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30
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28
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Year
Month
Reevaluation of ferritic steel DBTT data used in damage function analysis. [PWR; BWR]
Data used in damage function analysis of ferritic pressure vessel steels was improved in three areas: 1) errors in the fluences were corrected and all fluences renormalized on a common basis, 2) a physically realistic fluence dependence was used to extrapolate data to the desired property change level, and 3) improved a priori damage models were used to account for the energy dependence of damage. The above improvements eliminated spurious structure in the damage functions and reduced data scatter by up to a factor of two. The displacement cross section gave the best overall correlation of the data; but a more spectrally sensitive model for interstitial clusters correlated the A350 ferritic steel data well.
Date:
January 1, 1979
Creator:
Simons, R. L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Coolant mixing in LMFBR rod bundles and outlet plenum mixing transients. Progress report, September 1, 1979-November 30, 1979
Information is presented concerning bundle geometry with wrapped and bare rods; subchannel geometry with bare rods; LMFBR outlet plenum flow mixing; and theoretical determination of local temperature fields in LMFBR fuel rod bundles.
Date:
January 1, 1979
Creator:
Todreas, N.E.; Golay, M.W. & Wolf, L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
(p,n) reaction at intermediate energy. [100 to 200 MeV]
The use of the (p,n) reaction in exploring effective interactions is reviewed. Some recent data on self-conjugate nuclei taken at the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility (IUCF) are presented, and the differences between low- and high-energy data are emphasized. Experimental problems and techniques used are briefly described. It is concluded that forward-angle (p,n) spectra at energies greater than 100 MeV are dominated by Gamow-Teller (GT) transitions, while Fermi transitions (IAS transitions) dominate near 45 MeV. Prominent GT transitions are expected from a pion-exchange interaction, and it is expected that OPEP is the dominant component of the interaction in the energy range of 100 to 200 MeV. 27 figures, 2 tables.
Date:
January 1, 1979
Creator:
Goodman, C. D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Magnetic susceptibility of /sup 249/Bk metal
Magnetic susceptibility measurements have been made on a sample of /sup 249/Bk metal using a SQUID micromagnetic susceptometer.
Date:
January 1, 1979
Creator:
Nave, S.E.; Huray, P.G. & Haire, R.G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Neutron cross section measurements at ORELA
ORELA (Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator) has been for the last decade the most powerful and useful pulsed neutron time-of-flight facility in the world, particularly in the broad midrange of neutron energies (10 eV to 1 MeV). This position will be enhanced with the addition of a pulse narrowing prebuncher, recently installed and now under test. Neutron capture, fission, scattering, and total cross sections are measured by members of the Physics and Engineering Physics Divisions of ORNL, and by numerous guests and visitors. Several fundamental and applied measurements are described, with some emphasis on instrumentation used. The facility comprises the accelerator and its target(s), 10 evacuated neutron flight paths having 18 measurement stations at flight path distances 8.9 to 200 meters, and a complex 4-computer data acquisition system capable of handling some 17,000 32-bit events/s from a total of 12 data input ports. The system provides a total of 2.08 x 10/sup 6/ words of data storage on 3 fast disk units. In addition, a dedicated PDP-10 timesharing system with a 250-megabyte disk system and 4 PDP-15 graphic display satellites permits on-site data reduction and analysis. More than 10 man-years of application software development supports the system, which is used …
Date:
January 1, 1979
Creator:
Dabbs, J. W. T.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electrode cooling for long pulse high current ion sources
The need for cooling of electrode surface in ion sources for neutral beam line applications is summarized. The properties of possible cooling fluids are discussed and the decision to use water as a cooling fluid of choice is explained. The influence of source geometry on the design of a cooling canal is examined and two possible designs are presented. The need for model testing and the results of the tests on a model cathode are also discussed. Some remarks are also made on a method of predicting burnout failure of a cooled electrode.
