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Year
Month
Charged particle detector system for ISABELLE spectrometers
A detector system combining the good time resolution and low dead time of PWC's and the good space resolution of drift chambers is proposed for use in ISABELLE spectrometers. Central to this detector is the development of two integrated electronic circuit systems. The detectors are described with special emphasis on the electronic systems. The detector system proposed will be capable of handling particle flux rates typical of conventional PWC's yet providing a spacial resolution of 100 ..mu..m. Another advantage is that a large area detector of such performance will become technically feasible as well as economicaly viable. The detector is a conventional narrow anode spacing drift chamber with field wires. A digital delay-time encoder circuit is used for readout.
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Platner, E.D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geothermic model for the rise of deeper groundwater along faults in unconsolidated rocks
A simple model was derived which may be used to explain measured temperature anomalies in areas of unconsolidated rock containing faults. It is assumed that deep groundwater rises along the path provided by the faulting. The calculations were performed using temperature data from the Niederrhein--Bucht. The model yields a quantitative relationship between the vertical flow of groundwater and the temperature anomalies observed. The primary results indicate that the quantity of water flow required to produce the observed temperature distribution is quite small. No hydrological contradictions are associated with the model. Six references are given and five maps and stratigraphic sections are provided.
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Werner, D. & Balke, K.D.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Kilowatt Isotope Power System. Phase II plan. Volume III. Addendum evaluation criteria
Preliminary evaluation criteria for the following aspects of the Kilowatt Isotope Power System (KIPS) are discussed: thermal environment of the heat source and the equipment and materials in this thermal environment; start-up requirements; power degradation; micrometeorite protection; control system; reliability and failure made analysis; quality control; cost; and re-entry survivability. (LCL)
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tritium storage development. Progress report No. 13, July--September 1977
Engineering-scale operation was started on hydriding of zirconium for application to tritium storage systems. Eight runs were made with commercial-grade zirconium sponge at 338/sup 0/ to 499/sup 0/C and 0 to 770 torr, hydrided to hydrogen-to-zirconium atom ratios up to 2. Reaction rates were determined for hydrogen flow rates of 2.72 to 9.24 cm/sup 3/ at STP/g Zr-min. For each run, hydrogen pressure was plotted on a semilog scale against time and H/Zr atom ratio to elucidate the reaction mechanism in terms of reaction kinetics, diffusion, and equilibrium hydrogen vapor pressure. Lack of consistency in some of the runs is probably due to difference in the extent of the diffusion barrier formed on the metal because of reaction with oxygen and other contaminants. Static leach testing of zirconium sponge and rod in distilled water was continued; leach rates ranged from 8.9 x 10/sup -7/ to 1.7 x 10/sup -6/ cm/day for the 166 to 208 day leach period.
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Colombo, P. & Johnson, R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Support for a nuclear future: student response to the CRBRP
Results are presented of a multiple regression analysis of questionnaire data from two random samples of University of Tennessee seniors. Data were collected from 94 students with science/engineering majors (the ''Tech'' sample), and 91 students with non-science/engineering majors (the ''Mass'' sample--which represents the majority of the students). The purpose of the analysis was to isolate factors which independently explain student response to the CRBRP and to breeder reactors in general.
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Bremseth, M. D. & Clelland, D. A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Angular distributions of photoelectrons and non-thermal photoions from atoms and molecules. [Review]
During the last ten years, photoelectron angular distributions have been used extensively to study the dynamics of the photoionization process in atoms and molecules. Some major advances in this body of work are reviewed with special emphasis on results emerging since the last Conference on VUV Radiation Physics three years ago. By far the greatest progress has occurred for atoms, where interest is focussed on improving zero-order (Hartree-Slater, Cooper-Zare) understanding of the asymmetry parameter ..beta..(epsilon), by considering electron correlations, relativistic effects, and anisotropic final-state interactions. The study of the rare gases has benefitted from extensive coordination between experiment and theory, whereas work on nonspherical atoms has been mainly theoretical, with the only measurements being performed very recently on atomic oxygen. Angular distribution studies on molecules are in a much earlier stage of development. Progress has been impeded by the lack of practical, realistic theoretical methods and wavelength-dependent measurements, both of which are becoming available only now. This recent work, together with selected topics from earlier resonance-line work on molecules will be reviewed. In addition, a new class of angular-dependent studies of molecules will be discussed--the angular distribution of nonthermal ions formed by dissociative photoionization--which provides information complementary to the related …
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Dehmer, J. L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Neutralization of H/sup -/ beams with gas jets
A test facility was constructed to create a compact curtain-shaped gas jet as a first-generation operational neutralizer for the 150 keV H/sup -/ beam. Different gases and vapors were considered, their optimum target thicknesses and neutralization efficiencies with respect to beam energies were explored. Two techniques of gas jet formation were compared. Multiparallel-channel effusive jets of CO/sub 2/ and H/sub 2/ were selected as test candidates.
