS has several performance measures in place to gauge the results of its benefit fraud enforcement activities. However, INS has not established outcome-based performance measures to assess the results of fraud activities. Additionally, INS has not established goals or measurement criteria for the service center …
Date: January 31, 2002
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Government Auditing Standards: Amendment No. 3: Independence (Superseded by GAO-03-673G) (open access)

Government Auditing Standards: Amendment No. 3: Independence (Superseded by GAO-03-673G)

Guidance issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "This publication has been superseded by GAO-03-673G, Government Auditing Standards: 2003 Revision, June 2003. GAO presented a guide on revised government auditing standards to audit officials and others interested in government auditing standards. The standards require auditors to (1) not perform management functions or make management decisions and (2) not audit their own work or provide nonaudit services in situations in which the amounts or services involved are significant/material to the subject matter of the audit."
Date: January 1, 2002
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
VA and Defense Health Care: Progress Made, but DOD Continues To Face Military Medical Surveillance System Challenges (open access)

VA and Defense Health Care: Progress Made, but DOD Continues To Face Military Medical Surveillance System Challenges

A statement of record issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "GAO, the Institute of Medicine, and others have cited weaknesses in the Defense Department's (DOD) medical surveillance during the Gulf War and Operation Joint Endeavor. DOD was unable to collect, maintain, and transfer accurate data on the movement of troops, potential exposures to health risks, and medical incidents during deployment in the Gulf war. DOD improved its medical surveillance system under Operation Joint Endeavor, providing useful information to military commanders and medical personnel. However, GAO found several problems with this system. For example, incomplete or inaccurate information related to service members' health and deployment status. DOD's has not established a single, comprehensive electronic system to document, archive, and access medical surveillance data. DOD has begun several initiatives to improve the reliability of deployment information and to enhance its information technology capabilities, but some initiatives are several years away from full implementation. Nonetheless, these efforts reflect a commitment by DOD to establish a comprehensive medical surveillance system. The ability of the Department of Veterans Affairs to fulfill its role in serving veterans and providing backup to DOD in times of war will be enhanced as DOD …
Date: January 24, 2002
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Federal Housing Assistance: Comparing the Characteristics and Costs of Housing Programs (open access)

Federal Housing Assistance: Comparing the Characteristics and Costs of Housing Programs

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "For more than 60 years, the federal government has sought to improve the condition and reduce the cost of rental housing for poor Americans. In fiscal year 1999, 5.2 million low-income households received $28.7 billion in federal housing assistance through more than a dozen programs. Despite this assistance, the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) estimates that 9 million other very-low-income households still have serious unmet housing needs. The most widespread problem facing these households is a lack of affordable housing; many pay more than 30 percent of their income for rent. The housing provided under the six active federal programs varies by such characteristics as age, building type, unit size, location, and services. GAO estimates that, for units with the same number of bedrooms in the same general location, these production programs cost more than housing vouchers. Across the six active programs, the federal government and tenants pay most of the programs' total costs. Except for one program, the federal government pays the largest percentage of the average total per-unit costs. GAO's work raises several housing policy issues, including the relative costs and benefits …
Date: January 31, 2002
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Government Auditing Standards: 2002 Revision (Exposure Draft) (Superseded by GAO-03-673G) (open access)

Government Auditing Standards: 2002 Revision (Exposure Draft) (Superseded by GAO-03-673G)

Guidance issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "This publication has been superseded by GAO-03-673G, Government Auditing Standards: 2003 Revision, June 2003. This guide discusses revised government auditing standards for auditors and audit organizations when required by law, regulation, agreement, contract, or policy. The standards pertain to auditors' professional qualifications, the quality of audit effort, and the characteristics of professional and meaningful audit reports."
Date: January 1, 2002
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Land Acquisitions: Agencies Generally Used Similar Standards and Appraisal Methodologies in CALFED and CVPIA Transactions (open access)

Land Acquisitions: Agencies Generally Used Similar Standards and Appraisal Methodologies in CALFED and CVPIA Transactions

Correspondence issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Since 1994, the CALFED Delta-Bay and Central Valley Project Improvement Act has provided more than $63 million to buy private lands in California for wetlands mitigation and wildlife enhancement. Federal agencies and nonprofit organizations have acquired 101,800 acres--94,300 acres in full ownership and 7,500 acres in partial interest or easements that restrict how land may be used. The three federal agencies and nonprofit organization GAO reviewed use the Uniform Standards for Federal Land Acquisitions for appraisals. All the entities developed and used supplemental appraisal guidance, which was generally consistent across the entities. The agencies and nonprofit organization used similar methodologies with one exception. The National Resources Conservation Service does not consider the land's residual value when making its appraisals as specified in the Uniform Standards."
Date: January 23, 2002
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Appropriateness of Indian Health Service's Request for Proposals (open access)

