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Economic impact of corrosion and scaling problems in geothermal energy systems (open access)

Economic impact of corrosion and scaling problems in geothermal energy systems

Corrosion and scaling problems have a significant impact on geothermal plant economics. A power plant must amortize the capital investment over a 20-year period and achieve satisfactory operating efficiency to achieve financial success. Corrosion and scale incrustations have been encountered in all geothermal plants, and to various degrees, adversely affected plant life times and power output. Using published data this report analyzes known geothermal corrosion and scaling phenomena for significant cost impacts on plant design and operation. It has been necessary to speculate about causes and mechanisms in order to estimate impacts on conceptual geothermal plants. Silica is highly soluble in hot geothermal water and solubility decreases as water is cooled in a geothermal power plant. Calculations indicate as much as 30,000 tons/year could pass through a 100 MWe water cycle plant. The major cost impact will be on the reinjection well system where costs of 1 to 10 mills/kwhr of power produced could accrue to waste handling alone. On the other hand, steam cycle geothermal plants have a definite advantage in that significant silica problems will probably only occur in hot dry rock concepts, where steam above 250 C is produced. Calculation methods are given for estimating the required …
Date: January 1, 1975
Creator: Shannon, D. W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced thermionic technology, FY1975. Progress report number 4, October 1974 (open access)

Advanced thermionic technology, FY1975. Progress report number 4, October 1974

None
Date: January 1, 1975
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Sandia Magma Energy Research Project (open access)

Sandia Magma Energy Research Project

None
Date: January 1, 1975
Creator: Colp, J. L. & Brandvold, G. E.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Trace ammonia analysis by direct gas chromatography (open access)

Trace ammonia analysis by direct gas chromatography

None
Date: January 1, 1975
Creator: Bellamy, H.S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Penetrometer mounted radiometer for rapid in-situ measurement of magma temperature (open access)

Penetrometer mounted radiometer for rapid in-situ measurement of magma temperature

None
Date: January 1, 1975
Creator: Stephens, H.P.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Multiheteromacrocycles that complex metal ions (open access)

Multiheteromacrocycles that complex metal ions

None
Date: January 15, 1975
Creator: Cram, D. J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Study of compact liquid-metal MHD systems coupled to helium gas cooled reactors. [Ship propulsion power supply] (open access)

Study of compact liquid-metal MHD systems coupled to helium gas cooled reactors. [Ship propulsion power supply]

None
Date: January 1, 1975
Creator: Pierson, E S & Dauzvardis, P V
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
TATB PBX formulations (open access)

TATB PBX formulations

None
Date: January 1, 1975
Creator: Johnson, H. D.; Osborn, A. G. & Stallings, T. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Web-dendritic ribbon growth. USC solar report No. Q-1. Quarterly report, October 1, 1975--December 31, 1975 (open access)

Web-dendritic ribbon growth. USC solar report No. Q-1. Quarterly report, October 1, 1975--December 31, 1975

None
Date: January 1, 1975
Creator: Hilborn, R.B. Jr. & Faust, J.W. Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Seismic design study on cantilever cylindrical shells. [LMFBR] (open access)

Seismic design study on cantilever cylindrical shells. [LMFBR]

One way to design a nuclear steam generating system to withstand seismic stresses is to establish a mathematical model, to which seismic loading can be applied, to determine the dynamic responses of the system. A practical approach for establishing such a model is to idealize the components in terms of beam elements which form the essential building blocks of the analytical model. The major shell structures of reactor vessels and steam generators are usually supported at a single elevation in the system, and are often simulated by cantilever beam elements. The use of a beam element to represent shell structure must be justified. The paper presents the results of a parametric study of thin-walled cylindrical shells which are clamped at one end while the other end is free. By using 3-D plate/shell finite element analysis, the region of application, where the beam element can reasonably simulate the shell structure, has been defined as the combination of its geometrical parameters, e.g., the thickness/radius and length/radius. As an illustrative example, the 3-D finite element method has been used to investigate the seismic analysis of a cantilever cylindrical shell similar to the Clinch River LMFBR reactor vessel. The numerical values are compared with …
Date: January 1, 1975
Creator: Wu, J.N.C. & Cory, J.F. Jr.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Data reduction of GPC spectra. Period covered: July--September 1975 (open access)