Date:
January 1, 1979
Creator:
McKenzie-Wilson, R.B.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ceramic and cermet targets
Use of isotopic materials as targets in high temperature environments, e.g., reactor cores, require that chemically stable forms of the isotopes be employed. Usually oxides are compatible with temperatures > 1600/sup 0/K, although some light element oxides exhibit some volatility at temperatures > 1300/sup 0/K. Especially in the case of heavy elements, the relatively low melting points of the metals, poor compatibility of the metals with encapsulation materials, and high chemical reactivity at moderate temperatures preclude the use of metal targets. However, encapsulation of ceramic targets has been successfully performed yielding high integrity samples. If hydrogen-reducible metals are mixed with the isotope(s), malleable, high strength, corrosion resistant targets can be rolled which contain a ceramic phase of isotope oxide. Isotope dilutions, additions of metals to form the metal matrix of a cermet target, and subsequent homogenization of all components are performed by dissolution in molten urea followed by calcination and compaction into the desired target form.
Date:
January 1, 1979
Creator:
Kobisk, E. H.; Quinby, T. C. & Aaron, W. S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Phase 2 of the automated array assembly task of the Low-Cost Silicon Solar Array Project. Technical quarterly report No. 6, 1 October 1979-31 December 1979
The ion implantation, metallization, and plasma etching processes are highlighted. Replacement of the hydrocarbon vacuum pump oils in the ion implanter with perfluorinated polyether pump oils has decreased, but not eliminated the formation of a carbonaceous surface layer on implanted wafers. Simulated unanalyzed beam ion implantation of boron for p-on-n cell fabrication has shown preliminary favorable results, showing better performance than control analyzed beam boron implants. An ion milling machine was adapted for true unanalyzed beam implants. The results show that high quality solar cells can be made with a high current unanalyzed ion beam. A new plasma etching unit has been obtained for patterning experiments. Preliminary experiments have been run. A polymerization effect of reactant gases has been observed, presenting a control problem. Changes in mask materials and gas compositions have been shown to eliminate this problem with the plasma patterning process. A re-evaluation of electroless nickel plating bath compositions has led to a new bath which gives successful plating without the formation of an oxide layer on the silicon surface observed with the previous baths. Low stress copper layers have been electroplated without the formation of an oxide layer on the silicon surface observed with the previous baths. …
Date:
January 1, 1979
Creator:
Coleman, M. G.; Pryor, R. A.; Sparks, T. G. & Saltzman, D. L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Panel report on high temperature ceramics
Fundamental research is reported concerning high temperature ceramics for application in turbines, engines, batteries, gasifiers, MHD, fuel cells, heat exchangers, and hot wall combustors. Ceramics microstructure and behavior are included. (FS)
Date:
January 1, 1979
Creator:
Nolet, T C
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Scattering of phonons by dislocations
By 1950, an explicit effort had been launched to use lattice thermal conductivity measurements in the investigation of defect structures in solids. This technique has been highly successful, especially when combined with the measurements of other properties such as optical absorption. One exception has been the study of dislocations. Although dislocations have a profound effect on the phonon thermal conductivity, the mechanisms of the phonon-dislocation interaction are poorly understood. The most basic questions are still debated in the literature. It therefore is pointless to attempt a quantitative comparison between an extensive accumulation of experimental data on the one hand, and the numerous theoretical models on the other. Instead, this chapter will attempt to glean a few qualitative conclusions from the existing experimental data. These results will then be compared with two general models which incorporate, in a qualitative manner, most of the proposed theories of the phonon-dislocation interaction. Until very recently, measurement of thermal conductivity was the only means available to probe the interaction between phonons and defects at phonon frequencies above the standard ultrasonic range of approx. = 10/sup 9/ Hz. The introductory paragraphs provide a brief review of the thermal-conductivity technique and the problems which are encountered in …
Date:
January 1, 1979
Creator:
Anderson, A. C.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development program for a 200 kW, CW gyrotron. Quarterly report No. 2, October-December 1979
The objective of this program was the design and development of a millimeter-wave device to produce 200 kW of continuous-wave power at 110 GHz. The device, which will be a gyrotron oscillator, will be compatible with power delivery to an electron-cyclotron plasma. Smooth control of rf power output over a 17 dB range is required, and the device should be capable of operation into a severe time-varying rf load mismatch. During the middle of this report period, the operating frequency was changed to 60 GHz.