Appropriateness of Indian Health Service's Request for Proposals

Correspondence issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "GAO reviewed the appropriateness of a termination of a 1997 request by the Indian Health Services (IHS) for proposals to provide computed tomographic scanning services for the Blackfeet and Crow Service Units in Montana. GAO found no indication that IHS negotiated in bad faith. GAO's Office of Special Investigations had looked into the case in December 1998. GAO determined that the case was not within the scope of ongoing work and referred the case to the Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General (OIG). A June 1999 report by the OIG concluded that the allegations were unwarranted."
Date: January 23, 2002
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Water Quality: Inconsistent State Approaches Complicate Nation's Efforts to Identify Its Most Polluted Waters (open access)

Water Quality: Inconsistent State Approaches Complicate Nation's Efforts to Identify Its Most Polluted Waters

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) believes that more than 20,000 bodies of water throughout the country are too polluted to meet water quality standards. States use different approaches to identify impaired waters. This variation has led not only to inconsistencies in the listing of impaired waters but also to difficulties in identifying the total number of impaired waters nationwide and the total number of total maximum daily loads (TMDL) needed to bring such waters up to standards. Under the Clean Water Act and its regulations, EPA has given the states some flexibility to develop listing approaches that are tailored to their circumstances. However, some of the approaches have no appropriate scientific basis. States apply a range of quality assurance procedures to ensure the quality of data used to make impairment decisions. Although states have long used quality assurance procedures for the data they collect directly, they have become increasingly vigilant about applying such procedures to data from other sources. Because of inconsistencies in states' approaches to identifying impaired waters, the information in EPA's database of impaired waters is of questionable reliability. The number of impaired waters …
Date: January 11, 2002
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Severe Wildland Fires: Leadership and Accountability Needed to Reduce Risks to Communities and Resources (open access)

Severe Wildland Fires: Leadership and Accountability Needed to Reduce Risks to Communities and Resources

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Dangerous accumulations of brush, small trees, and other vegetation on federal lands, particularly in the western United States, have helped fuel devastating wildfires in recent years. Although a single focal point is critical for directing firefighting efforts by federal, state, and local governments, GAO found a lack of clearly defined leadership at the federal level. Authority and responsibility remain fragmented among the Department of the Interior, the Forest Service, and the states. Implementation of a performance accountability network also remains fragmented. As a result, GAO could not determine if the $796 million earmarked for hazardous fuels reduction in 2001 and 2002 has been targeted to communities and areas at highest risk. The five federal land management agencies--the National Park Service, the Fish and Wildlife Service, the Bureau of Land Management, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and the Forest Service--have yet to begin the research needed to identify and prioritize vulnerable communities near high-risk federal lands. Moreover, the agencies are not collecting the data needed to determine if changes are needed to expedite the project-planning process. They also are not collecting data needed to measure the effectiveness …
Date: January 31, 2002
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Managing for Results: Agency Progress in Linking Performance Plans With Budgets and Financial Statements (open access)

Managing for Results: Agency Progress in Linking Performance Plans With Budgets and Financial Statements

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "This report updates GAO's previous assessments of agencies' experiences in linking performance plans and budgets under the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 (GPRA). GAO has also included in this report an initial assessment of the approaches used by agencies to link performance plans with their audited annual financial statements. Over the first four years of agency efforts to implement GPRA, GAO observed that agencies continue to tighten the required linkage between their performance plans and budget requests. Of the agencies GAO reviewed over this period, all but three met the basic requirement of the act to define a linkage between their performance plans and the program activities in their budget requests, and most of the agencies in GAO's review had moved beyond this basic requirement to indicate some level of funding associated with expected performance described in the plan. More importantly, more agencies each year--almost 75 percent in fiscal year 2002 compared to 40 percent in fiscal year 1999--were able to show a direct link between expected performance and requested program activity funding levels--the first step in defining the performance consequences of budgetary decisions. …
Date: January 4, 2002
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
SSA Disability: SGA Levels Appear to Affect the Work Behavior of Relatively Few Beneficiaries, but More Data Needed (open access)

SSA Disability: SGA Levels Appear to Affect the Work Behavior of Relatively Few Beneficiaries, but More Data Needed