Data reduction of GPC spectra. Period covered: July--September 1975

None
Date: January 1, 1975
Creator: Askcraft, R.W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Effects of Impurities on Intrinsic Stress in Thin Nickel Films. Technical Report No. 83. [Vapor Deposition in UHV] (open access)

Effects of Impurities on Intrinsic Stress in Thin Nickel Films. Technical Report No. 83. [Vapor Deposition in UHV]

None
Date: January 1, 1975
Creator: Alexander, P. M. & Hoffman, R. W.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Studies of lymphocyte growth and differentiation. Progress report, April 15, 1974--April 1, 1975 (open access)

Studies of lymphocyte growth and differentiation. Progress report, April 15, 1974--April 1, 1975

None
Date: January 1, 1975
Creator: Rubin, A.D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Informational energy flow as an aspect of the ecological efficiency of marine ciliates. [Euplotes vannus, Uronema marinum] (open access)

Informational energy flow as an aspect of the ecological efficiency of marine ciliates. [Euplotes vannus, Uronema marinum]

None
Date: January 1, 1975
Creator: Rubin, H. A. & Lee, J. J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Detonation electric effect studies. Final report for period April--June 1975 (open access)

Detonation electric effect studies. Final report for period April--June 1975

None
Date: January 1, 1975
Creator: Canada, C.E. & Hanes, L.D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Unreacted Hugoniots and detonation sensitivity of HNS I. Period covered: April--June 1975. Final report (open access)

Unreacted Hugoniots and detonation sensitivity of HNS I. Period covered: April--June 1975. Final report

None
Date: January 1, 1975
Creator: Hanes, L.D. & Canada, C.E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Heat pipes applied to flat-plate solar collectors. Annual progress report (open access)

Heat pipes applied to flat-plate solar collectors. Annual progress report

None
Date: January 31, 1975
Creator: Bienert, W. B. & Wolf, D. A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Liquid-metal fast-breeder-reactor program: reference fuel studies. Fourth quarterly report, March-July 1975 (open access)

Liquid-metal fast-breeder-reactor program: reference fuel studies. Fourth quarterly report, March-July 1975

Task 3 of Contract AT(04-3)-893 consists of the following programs: a thermodynamic data program involving plutonia and urania at high temperatures; fuel rod engineering; and fuel rod test program. The three parts are closely interrelated and are in combination aimed at providing a sound basis for the design and performance evaluation of LMFBR mixed oxide fuel rods. All three parts are continuations of ongoing work which has been underway for several years.
Date: January 1, 1975
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Long-term compatibility test of RDX with HNS. Period: April--June 1975 (open access)

Long-term compatibility test of RDX with HNS. Period: April--June 1975

None
Date: January 1, 1975
Creator: Foster, P. A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Can the dream of using magma energy come true (open access)

Can the dream of using magma energy come true

None
Date: January 1, 1975
Creator: Colp, J. L.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Disposal of waste or excess high explosives. Progress report, July--September 1975 (open access)

Disposal of waste or excess high explosives. Progress report, July--September 1975

None
Date: January 1, 1975
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Cellophane sandwich explant system. [Tissue culture system] (open access)

Cellophane sandwich explant system. [Tissue culture system]

None
Date: January 1, 1975
Creator: Cole, R. & de Vellis, J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Processes affecting the transport of materials from continents to oceans (open access)

Processes affecting the transport of materials from continents to oceans

None
Date: January 1, 1975
Creator: Troup, B. N. & Bricker, O. P.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library