Date:
January 1, 1979
Creator:
Arnold, K.W.; Tancredi, J.J.; Caplan, M.; Ha, K.W.; Birnbaum, D.N. & Weiss, W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Solar industrial process heat conference proceedings
Separate abstracts were prepared for 41 of the 54 papers presented. The remaining thirteen papers were previously included in the data base. (WHK)
Date:
January 1, 1979
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Commercializatzon of thick film solar cells. Quarterly progress report, September 21, 1979-December 31, 1979
Starting materials for the preparation of thick film cadmium sulfide and cadmium telluride solar cells have been comminuted. Initial trial films of cadmium sulfide showed that during the next phase of this work, the printing of films, one of the major problem areas will be to obtain sufficient reflow in the printed films to remove the screen-caused variation in film thickness. The thin areas corresponding to the screen pattern caused pinholes to form in the fired parts.
Date:
January 1, 1979
Creator:
McDonald, G.D. & Goodman, G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Comparison of gamma densitometer detectors used in loss of coolant studies
Ionization chamber type gamma detectors are used in water-steam density measurements in loss of coolant studies at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Ionization chambers have replaced current-mode scintillation detectors to obtain stability and freedom from magnetic field interference. However, this change results in some loss of fast transient response. Results of studies comparing the transient response of ionization chamber detectors, plastic scintillation detectors, and sodium iodide (NaI) detectors to rapid changes in gamma intensity demonstrate that plastic scintillation detectors have the fastest response and most closely reproduce the transient; ionization chambers have an initial fast response followed by a slower response, which may produce errors in fast transient measurements; and NaI scintillation detectors have a moderately fast initial response followed by an extremely slow response, which produces errors in even slow transient measurements.
Date:
January 1, 1979
Creator:
Shipp, R.L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Proceedings of the international workshop on the effects of acid precipitation on vegetation, soils, and terrestrial ecosystems, Brookhaven National Laboratory, June 12 to 14, 1979
The objectives of the workshop were to determine the levels of current knowledge of the effects of acid precipitation on vegetation, soils, and terrestrial ecosystems; research needed in these areas to understand the environmental impacts of acid rain; and to help coordinate research groups to avoid excessive duplication of research. The workshop was designed so that researchers in the areas of effects of acid precipitation on vegetation, soils, and whole ecosystem approaches could communicate effectively. There was a general consensus that acid rain at extreme ambient levels, or in artificial systems that simulate extreme ambient levels, causes injury to plant tissues. A major area of concern of acid rain injury was thought to be plant reproduction. The overall levels of significance of plant injury among various plant species remain unknown. The most important priorities in the area of effects of acid rain on crops were an evaluation of effects on crop yields and interaction of acid rain in combination with pollutants on various plants. Few participants thought that ambient acid rain loadings have altered soils to such a degree that plants are affected at present, but many thought that acid rain could cause some alterations in soils. The most important …
Date:
January 1, 1979
Creator:
Evans, L.S. & Hendrey, G.R. (eds.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of environmental factors affecting technology deployment: a case study
A study was conducted for the Office of Resource Applications, US Department of Energy (DOE), to assess the potential market and possible market penetration of four electric baseload generating technologies employing coal combustion, in three selected geographic areas of the US, within the time frame between the present and the year 1998. The major focus was on quantification of environmental performance of these technologies and relation of environmental performance to environmental constraints identified in the study area. The technologies under consideration were all coal-fired electric generation of the following types: conventional steam-electric generation with flue gas scrubbers for desulfurization (the baseline technology); steam-electric generation utilizing atmospheric fluidized bed combustion (AFBC); steam-electric generation utilizing pressurized fluidized bed combustion (PFBC); and electric generation utilizing combined cycle turbines (CC). Three geographic areas corresponding to utility power pools were selected for study: peninsular Florida, a southern region (most of the states of Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi), and part of the state of Texas. A summary of findings and conclusions is presented. In Chapter 2, the analytic approach is presented; in Chapter 3, the technology specific environmental factors are presented; in Chapter 4, information on the growth in generation is presented; and in Chapter 5, …
Date:
January 1, 1979
Creator:
Meyers, C D & Pechan, E H
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Annual progress report, July 1, 1978-June 30, 1979
Research for FY 1979 is reported. The Laboratory's three major research programs are: Biomolecular and Cellular Science with reference to health related energy problems; Environmental Biology focusing on desert ecosystems, and Nuclear Medicine.