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Lam, C. K.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Injection scenarios for TNS
Neutral beam injection heating is the most technically advanced and experimentally proven form of auxiliary Tokamak heating. In TNS, due to its large size and density, the major problem is a lack of beam penetration. An attempt is made to determine the scope of the problem and outline possible strategies for dealing with it. Some of these strategies are: raise the injection energy, injection vertically into a locally produced minimum in the toroidal magnetic field so that the injected ions are trapped in this well and anti B x nablaB drift into the center of the machine, and using a low density startup and taking advantage of ..cap alpha..-particle heating and flux surface shifts will allow 150 keV deuteron beams to have adequate protection. (MHR)
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Rome, J. A.; Peng, Y. K. M. & Davidson, J. N.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Plasma engineering considerations for an ignition test reactor: The Next Step (TNS) beyond TFTR
Plasma engineering studies were done to establish credible ranges of physics parameters to be integrated into the TNS study program. The following are reviewed: high ..beta.. equilibrium, high density, basic assumptions, zero-dimensional scaling, one-dimensional effects, equilibrium evolution, injection scenario, MHD stability limits, equilibrium fields and flexibility. (MHR)
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Peng, Y. K. M.; Callen, J. D.; Marcus, F. B.; McNally, J. R., Jr.; Mense, A. T.; Uckan, N. A. et al.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Magnetic susceptibility of AnRe/sub 2/ compounds
The compounds AnRe/sub 2/, where An = Th, U, Np, and Pu all have the MgZn/sub 2/-type hexagonal Laves phase structure. Measurements of their magnetic susceptibilities have been made from 2-300 K. Whereas ThRe/sub 2/, URe/sub 2/, and PuRe/sub 2/ have essentially temperature-independent susceptibilities, NpRe/sub 2/ is ferromagnetic with T/sub c/ = 47 K. The paramagnetic data for NpRe/sub 2/ follow a modified Curie-Weiss law, chi-che/sub 0/ = C/(T-THETA) from 60-230 K with THETA = 46.9 K and C equivalent to an effective moment, P/sub eff/ = 2.11 ..mu../sub B/. The ordered moment ..mu../sub 0/ = 0.90 ..mu../sub B/ and the results are consistent with other actinide compounds having good local moment behavior. The electronic specific heat of URe/sub 2/ = 34 mJ/(mole-K/sup 2/) is large enough to indicate the possibility of spin-fluctuation behavior in this compound.
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Brodsky, M. B.; Trainor, R. J.; Aldred, A. T. & Sowers, C. H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Highest temperatures recorded by the Oklo mineral phase assemblages and rock textures
Biotite-bearing pelitic phase assemblages are observed in reactor zones 2 and 5 and up to at least 4 m outside of zone 2, indicating a minimum temperature in these regions of about 400/sup 0/C. Rock textures suggest that still higher temperatures may have been reached within the reactors.
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Vidale, R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Theory of spin dependence at very high energies. [Review, S matrix]
The point of view taken is to introduce a number of topics for possible discussion during the course of this workshop. Some of the theoretical expectations for polarization phenomena are reviewed assuming that hadrons are composite. Polarization phenomena are considered from an S-matrix point of view.
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Thomas, G. H.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Eulerian method for large-displacement fluid-structure interaction in reactor containments
An Eulerian method for analyzing large-displacement fluid-structure interaction in reactor containments is presented. The emphasis is on the development of a generalized hydrodynamic scheme to treat the irregular cells created by the movement of the structure with respect to the fixed Eulerian coordinates. A relaxation equation is derived from the boundary condition at the fluid-structure interface for the solution of the pressure at the interface. By combining this with the Poisson equation a sufficient set of equations is obtained for the determination of the advanced-time pressures in the fluid region and at the fluid-structure interfaces. Sample problems are given to illustrate the analysis.
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Chang, Y. W. & Wang, C. Y.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Improvement and Verification of Fast Reactor Safety Analysis Techniques. Progress Report, October 1, 1977--December 31, 1977
The critical superficial vapor velocity was measured for an open vessel system with chemically produced internal heat. The measured value was within experimental error of the value predicted by the Kutateladze stability criterion. The greatest error induced was in the measurement of the energy generation rate. The effects of mixtures were taken into account. Further work suggestions are also presented.