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "The Social Security Administration's (SSA) Disability Insurance (DI) program paid $50 billion in cash benefits to more than five million disabled workers in 2000. Eligibility for DI benefits is based on whether a person with a severe physical or mental impairment has earnings that exceed the Substantial Gainful Activity (SGA) level. SSA terminates monthly cash benefit payments for beneficiaries who return to work and have earnings that exceed the SGA level--$1,300 per month for blind beneficiaries and $780 per month for all other beneficiaries. GAO found that the SGA level affects the work patterns of only a small proportion of DI beneficiaries. However, GAO also found that the SGA may affect the earnings of some beneficiaries. About 13 percent of those beneficiaries with earnings near the SGA level in 1985 still had earnings near the SGA level in 1995, even though the level was increased during that period. The absence of key information identifying the monthly earnings of beneficiaries, their trial work period status, and whether they are blind limited GAO's ability to definitively identify a relationship between SGA levels and beneficiaries' work patterns. Data limitations …
Date: January 15, 2002
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Environmental Protection: Overcoming Obstacles to Innovative State Regulatory Programs (open access)

Environmental Protection: Overcoming Obstacles to Innovative State Regulatory Programs

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issues regulations that states, localities, and private companies must comply with under the existing federal approach to environmental protection. This approach has been widely criticized for being costly, inflexible, and ineffective in addressing some of the nation's most pressing environmental problems. The states have used several methods to obtain EPA approval for innovative approaches to environmental protection. Among the primary approaches cited by the state environmental officials GAO interviewed are EPA's Project XL and the Joint EPA/State Agreement to Pursue Regulatory Innovation. Officials in most states told GAO that they faced significant challenges in submitting proposals to EPA, including resistance from within the state environmental agency and a lack of adequate resources to pursue innovative approaches. EPA recognizes that it needs to do more to encourage innovative environmental approaches by states and other entities. As a result, EPA has (1) issued a broad-based draft strategy entitled "Innovating for Better Environmental Results" and (2) adopted the recommendations of an internal task force, which advocated the consideration of innovative alternatives as new regulations are developed."
Date: January 31, 2002
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Mad Cow Disease: Improvements in the Animal Feed Ban and Other Regulatory Areas Would Strengthen U.S. Prevention Efforts (open access)

Mad Cow Disease: Improvements in the Animal Feed Ban and Other Regulatory Areas Would Strengthen U.S. Prevention Efforts

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), also known as mad cow disease, has been found in cattle in 23 countries. Countries with BSE have suffered large economic losses because of declines in both beef exports and domestic beef sales. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have primary responsibility for preventing the introduction of BSE-contaminated cattle, beef, and cattle-derived products into the United States. GAO found that FDA has not acted promptly to force firms to keep prohibited proteins out of cattle feed and to label animal feed that cannot be fed to cattle. FDA's data on inspections are severely flawed, and FDA is unaware of the full extent of industry compliance. If BSE was discovered in U.S. cattle, many consumers might refuse to buy domestic beef; beef exports could decline dramatically as could sales in related industries, such as hamburger chains and frozen dinner manufacturers. Furthermore, some people might develop mad cow disease if infected cattle were to enter the food supply. The United States acted as many as five years earlier than did other countries to impose controls over imports …
Date: January 25, 2002
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Drug Control: Difficulties in Measuring Costs and Results of Transit Zone Interdiction Efforts (open access)

Drug Control: Difficulties in Measuring Costs and Results of Transit Zone Interdiction Efforts

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "The Defense Department (DOD), the Coast Guard, and the Customs Service all interdict illegal drugs--primarily cocaine--from South America. DOD is the lead agency, but all three agencies play a role in monitoring and detecting shipments of illegal drugs. The Coast Guard is the lead agency for apprehending ships that are smuggling drugs, with Customs providing help as needed. The Coast Guard and Customs share responsibility for apprehending aircraft involved in drug-smuggling. GAO could not identify the funds obligated and the number of flight hours and ship days used for drug interdiction in the drug transit zone because the three agencies do not routinely track this information. The results tracked by the three agencies to demonstrate their effectiveness of their drug interdiction efforts in the transit zone varied according to whether they focused on drug seizures or results of detection and monitoring and whether they were specific to the transit zone. Agencies can use several controls to ensure the accuracy of their own cocaine seizure data, such as assigning unique identification numbers to each seizure and headquarters review of data from field units. Although two interagency data …
Date: January 25, 2002
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Title I Funding: Poor Children Benefit Though Funding Per Poor Child Differs (open access)