Date:
January 1, 1979
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Department of Energy Audit Report Tracking System (DARTS). Quarterly Management Report as of December 31, 1979
This report provides information on the status of corrective actions on audit recommendations contained in audits of DOE activities, programs, and contracts. It is based on data and information reported to the Controller by DOE Headquarters elements and field offices in accordance with draft DOE Order 2300, Audit Compliance and Follow-Up. The report covers an update of matters reviewed at the initial meeting of the DOE Audit Review Council, the basic provisions of the proposed final order on audit compliance and follow-up, an assessment of progress under the DARTS to date, listings of the open General Accounting Office and Inspector General audit and inspection reports, and statistical data in summary form and in detail for DOE Headquarters and each reporting field office. 2 figures, 48 tables. (RWR)
Date:
January 1, 1979
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Spray solar cell research: CdS/Cu/sub 2/S cells by ion exchange-CSD. Quarterly report No. 1, October 1-December 31, 1979
A study of the applicability of the Chemical Spray Deposition-Ion Exchange Technique to the formation of high efficiency, low cost Cu/sub 2/S/CdS solar cells has been undertaken. A Chemical Spray Deposition (CSD) apparatus and an Ion Exchange annealing station have been designed, and construction of these facilities is nearing completion. The object is to form films of CdO and Cu/sub 2/O by spraying appropriate solutions onto a heated substrate, and then to convert these oxides into CdS and Cu/sub 2/S through ion exchange by annealing in H/sub 2/S vapor. Such films will then be the basis for fabricating Cu/sub 2/S/CdS solar cells. Temporary spray and annealing equipment has been used while the permanent facilities are completed. CdO oxide films with thicknesses of 0.1 to 0.5 microns have been deposited. There is preferred crystal growth in the (111) direction on glass substrates. However, on SnO/sub 2/ coated glass, a (200) preferred orientation is obvious. The crystallite size is 5 to 10 microns, and porous spheres 10 to 20 microns in diameter are visible on the surface. After annealing in H/sub 2/S, the films are converted to CdS, but the reaction is not complete after 2 h. The optical transmission is now …
Date:
January 1, 1979
Creator:
Maruska, H.P. & Young, A.R. II
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Seakeeping model tests of a 400 MW OTEC spar platform and cold water pipe
A number of theoretical methods are currently being used to predict seakeeping behavior (behavior in a seaway) of complete OTEC plants including a platform and CWP. Validation of these methods is generally limited, due in part to the limited available test data. To date no at-sea data and only one set of model test data are available for a complete OTEC plant. The primary purpose of the present and previous tests is to provide data for validation. The present tests are for a large (400 MW) spar type platform developed by Lockheed Missiles and Space Company (LMSC). A 1:110 scale model was constructed and used for testing. Tests were carried out for the following configurations: spar alone, spar with CWP free in pitch and roll, and spar with CWP rigidly attached. For all seakeeping tests, wave height and five motions (heave, pitch, roll, surge, sway) of the spar model were measured. Results are presented in the form of response amplitude operators and significant (average of one-third highest) amplitudes for random waves. Test results are also compared with theoretical predictions made for the exact conditions of the test model. (WHK)
Date:
January 1, 1979
Creator:
Kowalyshyn, R. & Barr, R. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cesium-137 in deer: Savannah River Plant vs. southeastern coastal plain herds
The /sup 137/Cs content in deer killed during programmed hunts at the Savannah River Plant (SRP) has averaged 9.0 pCi/g. This value, based on measurements of 13,907 deer taken over 14 years (1965 to 1978), similar to the value obtained for 552 deer from other southeastern Coastal Plain locations, indicating the /sup 137/Cs content is due to fallout from the atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons rather than from SRP operations. The computerized SRP data base for each harvested deer includes age, sex, weight, cesium content, kill location, date, and the hunter's name. Analysis of these data enables the estimation of population dose from ingestion of the edible meat. Consumption of all edible meat from deer killed at SRP from 1965 to 1978 gives a whole body population dose of 196 man-rem from /sup 137/Cs. Assuming an annual consumption rate of 20 kg gives an average individual whole body dose of 13 mrem, about 10% of local annual background level. The radiation dose from /sup 40/K of natural potassium content of deer is comparable to the radiation dose from /sup 137/Cs.