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Barker, D. H. & Wheeler, P. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of high-mechanical strength electrical insulations for tokamak toroidal field coils
The electrical insulation for the TF (Toroidal Field) coils is subjected to a high interlaminar shear, tensile and compressive stresses. Two candidate epoxy/glass fiber systems using prepreg and vacuum impregnation techniques were evaluated. Specimens were prepared and processed under controlled conditions to simulate specification manufacturing procedures. The strengths of the insulation were measured in interlaminar shear, tension, compression, and combined shear and compression statically. Shear modulus determinations were also made. Various techniques of surface treatments to increase bond strengths with three resin primers were tested.
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Burke, C.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Chemiluminescence from the reaction of Ba /sup 3/D with nitric oxide
The reaction of laser excited Ba*(/sup 3/D) states with nitric oxide is presented. BaO product is not detected, although the channel is thermodynamically open, and instead chemiluminescence is observed. Experiments which suggest that radiative recombination, Ba + NO ..-->.. BaNO* ..-->.. BaNO, is the observed reaction channel will also be presented.
Date:
January 5, 1977
Creator:
Johnson, S. A.; Solarz, R. W.; Dubrin, J. W. & Brotzmann, R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Chemical heat pump: a simple means to conserve energy. Final report, September 1, 1976-February 28, 1977
This is the final report of a six-month preliminary investigation into the applicability of the Chemical Heat Pump (CHP) for day-and-night, heating-and-cooling of residences with solar energy. The CHP consists of two containers and a joining conduit. Its working mechanism is the reversible absorption of water vapor onto a dessicant such as powdered magnesium chloride dihydrate in one container, the reversible evaporation of water in the other container, and the reversible passage of water vapor through the conduit. These vapor processes occur as consequences of differing temperatures imposed on the two containers. Thus, heating the absorber container with solar energy increases vapor pressure of the enclosed material and results in its dehydration, while simultaneously cooling the water container with ambient air, lowers vapor pressure and results in vapor condensation to liquid. When the absorber is no longer heated by the sun, the water will evaporate from the water container at ambient temperature and its vapors will condense onto the dessicant at a higher temperature with release of the heat of hydration. This energy, is used for heating the house. Additionally, evaporation of water from within the water container provides means for residential cooling in warm weather. Analytical and experimental procedures …
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Greiner, L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Light water reactor fuel reprocessing: dissolution studies of voloxidized fuel
Voloxidation is a proposed head-end process to remove tritium from irradiated LWR fuel by roasting the fuel in the presence of oxygen. The process oxidizes UO/sub 2/ to a fine U/sub 3/O/sub 8/ powder with high surface area for dissolution. Small-scale tests with irradiated Robinson, Oconee, and Saxton reactor fuels have been made to determine the dissolution behavior of both voloxidized and nonvoloxidized (UO/sub 2/) fuel. No significant technical problems were encountered in batch-dissolving of the U/sub 3/O/sub 8/ or UO/sub 2/ fuel. Dissolution rates were well-controlled in all tests. Significant observations from U/sub 3/O/sub 8/ dissolution, when compared to UO/sub 2/ dissolution, included: (1) reduced tritium and ruthenium (/sup 106/Ru) concentration in dissolver solutions, (2) increased weight of insoluble noble metal fission product residue (approximately 2.2X greater), and (3) increased fraction of the total plutonium which remains insoluble and is collected with the fission product residue. The insoluble plutonium was leached easily from the residue by 10M HNO/sub 3/ to ensure quantitative plutonium recovery. The weight of the fission product residue collected from both U/sub 3/O/sub 8/ and UO/sub 2/ fuels increased linearly with fuel burnup. A major fraction (> 88%) of the /sup 85/Kr was evolved from U/sub …
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Johnson, D. R. & Stone, J. A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hybrid equilibrium field coils for the ORNL TNS
In this study, we make a comparative study of the power supplies required by interior and exterior (to the toroidal field (TF) coils) equilibrium field coils that are separately appropriate for high-..beta.., D-shaped plasmas in TNS. It is shown that the interior coils need power supplies that are an order of magnitude below those required by the exterior coils (while the latter case is much less difficult to build than the former). A hybrid EF coil concept is proposed that combines the interior and the exterior coils to retain their advantages in avoiding large interior coils while lowering the power supplied to the exterior coils by an order of magnitude.