Title I Funding: Poor Children Benefit Though Funding Per Poor Child Differs

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "The Title I program spends $8 billion each year on elementary and secondary education. Although state and local funds account for more than 90 percent of national education expenditures, Title I has been an important source of funding for many poor school districts and schools since 1965. In the 1999-2000 school year, Title I funds were targeted on the basis of numbers and percentages of poor children, but the complex allocation process resulted in differences in actual funding per poor child. When the numbers of children from low-income families shift among states, Title I allocations adjust, but not completely, and a state whose share of the nation's poor children changed from year to year would not necessarily see a corresponding change in its Title I allocation amount. The following two factors account for this: lack of current poverty data and various hold-harmless provisions. GAO found no monetary, statutory, or regulatory incentives for states to target their own funds to children from low-income families. Several policy options could increase Title I funds allocated to states and school districts with high numbers and percentages of poor children. These …
Date: January 15, 2002
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration: Opportunities Exist for Improving Management of the Enforcement Program (open access)

Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration: Opportunities Exist for Improving Management of the Enforcement Program

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "The Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration (PWBA) safeguards the economic interests of more than 150 million people in six million employee benefit plans. To enforce the provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), PWBA investigates employee benefit plans, conducts public education, and has begun a new voluntary correction program. Through its plan investigations, PWBA detects and corrects violations and has a deterrent presence that will prevent future violations. The Office of Enforcement prescribes areas for its regions to investigate. Regional offices have considerable flexibility in implementing PWBA's enforcement strategy by focusing most of their investigations on local issues. Although PWBA has taken steps to strengthen its enforcement activities, GAO found weaknesses in PWBA's enforcement strategy management and investigative process, its overall human capital management, and its measures for addressing program performance."
Date: January 29, 2002
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Tax Administration: Electronic Filing's Past and Future Impact on Processing Costs Dependent on Several Factors (open access)

Tax Administration: Electronic Filing's Past and Future Impact on Processing Costs Dependent on Several Factors

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "From fiscal years 1997 through 2000, the number of individual and business tax returns filed electronically increased from 23 million to 41 million. During the same period, the Internal Revenue Service's (IRS) expenditures for submission processing grew from $795 million to $924 million, an increase of 16 percent. Because it costs less to process an electronic return than a paper return, a growth in processing costs seemed improbable. Interviews with IRS officials and an analysis of relevant documentation identified several factors that limited the impact of electronic filing. Specifically, (1) the overall number of individual and business tax returns filed increased, and the resources needed to process that increase partially offset the resources saved by processing more electronic returns; (2) the number of the most costly to process individual income tax returns filed on paper essentially stayed the same; and (3) the number of individual income tax returns filed on paper and received during the peak filing period stayed relatively the same, and peak processing needs drive the resources needed to process individual paper returns. Although electronic filing increased, so did the demands placed on paper …
Date: January 10, 2002
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Gulf War Illnesses: Similarities and Differences Among Countries in Chemical and Biological Threat Assessment and Veterans' Health Status (open access)

Gulf War Illnesses: Similarities and Differences Among Countries in Chemical and Biological Threat Assessment and Veterans' Health Status

Testimony issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "This testimony discusses GAO's findings on differences among the French, United Kingdom, and the United States forces concerning the assessment of Iraqi chemical and biological threats and the use of various countermeasures. GAO also discusses the extent of illness, as well as exposure, reported by each country's veterans, focusing on the results of population-based surveys of Gulf War veterans' exposure to chemicals, as well as drugs and vaccines to guard against warfare agents. This testimony summarized the April 2001 report (GAO-01-13)."
Date: January 24, 2002
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Financial Management Service: Significant Weaknesses in Computer Controls Continue (open access)

Financial Management Service: Significant Weaknesses in Computer Controls Continue

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "The Financial Management Service's (FMS) overall security control environment continues to be ineffective in identifying, deterring, and responding to computer control weaknesses promptly. Consequently, billions of dollars of payments and collections are at significant risk of loss or fraud, sensitive data are at risk of inappropriate disclosure, and critical computer-based operations are vulnerable to serious disruptions. During its fiscal year 2000 audit, GAO found new general computer control weaknesses in the entity-wide security management program, access controls, and system software. GAO also identified new weaknesses in the authorization and completeness controls over one key FMS financial application. GAO's follow-up on the status of FMS's corrective actions to address weaknesses discussed in its fiscal year 1999 report found that, as of September 30, 2000, FMS had corrected or mitigated the risks associated with 35 of the 61 computer control weaknesses discussed in that report. To assist FMS management in addressing its computer control weaknesses, GAO made four overall recommendations in this public report."
Date: January 31, 2002
Creator: United States. General Accounting Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library