Date:
January 1, 1979
Creator:
Watts, J. R.; Rabon, E. W. & Dicks, A. S.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hot corrosivity of coal gasification products on gas turbine alloys. Summary report, 15 April 1978-15 November 1979
The results of this investigation have produced mechanisms for the hot corrosion of a number of pure metals and alloys in the types of atmospheres likely to be obtained in turbines using coal conversion products as fuel. The results of these mechanistic studies suggest the following conclusions regarding application of alloys in these situations: (1) Simple Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/-forming alloys of both Co and Ni have good hot corrosion resistance to most of the deposits likely to form in turbines burning coal conversion products with the exception of deposits containing considerable amounts of chlorides. (2) The presence of carbide phases is detrimental to the hot corrosion resistance of both Ni and Co alloys. (3) The complex alloy compositions characteristic of superalloys result in susceptibility to hot corrosion, the extent of which is sensitive to salt composition, particularly for Ni-base alloys. (4) Conclusion 3 suggests that uncoated alloys will not be able to provide the require combination of corrosion resistance and high-temperature strength for any of the components in turbines running on coal gas. (5) Several alloys including Co-18Cr-6Al-1Hf, Co-27Cr, Co-20Ni-27Cr, Ni-50Cr, and Fe-18Cr-6Al-Hf have corrosion resistance for use as coatings and claddings at high temperatures (900 to 1000/sup 0/C). (6) …
Date:
January 1, 1979
Creator:
Meier, G.H. & Gulbransen, E.A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Superconducting fault current limiter. Fourth quarterly technical progress report, May 8-July 7, 1979
Up until now, this project has established performance objectives for the superconducting fault current limiter (SCFCL) in terms of the limitations of circuit breakers and strategies for locating the SCFCLs within the system. During this fourth quarter, the possibility has also been explored of using SCFCLs to protect specific machines, namely superconducting alternators and transformers. Unique characteristics and requirements of these machines are identified in section 2 of this report and the possible benefits to be gained by using SCFCLs are suggested. It is concluded that no further specific design work, either on the SCFCL or on the machines be done toward this goal until these superconducting devices have proved themselves further. The most promising SCFCL device is the resistive type of limiter (see the Second Quarterly Report for this project). The detailed analysis and design of this device have proceeded in the following aspects this quarter: transient circuit analysis; transient heat transfer analysis; switching field and film geometry; and shunt resistance and shunt capacitance.
Date:
January 1, 1979
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Preliminary definition of the geothermal resources potential of Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania has a diverse geology. A small portion of the northeastern corner of the state is covered by Atlantic Coastal Plains sediments. To the northwest metamorphic rocks in the Piedment, Blue Ridge and Reading Prong areas are exposed. Triassic basine cut across portions of the Piedmont. The western portion of the state is underlain by Paleozoic sediments of the folded Appalachians and the Appalachian or Allegheny Basin. Crystalline rocks are limited to the metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Reading Prong and to Triassic diabase intrusives. Potential for geothermal resources in Pennsylvania appear to be limited to small hydrothermal systems associated with deep convection in the folded Appalachians or deep sources in the Appalachian Basin. Heat flow measurements and temperature gradients from oil and gas wells suggest normal continental heat flow in Pennsylvania. Under such conditions temperatures of about 200{sup 0}C (392{sup 0}F) are possible near the base of the sedimentary section (about 9 km, 30,000 feet). Warm springs are not as common in Pennsylvania as they are to the south in West Virginia and Virginia. Apparently the structure does not facilitate convective circulation. Geothermal resources in Pennsylvania appear to be restricted to those available in …
Date:
January 1, 1979
Creator:
Renner, J.L. & Vaught, T.L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library