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Peng, Y. K. M.; Strickler, D. J. & Dory, R. A.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
System for unattended surveillance of nuclear reactor behavior
A multivariate statistical pattern recognition system for reactor noise analysis is presented. The basis of the system is a transformation for decoupling correlated variables and algorithms for inferring probability density functions. The system is adaptable to a variety of statistical properties of the data, and it has learning, tracking, updating, and dimensionality reduction capabilities. System design emphasizes control of the false-alarm rate. Its abilities to learn normal patterns and to recognize deviations from these patterns were evaluated by experiments at the ORNL High-Flux Isotope Reactor. Power perturbations of less than 0.1% of the mean value in selected frequency ranges were readily detected by the pattern recognition system.
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Gonzalez, R. C. & Howington, L. C.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Prediction of limestone requirements for SO/sub 2/ emission control in atmospheric pressure fluidized-bed combustion
The limestone-SO/sub 2/ reactivity as determined on a thermogravimetric analyzer was used to estimate the quantity of limestone required to meet the SO/sub 2/ emission standard in atmospheric fluidized-bed coal combustors. Comparison of laboratory TGA calcium utilization with pilot plant experimental results were made. Estimates of SO/sub 2/ retention in a carbon burnup cell were made for various limestone feed options. From this information, estimates of limestone requirements for an AFBC-CBC system were made for Tymochtee dolomite and for Greer and Germany Valley limestones. The results indicate that dolomites may require smaller quantities to meet the SO/sub 2/ standard than limestones.
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Snyder, R. B.; Wilson, W. I. & Johnson, I.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Application of ultrasonic thermometry in LMFBR safety research
Ultrasonic thermometry has many potential applications in reactor safety research, where extremely high temperatures and lack of visual access may preclude the use of conventional diagnostics. An application (the in-core molten fuel pool experiment) will be described in which thoriated tungsten ultrasonic thermometers were used to measure temperatures in UO/sub 2/ to incipient melt (2860/sup 0/). Each thermometer included five sensor elements 10 mm long, providing five temperatures within the UO/sub 2/ at various axial locations. The 10 mm spatial resolution is about five times better than previous applications of the technique. Temperature resolution of +-10/sup 0/C was indicated by calibration data. Besides providing temperature data approximately 1000/sup 0/C higher than were obtained with thermocouples, the thermometer yielded valuable axial temperature profile data. Details of the sensors, exciting coils, and signal conditioning electronics will be given.
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Carlson, G. A.; Sullivan, W. H. & Plein, H. G.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Use of hodoscopes at ISABELLE
A major problem for experimenters designing detectors for use at ISABELLE is the high interaction rate, one event every 25 nanoseconds at a luminosity of 10/sup 33/ cm/sup -2/ sec/sup -1/. Typical multiplicities range from a few at large angles (> approximately 45/sup 0/) to approximately 10 nearer the forward direction. This implies average rates as high as a particle every few nanoseconds. For experiments which require high luminosities, detectors must be designed which have very short (approximately 1 nsec) response time and/or intercept a small solid angle per element. These requirements are met by fine-grained scintillation counter hodoscopes. However, it is, at present, impractical to maintain a 10,000 element hodoscope array because of the difficulty of light piping, the complexity and expense of maintaining that many phototubes, and the problems of packaging and readout. Several developments which promise to make such large arrays feasible are discussed.
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Alspector, J. & Miller, R. J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Experimental high temperature coefficients of compressibility and expansivity of liquid sodium and other related properties
The subcooled compressibility of liquid sodium was directly measured up to 200 atm between 900 K and 1867 K, utilizing a new multi-property apparatus which was previously tested with water. The experimental data were correlated by a 6-term equation with a standard deviation of 9.2 percent. The equation can be used to estimate the subcooled compressibilities and densities of liquid sodium up to 2300 K and 500 ata. The thermal expansion of liquid sodium was also measured along the isobars 1 ata, 28.9 ata and 69 ata. Densities within 1 percent of those obtained from the compressibilities were obtained. The above compressibility data were used to calculate the thermal pressure coefficient of saturated liquid sodium. Also, Bhise and Bonilla's correlations for the vapor pressure and the saturated liquid density of sodium were improved by including more data in the analysis. The critical temperature and density were thus reestimated as 2508.7 K and 0.2141 g/cc. Furthermore, a new correlation was developed to determine the heat of vaporization of sodium up to the critical point, which was then used to estimate the internal energy and the entropy of vaporization and the saturated vapor density of sodium up to the critical point.
Date:
January 1, 1977
Creator:
Das Gupta, S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library